Abstract:Through RT-PCR,two transcription factor genes,OsJAMYB (MYB transcription factor gene,Genbank no.AY026332) and OsERF3 (Ethylene Response Factor gene,Genbank no.AB036883) were isolated from rice ‘Xiushui 11’ after striped rice borer ［Chilo supperssalis (Walker)］ feeding and were confirmed after Blastn analysis.The length of OsJAMYB and OsERF3 fragments were 1 026 bp and 805 bp,respectively.By using molecular cloning techniques,specific expression vectors were gotten with specific directions and specific insert sequence including OsJAMYB and OsERF3 for transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.After incubating,screening and differentiation with ‘Xiushui 11’ calli and A.tumefaciens,the sense and antisense transgenic plants including OsJAMYB and OsERF3 were gained.The PCR was used to amplify the genes in T₀ transformed rice genomics DNA to confirm the inserts of OsJAMYB and OsERF3.The results will provide the knowledge of induced resistance and molecular mechanism of OsJAMYB and OsERF3 in rice.

Abstract:The cloning of an MDH cDNA,designated as MaMDH,was isolated from banana fruit by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) and gained by RACE technique.The cDNA was 1 249 bp in length,coding for 332 amino acid residues.Predicted by bioinformatics analysis,its protein molecular weight is 35 448 Da,isoelectric point 6.53.Compared with the known plant malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene,the homology of amino acid was 92%.By conserved domain analysis,the gene has NAD binding sites,malic acid binding sites,two dimer binding sites.Analyzed by phylogenetic tree,MaMDH are more closely related to corn and wheat.MaMDH stress expression analysis showed that the MaMDH expression of banana seedling dealt with ethephon upregulated,while dealt with salt and Al³⁺ stress,and banana fusarium oxysporum 4 races firstly upregulated,and then down-regulated.The MaMDH expression by chilling stress down-regulated firstly,and then upregulated.Under the drought stress and wounding stress,the expression of MaMDH did not change significantly.

Abstract:Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method was used to clone the full length of mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) gene in Eleutherococcus senticosus.Then,the gene was analyzed by bioinformatic method and its expression patterns in different organs and different developmental periods were tested by RT-PCR.The results were as follows:(1)The full length of MDD cDNA sequence was 1 769 bp containing a 1 263 bp ORF that encoded 420 amino acids.The deduced amino acids sequence of MDD exhibited specific recognition sequence of GHMP kinase super family,and the accession number of MDD gene was JQ905594.In the secondary structure,the protein contains 161 alpha helixs,takes up 38.33%,68 extended strands,takes up 16.19%,19 beta turns,takes up 4.52%,172 random coils,takes up 40.95%.Without transmembrane domain,MDD was located in the outer membrane region.(2)RT-PCR results showed that MDD gene expressed in different developmental periods and different organs of E.senticosus,and the gene expression significantly differed among the periods or organs (P<0.05).The expression pattern of MDD,was likely to firstly raise in the period from bud germination to fully expanding of leaves,then decrease to the lowest content,and finally raise to another peak level when the fruits grow with a high speed.The highest expression (in fully expanding leaves) was 4.51 fold to the lowest expression (in aging leaves).The highest gene expression was detected in young shoots,which was 7.22 fold to the lowest level in leaves.However,no significant difference was detected among leaves,petioles and roots.The results had profound effect on the better understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of E.senticosus saponins.

Abstract:In order to study the halophyte salt-tolerance mechanism and compare the salt tolerance of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from different halophytes,we cloned the full-length cDNAs of manganese (Mn) and Cu/Zn SOD from Salicornia europaea by RACE method.Sequence analysis indicated that the S.europaea MnSOD gene (SeMSD) (GenBank accession number:JQ061158) comprised an open reading frame of 699 bp,encoding a polypeptide of 233 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 25.7 kD.Correspondingly,the Cu/ZnSOD gene (SeCSD,GenBank accession number:JQ061160) consisted of an open reading frame of 684 bp which encoded a protein of 228 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 23.3 kD.According to these two obtained cDNA sequences and Thellungiella halophila MnSOD gene (ThMSD) published on GenBank (EF140719),the prokaryotic expression vectors pET30a-SeMSD,pET30a-SeCSD and pET30a-ThMSD were constructed,and the target proteins were expressed successfully in BL21 Escherichia coli.Through optimizating the concentration of Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG),the salt tolerance of these bacteria with the three superoxide dismutases were tested under 6.5% and 7.5% NaCl.The results demonstrated that the recombinants BL21 (pET30a-SeMSD) and BL21 (pET30a-ThMSD) strains showed better tolerance to salinity stress in comparison with the control stains BL21 (pET30a),but the recombinant BL21 (pET30a-SeCSD) strains displayed no salt tolerance increase.

Abstract:RG-8M,early-maturing mutant of late-maturing rape RG-8,was used in the present study.A LEAFY（LFY） homologue gene named BnLFY was cloned from RG-8M with the method of homologous cloning.The full length of BnLFY cDNA was 1 310 bp and contained a complete open reading frame of 1 248 bp,which encoded 415 amino acids residues.As other dicotyledon LFY-like proteins,the deduced amino acid sequence of BnLFY gene had several special regions such as N terminal proline rich region,the central acidic domain,the leucine zipper structure and the lysine and arginine-rich basic region.The result of sequencing indicated that the BnLFY protein shared more than 84% amino acid sequence identity with LFY-like proteins of several cruciferous plants.Transcriptional analysis showed the BnLFY gene expressed constitutively in rape.

Abstract:To investigate the function of the GhCOMT1 gene,the GhCOMT1 gene was insert into the pET-28a vector to construct fusion vector pET-28a-GhCOMT1,and transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells.The fusion protein could be induced by 0.2 mmol/L IPTG treatment for 12 h at 16℃,for 3 h at 30℃ or 37℃,but the recombinant proteins mainly appeared as inclusion bodies.The most high expression quantity was induced at 16℃ for 12 h.Then to dissolved inclusion body,SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that its molecular mass is about 39.748 kD,Western blotting analysis indicated that the His polyclonal antibody could specifically bound to purified His-GhCOMT1 fusion protein.The prokaryotic expression system of pET-28a-GhCOMT1 is successfully constructed.It can be used to the further application study on function of GhCOMT1.

Abstract:In this paper,we used cDNA-AFLP to isolate differentially expressed genes in sugarcane induced by GA₃.Sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarum cv.ROC22) which were sprayed with the concentration of 200 mg·L^-1 gibberellin at early elongation stage as treatment,while sprayed with distilled water as control.(1)One hundred and eighty six bands of differential expression genes were obtained by 169 pairs of selective amplification primers.After reverse Northern blot analysis,56 positive TDFs were selected for sequencing.(3)BLAST analysis showed the genes related to energy and metabolism (6),unknown functional protein (17),plant resistance (1),cell wall biosynthesis and modification (1),signal transduction (2),transcription factor (1) and others (28).Our result provides reference for investigating the molecular mechanism of sugarcane stem elongation.

Abstract:Taxus wallichiana var.mairei (Lemée & Léveillé) L.K.Fu & Nan Li is a highly endangered conifer,a total of six haplotypes were detected in all 499 individuals of 18 populations,in chloroplast DNA trnL-F fragment by PCR-RFLP.H1 and H2 existed in all the populations distributing in mainland of China,but H3 only existed in Huangshan population,and H4 only existed in Lin’an population,with H5 and H6 coexisting in Taiwan population.The phylogeographic analysis suggested the H1 and H2 were the ancestor haplotypes,while the other haplotypes were evolved from them.Some 26.39% of the total variation existed among the populations,while 73.61% in the populations suggested by AMOVA.NCA analysis suggested there was slight correlation between the distribution of cpDNA haplotypes and geography,and the genetic structure of T.wallichiana var.mairei resulted from the effect of population fragment or the long-distance colonisation.Variation of cpDNA haplotypes suggested several glacial refugiums of T.wallichiana var.mairei in the east and south of China.

Abstract:This study focused on the reproductive biology of Aesculus chinensis,such as flowering phenology,flower characteristics,floral dynamics,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,pollenovule ratio (P/O),and outcrossing index (OCI).The results showed that:(1)A.chinensis was in early flowering stage from April 22,in full flowering stage from May 5 and in final flowering stage from May 14 in Xi’an.All of the flowering stages lasted about 30 d.Flowering stage of single flower lasted about 5～8 d.(2)Male flowers have degraded ovaries.There were significant differences between male and perfect flowers in flower morphology,size and physiology.The pollen viability of male flowers was far greater than that of the perfect ones.The pollen viability of male flowers maintained the highest (75.69%) during the flowering day and was the best pollination time.The stigma receptivity of perfect flowers lasted about 8～9 d,the stigma receptivity was strongest 3 d after flowering.(3)P/O and OCI results showed that the breeding system was outcrossing with pollinators.A.chinensis is a kind of andromonoecy plant.

Abstract:To better understand the aborted seed of cultivated Syringa microphylla Diels in Beijing,we observed the embryo development of S.microphylla.(1)The fruit setting rates from artificial self-pollination and controlled emasculation were 0 while intraspecific crossing pollination and natural pollination were 20.37% and 9.13% respectively.The setting rates from four pollination methods were all 0;(2)The anther wall conformed to the basic type and glandular tapetum.The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cells in meiosis was the simultaneous type,and microspore tetrad was mainly tetrahedral shape.The mature pollen grains were of 2-celled type.The ovule was anatropous,unitegmic and tenuinucellate,megaspore tetrad was linear shape.The development of the embryo sac was the polygonum type.The endosperm developed to be the nuclear type and the embryo the asterad type.The globular embryo,heart-shaped embryo,torpedo embryo and cotyledonal embryo were formed sequentially.However,the development of the cotyledonal embryo stopped and all cells gradually degraded in early September.The study showed that S.microphylla was cross-pollinated plant,the method of the intraspecific crossing pollination could increase the fruit setting rates,while no viable seed was harvested.The microspore and megaspore,male and female gametophytes,pollination fertilization and early embryo development were normal,but the later embryo growth stopped.

Abstract:Effect of flowering mode and pollination on reproductive success and interspecific relationship of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.were studied by flowering phenology observation,pollinator observation,hand-pollination experiments.(1)Their overlapping time of the florescence was 21 days,both G.glabra L.and G.uralensis Fisch demonstrated “concentrate a large number of flowering mode”,but G.uralensis Fisch.was batches gradually flowering.And that have great significance for improve the reproductive success rate,avoid inbreeding depression and maintain the stability of the species.(2)Their pollination insects are different in numbers and varieties,but Coelixys afra Lepeletier,Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Xylocopa valga Gerstaecker pollinate for both of them.(3)The rate of fruitage in crossing combination of “♀G.uralensis×♂G.glabra” was 48.3%,the “♀G.glabra×♂G.uralensis” was 39.4%.This means that hybridization between G.glabra L.and G.uralensis Fisch.are compatible and no reproductive obstacles.Studies have shown that overlapping time of the florescence,common floral visitors and compatible of hybridization may be important conditions to successfully make interspecific pollination and speciation for natural hybrid species of two Glycyrrhiza L.species.

Abstract:In this study,the self-compatibility and mechanism of self-pollination in Hyoscyamus niger were nvestigated in the field.The results showed that:(1)The flower was incompletely protogynous,stamen elongation was the main floral mechanism which to maintain the mixed mating system.(2)Pollination control treatments suggested the species was self-compatible and has autonomous self-pollination ability.The autonomous selfing occurs at the late floral stage which overlaps with the time of stigma and anthers contacting.(3)The contact of anthers and stigma when pollen was viable and stigma was receptive resulted in delayed selfing in this species.H.niger not only select the flower structure that adapt to outcrossing,but also promoting self-pollination through stamen elongation.These results indicate that H.niger has a well developed capacity for delayed selfing,which provided reproductive assurance in the study population.

Abstract:Five different genotypes of kale (Brassica oleracea L.var.acephala) were used to study the relationship of microspore developmental stage with bud size,effects of genotype on embryogenesis,embryos transferred to plantlets,chromosome doubling and ploidy identification.The results showed that:(1)The bud size suitable for using as index in microspore culture was 3.5～4.5 mm length and the ratio of anther to petal was 0.85～1.10.(2)In 5 genotypes,the embryogenesis efficiency of ‘4105’ was the best,that was 2.45 embryos per bud,then ‘7341’ with 2.18 embryos per bud;the efficiency of ‘7340’ and ‘7348’ was lower,that was 1.36 and 0.51 embryos per bud,respectively;‘7342’ had no embryos produced.(3)The microspore-derived seedlings were treated with 150 mg·L^-1 colchicine for 24 h,then used to identify the ploidy level with flow cytometry.We found that the frequency of total doubling diploids was 78.4%,which was better for utilization in production.

Abstract:Ploidy level of 55 Dendrobium was identified by using squash method,and the length and density of stoma,the length,width and thickness of leaf,the height of plant,the diameters of the stem and the flower and the thickness of petal were also measured.The results showed that:(1)55 Dendrobium resource were composed of 40 tetraploids,11 triploids and 4 diploids,with tetraploid resources,triploid resources and diploid resources accounting for 72.73%,20.00% and 7.27%,respectively.(2)According to the correlation analysis of the chromosome ploidy and 9 morphological traits in Dendrobium,the chromosome ploidy is significantly negatively associated to the dense of stoma and is significantly associated to the length of stoma,the width and thickness of leaf,the diameters of the stem,the diameter of the flower and the thickness of petal.There was not significant coorelation between the chromosome ploidy and the height of plant in the Dendrobium.

Abstract:Hyacinth cultivar ‘Pink Pearl’ root tips were pretreated with five reagents including colchicine,8-hydroxyquinoline,cycloheximide,mixture of colchicine and 8-hydroxyquinoline and ice-water mixture by different time grads to obtain well dispersed chromosome.These results laid a foundation for the hyacinth chromosome analysis and fine structure researches.The results showed that after fixed with Carnoy fixative I,dissociated,dyed,squashed,the root tips pretreated with these 5 reagents all could be used in chromosomes preparation,which the chromosomes spreader well,given a normal form,and were easy for counting and karyotype analysis.The most favorable treated time for colchicine and 8-hydroxyquinoline was 12 h and 20 h,respectively;and for the other three reagents cycloheximide,mixture of colchicine and 8-hydroxyquinoline and ice-water mixture,the most favorable treated time was all 24 h.Hyacinth karyotype analysis was carried out with chromosome from root tip cells.The result showed that the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=16=6m+4sm+2sm^sat+4st.The asymmetry index was 60.2% and belonged to category 2C of Stebbins.

Abstract:A study on morphology structure of leaf epidermis of the genus Rubus in Heilongjiang were conducted with scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results are as following:(1)The upper epidermal cells of Rubus are polygonal,with anticlinal wall strait,or the cells of upper epidermis are irregular-shaped,with anticlinal sinuolate;the cells of lower epidermis are irregular-shaped,with anticlinal wall sinuolate or sinuate.(2)Four types of trichomes are recognized in this study,as unicelluar unbranched and straight hair,unicelluar unbranched and curled hair,capitate and peltate glandular hairs,respectively.(3)Stomatal apparatus are located in lower epidermis;all of them are anomocytic,uni-layered outer stomatal rim,smooth or irregular-undulate inner margin of outer stomatal ledge.The differences in the leaf micromorphology of these species threw lights on the systematics of Rubus L.

Abstract:The flowering phenology and reproductive features of Caryopteris mongolica were investigated.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in flowering phenology of C.mongolica between artificial and natural populations.The dates of flowering phenology were also different in the same population in different years.(2)The flowering processes similarly exhibited a so-called “Mass-flowering pattern”,which might be regarded as an adaptive strategy to ensure its reproductive success.Most flowers opened before 10:00 AM in sunny days but delayed or non-flowering in cloudy or rainy days.(3)Inflorescences with more flowers showed a longer duration and more fruits than those with fewer flowers.

Abstract:In this paper,Zygophyllum xanthoxylum which is dominant species shrub of Urumqi Dabancheng chronic high wind area was used as a study object.Through pot experiment,design three wind speed (light wind:3 m/s,medium wind 7 m/s,high wind:12 m/s),on Zygophyllum xanthoxylum sustained wind treatment 90 d,leaf anatomical structures were analyzed with paraffin sectioning method.The results showed that,compared with control group(mean wind speed 0.3 m/s),in the 12 m/s wind thickened of leaf thickness 48%;12 m/s,7 m/s and 3m/s wind increased cuticle thickness of 213%,117% and 45%,respectively;palisade tissue thickened of 110%,70% and 47%,respectively;12 m/s and 7 m/s vein thickened of 109% and 76%,respectively.In conclusion,under the chronic high wind simulation,Zygophyllum xanthoxylum reduce mechanical damage by respecting increased leaf thickness,cuticle thickness,palisade tissue and vein thickness,also control water loss.

Abstract:The leaf anatomical structure of the ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants in Yan’an urban area were observed with paraffin sectioning method and nail oil seal.The fifteen xeromorphic indices including thickness of leaves,thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis,cuticle thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of spongy tissue,thickness of vascular bundle,thickness of vein,stoma density of lower epidermis,stoma length of lower epidermis,stoma width of lower epidermis were measured and thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,compactness of leaf structure,thickness ratio of vascular bundle to vein were analyzed.Through the methods of variance analysis and principal component analysis.The drought resistance among species were evaluated by membership function.The results showed that:(1)The fifteen xeromorphic indices had significant differences between ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants,and had higher sensitivity which variation coefficient was 19.34%～73.73%.(2)Ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants had drought-resistant leaf anatomic structures such as developed epidermis,cuticle,palisade tissue,vein,vascular bundle and so on.The stomatal apparatus were distributed in lower epidermis mostly,Sophora japonica belonged to isobilateral leaf,the rest of species belonged to bifacial leaf.(3)Five typical xeromorphic indices including thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of bundle,stoma density of lower epidermis could be main indices to evaluate drought resistance comprehensively,the drought resistance capability of ten species of broad-leaved ornamental plants was in the order of Prunus serrulata>Rosa chinensis>Prunus cerasifera cv.pissardii>Sophora japonica>Syringa oblata>Wisteria sinensis>Parthenocissus tricuspidata>Euonymus bungeanus>Forsythia suspensa>Berberis thunbergii cv.atropurpurea.

Abstract:The photosynthetic pigment,lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidation enzymes in the leaf of Pleioblastus kongosanensis were analyzed under the stress of elevated concentration of CO₂ (700 μmol·mol^-1) and O₃ (100 nmol·mol^-1) in open-top chambers (OTCs).After samples treated for 103 days and compared to the control,the results showed that:(1)In the elevated O₃ treatment groups,the contents of Chl a,Chl b,total Chl and the ratio of Chl a/Chl b,Chl/Car,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT were decreased significantly,while the contents of O^-·₂,MDA,Car,relative electrical conductivity and activity of APX were increased significantly;(2)In the elevated CO₂ treatment groups,the contents of Chl a,Chl b,total Chl and the ratio of Chl/Car were increased significantly,and the ratio of Chl a/Chl b,contents of O^-·₂ and MDA,activities of SOD,POD,CAT,APX were decreased significantly and relative electrical conductivity,content of Car had no significant difference;(3)In the elevated O₂ and CO₂ combined treatments,except Chl/Car ratio and CAT activity were decreased significantly,other physiological indicators had no significant differences.The results showed that the activities of anti-oxidation were significantly decreased,at the same time the O₃ and malondialdehyde contents were increased significantly by elevated O₃,so that the cell membrane structure was damaged seriously which represents injured effects to P.kongosanensis.Reactive oxygen species were decreased significantly by elevated CO₂,which presents protective efficacy on P.kongosanensis.In combined stresses of elevated CO₂ and O₃,the leaves of P.kongosanensis could maintain high levels of photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant activities to effectively regulate reactive oxygen species generation and clearing balance,indicating that elevated CO₂ could ameliorate the oxidative stress in certain degree.

Abstract:In this experiment,Casuarina equisetifolia was inoculated with different mycorrhizal fungi shoots under low temperature stress.The relationship between cold resistant physiological indicators and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi of C.equisetifolia was analyzed in order to investigate the response characteristics of C.equisetifolia inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi under low temperature stress,and provide the basis for scientific evaluation and improvement of cold tolerance of C.equisetifolia.The results show that:(1)Inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi could significantly promote the growth of C.equisetifolia seedlings.(2)With the reduction of the stress temperature,SOD,POD,CAT activities of inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi of C.equisetifolia twigs were all increased and then decreased trend.MDA content and cell membrane permeability increased with decreasing temperature.(3)Compared with the unvaccinated control at same temperature the activities of SOD,POD,CAT of seven inoculated twigs of C.equisetifolia were significantly increased (maximum when 0～4℃) and a significant reduction in MDA content and cell membrane permeability,moreover there were significant difference between treaments.Study found that inoculated under appropriate low temperature stress with mycorrhizal fungi could significantly improve the protection of enzyme activity,reduce cell membrane permeability and MDA content of C.equisetifolia twigs to improve their resistance to cold.Inoculated AMF Glomus caledonium Nicoison & Ceelemann and ECMF Scleroderma polyrhizum Pers had the best promoting effect on C.equisetifolia cold resistance.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the bud dormancy mechanisms of wine grape during natural and breaking dormancy from the following physiological and biochemical aspects:water status,active oxygen and ant-oxidation system,phenols and the related enzymes.The results show that:(1)Chardonnay which is an early maturity variety comes into deep dormancy on Dec.20th,and bud dormancy starts to release gradually from Jan.29th;the late Cabernet Sauvignon’s deep dormancy stage is from Jan.9th to Feb.18th and bud dormancy starts to release gradually.Cyanamid treatment enhanced dormancy release.(2)The contents of active oxygen species O^-·₂ and H₂O₂ had a gradual increase in the early dormancy stage,reaching the peak value at the deep end-dormancy,then decreased after bud dormancy release.SOD activity decreased steadily during the whole period of end-dormancy,and then increased after the dormancy release.POD and CAT activities kept increasing during the early dormancy stage,then the POD value started to drop after the dormancy release and CAT maintained a high activity until bud sprouting.ASA-GSH cycle was relatively weak at the early stage of end-dormancy,and then it was activated gradually during the dormancy release.During the breaking dormancy,the content of active oxygen,the activities of anti-oxidation system enzymes and the contents of antioxidants are changed,all of these are better for dormancy releasing.

Abstract:With K326 varieties in flue-cured tobacco as the test materials,ammonia collection device and glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor (Glufosinate) handling leaves and the apoplast extraction method to study the relationships between ammonia volatilization and physiological parameters related with nitrogen metabolism.The results show that:(1)GS plays a leading role as the leaf senescence,the amount of ammonia volatilization in the age of 70 d is the largest (10.96 μg·m^-2·h^-1),increased of 2.15 times compared to that of aging initial (age 40 d);Apoplastic NH₄⁺ concentration and pH,ammonia compensation point gradually increased;GS and nitrate reductase (NR) activities decreased,glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased;soluble protein and total nitrogen degradation,leaf NH₄⁺ concentration increased.(2) With GS inhibitor,leaf tissue concentrations of NH₄⁺ and ammonia compensation point increased,the amount of ammonia volatilization was increased significantly,compared with the control.(3)The amount of ammonia volatilization and apoplastic NH₄⁺ concentration,apoplastic pH and ammonia compensation point were significant or extremely significant and positively correlated;And the activity of GS was negative significantly correlated;And GDH activity was positively correlated with the concentration of NH₄⁺;and blade organization NH₄⁺ concentration and other index is not significantly related.In summary,flue-cured tobacco leaves during senescence of ammonia volatilization volume increased significantly.It is regulated directly with ammonia compensation point,GS and GDH activities,as well as adjusted indirectly with other nitrogen metabolism indexes,in which GS plays the leading role.

Abstract:Potted flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’ was used as experimental material to explore influence of light quality on carbohydrates and activity of some enzymes in the process of maturation and botanical characters.Results showed that compared with CK,invertase activity in leaves decreased under red films treatment,while amylase activity increased,contents of starch and reduced sugar increased;activity of invertase and amylase in leaves were lower under blue film treatment,contents of starch and reduced sugar were higher;and under green film treatment,invertase activity in leaves increased,amylase activity decreased,contents of starch,total sugar,and reduced sugar decreased.The growth status of performance for the red film is better and the worst is green film.There is no difference between CK and blue film.The study found that the red film to better improve the environment for the growth of the tobacco plant,the obvious adjustment the tobacco transfer enzymes and amylase activity for starch and reducing sugar accumulation is conducive to better growth of the tobacco plant.

Abstract:To study the photosynthetic characteristics and physiological characteristics under different light intensities,to know the response of the light intensity and adaptive mechanism of Rhododendron ‘Furnivall’s Daughter’,we potted 3 years old Rhododendron ‘Furnivall’s Daughter’ under four different light intensity levels:100% of full sunlight (L₁),53% of full sunlight (L₂),30% of full sunlight (L₃) and 17% of full sunlight (L₄),which were controlled by sunshade screen.The result showed that:(1)Compared with the plant growing in full sunlight,appropriate shade can effectively improve the light saturation point (LSP),decreased the light compensation point (LCP) and respiration rate in the dark (R_d),thus the shaded plants had strongernet photosynthetic rate (P_n).Under the three light intensity treatments,LCP and R_d were the lowest;LSP and light-saturated photosynthesis at ambient CO₂ concentration (P_max) were the highest in 30% of full light.L₃ was showed Rhododendron ‘Furnivall’s Daughter’ the most appropriate growth light intensity.(2)With the reduction of light intensity,chlorophyll a was dropped slightly.However,the content of chlorophyll b,nitrogen in per unit area (LNC_a) and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency (PNUE) were increased significantly.The influence of light intensity to chlorophyll b was more sensitive than that of chlorophyll a.As the results,total chlorophyll increasd obviously and the ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased.(3)The plasticity analysis showed that Rhododendron ‘Furnivall’s Daughter’ adapted to the changes of light environment mainly through the changes of P_max,LSP,LCP,R_d,PNUE and total chlorophyll.However,leaf mass per unit area (LMA),LNC_a,malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) had little contribution.

Abstract:We measured the two-year-old Zhenzhuyouxing apricot’s photosynthetic physiology parameters under different soil moister conditions (RWC is from 84.7% to 22.8%) with CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesis system.The parameters include net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,water use efficiency and intercellular CO₂ concentration.Then we investigate the effect of soil moisture and light intensities on photosynthetic.The results show that:(1)With the decreasing of soil moisture,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,dark respiration rate and light saturation point represent a tendency of decreasing;apparent quantum yield increased first,then decreased;meanwhile light compensation point decreased first,then increased.(2)When the relative soil moister were from 43.6% to 84.7%,the photosynthetic active radiation were from 800 to 2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,it is good for Zhenzhuyouxing apricot to conduct higher net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency.So we came to the conclusion that Zhenzhuyouxing apricot adapt to a wider range of soil moisture and light intensity.(3)Stomata limitation is the main reason result in lower net photosynthetic rate when the soil moister were from 43.6% to 73.5%,and non-stomatal limitation result in lower net photosynthetic rate when the relative soil water moister were less than 43.6%.Finally,we could come to the conclusion that the Zhenzhuyouxing apricot is a very strong drought resistance plant,and it is suitable to cultivating in the arid and poor mountain lands in North China.

Abstract:Based on the daily average temperature,maximum and minimum temperature data of 2 weather stations of Dingxin,Ejina Banner in the Heihe River’s downstream in 1960~2010,using the methods of climate trending rate and Mann-Kendall abrupt change test method,the characteristics and respond of Populus euphratica’s phenology to climate change was analyzed,including beginning dates,ending dates of annual growth period,the annual growth period of P.euphratica and the P.euphratica’s beginning dates of yellow leaf stage.The results showed that:(1)The mean annual temperatures in the oasis of lower reaches Heihe River was significantly warming,and the air temperature in the study area which was the oasis of Dingxin and Ejina Banner increased respectively 1.6℃ and 2.4℃ from 1960 to 2010.(2)The change trend of P.euphratica’s characteristics was different in recent 51 years.The beginning dates of annual growth of P.euphratica in the lower reaches Heihe River was becoming earlier.The beginning dates of annual growth of P.euphratica in the oasis of Dingxin and Ejina Banner were -1.46 d/10a (α=0.01)，-1.54 d/10a (α=0.02),and they were respectively earlier 7 days and 8 days in recent 51 years.The ending dates was becoming later,they were respectively later 5 days and 9 days in recent 51 years,and it was more appreciable in the oasis of Ejina,it was the most significant in 2000s among the change of decades;The growth period of P.euphratica was prolonged,and the trend of P.euphratica’s annual growth in the oasis of Ejina was more extended 0.9 d/10a than Dingxin,and the average annual length growth was shorten 1 day;the P.euphratica’s beginning dates of yellow leaf stage was becoming slightly later,but it responsed the seasonal change of the climate characteristic in a certain extent,and it was coincided that conclusions which was the temperature changes with temperature fall were not significant.(3)There was significantly different in the abrupt change about P.euphratica phenology,and it was more sensitive in the ending dates.Therefore,it was an obvious response to the climatic change of the P.euphratica in the study area,especially there was more sensitive in Ejina Banner.

Abstract:The cultures from Tripterygium wilfordii were bioassayed with Plutella xylostella insecticidal activity and to reveal the antifungal activity of T.wilfordii adventitious roots.The results showed that all cultures had obvious inhibition and toxicity effect on P.xylostella.The LC₅₀ of suspended cells and adventitious roots are all more than that of root bark,and the LC₅₀ of adventitious roots was 1.95 times of root bark.The extract of different cultures significantly inhibited the growth and development of P.xylostella.After the treatment of the adventitious roots extraction,P.xylostella showed dramatically reduction on body weight,about 70% P.xylostella died after 72 hours and the weight of the survivals decreased by 18.33% after the test.The adventitious roots inhibited the mycelial growth of 11 species of plant-pathogenic fungal in vitro.The inhibition rate of adventitious roots was exceeded 60% of 5 plant-pathogenic fungal species in vitro.It markedly inhibited the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea.The EC₅₀ value against B.cinerea was 10.074 mg/mL.The inhibitory effect of adventitious roots was exceeded the root bark in all tests.

Abstract:Metabriggsia W.T.Wang a newly recorded genus of Gesneriaceae in Yunnan is reported.The genus includs two species,namely Metabriggsia ovalifolia W.T.Wang and M.purpureotincta W.T.Wang,and is endemic to China.The genus has its main distribution in Western and Northern Guangxi and Southern Guizhou,and the discovery of M.ovalifolia in Yunnan Province has expanded its distribution record.

Abstract:Mediator is a multi-protein complex,which includes at least 25 subunits,forming a link between gene-specific transcription factors and pre-initiation complex.Mediator serves crucial functions in both protein-coding genes and noncoding RNA genes,and plays important roles in plant development and resistance.The phenotypes of individual mediator complex subunit mutants are distinct from each other,suggesting that the deletion of one mediator subunit does not interfere with transcription in general,but instead alters the expression of specific target genes.Therefore,certain developmental process in plant is regulated by specific mediator subunit genes.The clarification of the functions for individual mediator subunits is vital for fully understanding the developmental course and stress response.In this review,we discussed the roles of mediator complex in plant development combined with the new reports about mediator,and dissected the expression profiles of mediator subunits,proposed the assumption and expectation for the future study of mediator in plants.

Abstract:Gynostemma Bl.(Cucurbitaceae) is widely distributed in the tropical Asia areas,and China is the central area of geographical distribution and diversification of Gynostemma Bl..The previously studies on systematic evolution of Gynostemma Bl.polyploids suggested that the populations of the widely distributed Gynostemma pentaphyllum have experienced the processes of auto-polyploidization.Meanwhile,the phylogenetic relationships of partial Gynostemma Bl.species were constructed inferred from the morphological and molecular evidences.The molecular marker results suggested that the Gynostemma Bl.species have the low level of genetic diversity and high level of population differentiation.In addition,the molecular phylogeography results showed that the populations of Gynostemma Bl.have experienced the post-glacial expansions,the climate oscillations and environmental changes might have forced on the species divergence of the Gynostemma Bl.This review mainly focused on the above mentioned aspects and aim is to provide the scientific evidence and theoretical basis for the resource utilization,conservation and assess of the Gynostemma Bl..

Abstract:In recent decades,the research of plant responses to global climate change have been caused widely concern.Here,we briefly summarized the effects on plant sexual reproduction of many factors contributing to climate change,including warming,greenhouse gas concentrations,ultraviolet radiation and aerosol.(1)Moderate warming has advanced the flowering time of most plants,accelerating pollination and fertilization,causing separated stage between flowering and pollinator,and partly increasing plant reproductive biomass.However,severe warming produces only negative effects on plant reproduction.(2)Changed greenhouse gases concerned mainly include water vapour,CO₂ and O₃.Of these factors,water deficit and excess both decrease the plant reproductive biomass.The increase of CO₂ concentration is generally beneficial to pollination,fertilization,and reproductive biomass,which is contrary to the increase of O₃ concentration.(3)The enhanced UV-B radiation affects the flowering time and is harmful to pollination and fertilization.Its effects on reproductive biomass are complicated mostly negative but few positive.(4)The effects of increased aerosol concentration on plant reproduction depend on the aerosol loading amount,canopy structure,and environmental conditions.Finally,we conclude the weakness in most related studies in order to provide some new research approach for better understanding of the response mechanism of plants to climate change.