Abstract:A LSD1-type zinc finger protein gene,TaLOL2,was cloned from the wheat leaves infected by stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,Pst) using in silico cloning and RTPCR and its expression pattern was analyzed through qRT-PCR.(1)The full cDNA length of TaLOL2 was 1 095 bp,which encodes a 179 amino acid protein.(2)Analysis of the protein domain features indicated that TaLOL2 contains three internally conserved zf-LSD1 domains defined as CxxCxRxxLMYxxGASxVxCxxC.Multi-sequence alignment showed that TaLOL2 shares high similarity with other LSD1-type proteins in rice (Oryza sativa),Arabidopsis thaliana and barley (Hordeum vulgare),and is 86.0% identical to the rice OsLOL2.(3)Phylogenetic analysis of the zf-LSD1-containing proteins in plants demonstrated that TaLOL2 clusters with three zf-LSD1 containing proteins and shares highly homology with OsLOL2 and HvLSD1-like1.(4)Transcriptional analysis of TaLOL2 suggested that TaLOL2 was highly induced by Pst during the early infection stage of stripe rust fungus and differentially expressed during incompatible and compatible interactions between wheat and Pst.The results suggested that TaLOL2 is involved in the wheat resistance against stripe rust fungus and probably plays a role in the incompatible interaction between wheat and Pst.

Abstract:ERA1 is an important gene in control of plant stomata opening.The conserved region of the gene has been chosen to construct RNAi vector to transform Arabidopsis.Growth,stomata aperture,detached leaf water loss and expression of ERA1 and some relative genes in transgenic plants were tested to evaluate how ERA1 down regulated by siRNA and affected Arabidopsis drought tolerance.The transgenic Arabidopsis showed clear repression of ERA1 gene expression.The transgenic plants are more sensitive to ABA comparing to wild type plant:the root is significant shorter and stomata aperture is smaller when treated with ABA.Moreover,the water loss rate of siRNA transgenic plant is lower than that of wild type control.However,siRNA transgenic plant has no visible unwanted growth phenotypes like observed in knock-out mutants.qRT-PCR analysis showed that repression of ERA1 by siRNA may activate some key stress responding gene like RAB18 and RD29B.This study found that use of siRNA to suppress the ERA1 gene can enhance Arabidopsis drought tolerance without any negative growth phenotype and may positively effect Arabidopsis drought tolerance through ABA pathway.

Abstract:In order to clarify the biosynthesis of flavonoids in soybean seeds and to know the reason for flavonoids content variation among different soybean lines,PCR primers designed from the conservative domain of Chalcone Synthase (CHS) were used to isolate the CHS genes from soybean leaves by RT-PCR.As the results,three CHS genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids were cloned out and named as GmCHS1,GmCHS2 and GmCHS3.After BLAST search against the soybean genome sequencing data base,the three CHS genes are identical with Gm08g11610,Gm05g28610 and Gm08g11520,respectively.Sequences alignment results indicated these three CHS genes shared 95%~98% identity on DNA sequence,and 98% identity on amino acids sequence.6 amino acids difference was found among these three CHS.Phylogenic analysis on the amino acid sequences of CHS from soybean and some other plants showed that the three soybean CHS were closely related to Senna tora and Phaseolus vulgaris.Gene expression analysis showed that the three CHS genes were differently expressed between two lines,which may be one of the major reasons leads to the variation of flavonoids contents in seeds among different soybean lines.

Abstract:Effects of culture medium composition on callus induction,shoot regeneration and root formation from cotyledon explants in two kinds of chicory(Puna chicory and Commander chicory) were evaluated to optimize the plant regeneration system.The Aeluropus littoralis Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter (AlNHX) gene,which encodes a Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter,was introduced into chicory to evaluate their genetic transformation efficiency.The results showed that the callus induction and shoot regeneration varied from chicory genotypes.The optimum medium for Puna chicory and Commander chicory were MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA and MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,respectively.The optimum medium for Puna and Commander chicory root formation was 1/2MS+0.1 mg/L NAA.The insertion of AlNHX gene into chicory genome was confirmed by PCR.The genetic transformation efficiency of Puna chicory and Commander chicory were 10.0% and 13.3%,respectively.

Abstract:Inbred line 1507（dark green fruit skin） and inbred line 1508（white fruit skin） were used as the experiment materials for genetic analysis and gene mapping of white fruit skin in cucumber in this study.Genetic analysis showed that a single recessive nuclear gene,w,dominates the white fruit skin trait in cucumber.Bulked segregate analysis (BSA) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) technologies were employed to map w gene in F₂ population.w was mapped to a linkage group with 14 SSR markers,corresponding to chromosome 3 of cucumber.The flanking markers SSR23517 and SSR23141 were linked to the w gene with genetic distances of 4.9 and 1.9 cM,respectively.The physical distance between SSR23517 and SSR23141 was 1 150 kb based on the whole genome sequence of cucumber,and there are 500 candidate genes in this region.These results will benefit fine-mapping of w gene and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in fruit skin color cucumber breeding program.

Abstract:The 1BL/1RS translocation and 7DL.7Ag translocation have been widely used by wheat breeders to enhance agronomic performance and disease resistance.In the past decades,the introduction and application of 1BL/1RS translocation significantly increased yield potentials and adaptability in China;now it still plays an important role in wheat breeding and production.Currently,the positive effects of 7DL.7Ag translocation in terms of increasing the yield have caused attention of wheat breeders over the world.The objective of this study was to analysis the effects of 1BL/1RS and 7DL.7Ag chromosome translocations on the main agronomic,yield and quality traits in wheat.A total of 900 F₂ population and F_2∶3 family derived from the cross ‘Yunong 982’(1BL/1RS translocation)/wheatear(7DL.7Ag translocation) were planted in Yangling of Shaanxi Province during 2009～2011.This study identified the chromosome translocation types of F₂ population using SSR and STS.In addition,a total of 15 traits of the two parents,F₂ population and F_2∶3 family,such as plant height,spike length,grain number per spike,thousand-grain weight,grain weight per spike and days from emerge to maturity,were investigated (this study took the agronomic traits of F₂ population as a reference,the main agronomic traits of F_2∶3 family were this study’s key point).The F-test and multiple comparisons of the agronomic traits of no-translocation lines,homozygous 1BL/1RS translocation lines,homozygous 7DL.7Ag translocation lines and Double Translocation Lines (1BL/1RS,7DL.7Ag) in F_2∶3 family were done using the SAS8.2 System.At the same time,the effects of 1BL/1RS translocation and 7DL.7Ag translocation on wheat quality were tested.The results showed that:STS Lr19₁₃₀ maker and Xgwm428 marker were identified,which could effectively distinguish the heterozygous 7DL.7Ag translocation from homozygous 7DL.7Ag translocation when they were used together.In terms of agronomic traits and yield traits,a significantly higher grain number per spike and spikelet number,reduced plant height in 1BL/1RS translocation lines were observed.Comparing with no-7DL.7Ag lines.The 7DL.7Ag lines showed significantly higher thousand-grain weight,yield and plant height.However,a significantly lower grain number per spike and the slightly but significantly longer days from emerge to maturity in 7DL.7Ag lines were observed.Double translocation line (1BL/1RS,7DL.7Ag) showed a significantly higher spikelet number and thousand-grain weight,but a lower grain number per spike.In terms of quality traits,1BL/1RS translocation mainly affected protein quality traits such as sedimentation volume,stability,weaken degree,maximum resistance and extensibility,but it had little effect on protein quantitative traits such as protein content,wet gluten content and water absorption.7DL.7Ag translocation significantly increased sedimentation and extensograph parameter,but has no significantly effects on farniograph parameter and pasting parameter.The application of 7DL.7Ag translocation in wheat breeding may break through the bottleneck of yield and improve the quality.

Abstract:To find out difference of promoters to drive glgC expression in transgenic plants,glgC expression driven by GBSSⅠand 35S,respectively,in potato transgenic lines was screened in this study.Phenotype on tuber starch accumulation was assayed in transgenic potatoes.The result showed that glgC driven either by GBSSⅠor 35S did express in the transgenic lines.AGPase activity,tuber starch contents and starch viscosity in the transgenic lines expressing single copy of glgC were significantly higher than those in control.Tuber starch contents and starch viscosity in GBSSⅠ∶glgC line were 2 time higher than those in control.Amylose contents in GBSSⅠ∶glgC line was significantly lower than that in control.The result indicated that starch biosynthesis can be regulated by glgC expression driven by different promoters.

Abstract:The authenticity of 239 interspecific cross progenies from Vitis riparia 580×Vitis amurensis 0936 was identified by SSR markers.Twelve polymorphism primers were selected randomly between two parents by SSR markers amplified,of which 7 primers with specific bands from male parent were applied to identify the authenticity of 239 progenies.The results showed that 161 of 239 progenies were all identified to be true hybrids owing to their specific bands from male parent and morphological analysis of the field.Simultaneously,there was considerable variation in the hybrids,including some with new bands.The results suggest that SSR markers could be used as effective molecular markers for the authenticity,identification and genetic analysis of the progenies of grape.

Abstract:Eight accessions in pepper were analyzed with SRAP and SSR markers.Fifteen SRAP primers and eighteen SSR primers generated 321 and 109 fragments,respectively.The number of fragments per primer,the percentage of polymorphic loci was in turn 21.40,72.90% for SRAP markers,and 6.06,98.17% for SSR markers.Shannon’s information index (I),observed number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) based on SSR markers were bigger than those based on SRAP.The results showed that SSR markers could detect more genetic diversity in the pepper accessions.The correlation analysis among genetic similarities based on SRAP and SSR data were significantly correlated.Both SRAP and SSR dendrograms could separate Capsicum frutescens accessions in China from the same species accession in American and C.annuum accession.

Abstract:In this study,somatic chromosomes were counted and karyotypes were determined in 13 plants from a population of Allium macrostemon Bunge.(1)Three were heptaploid with karyotype 2n=7x=46m(2SAT)+10sm(2SAT) and 2B karyotype of stebbins,ten were tetraploid with 2n=4x=26m(1SAT)+6sm(1SAT) and 2B karyotype.Mixoploidy and heptaploid were reported for the first time.(2)It can be inferred that the heptaploid plants was produced via an unreduced gamete of the triploid united with an unreduced gamete of the tetraploid.The number of satellites does not match the ploidy of plants and satellites are not necessarily attached to homologues.The infraspecific ploidy increase is consistent with species evolution,the higher ploidy,the more advanced population.

Abstract:The development of embryo and endosperm of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium was studied by means of paraffin section and semi-thin section,and the developmental degree of seed at collected stage was counted.(1)The development of B.scorzonerifolium embryo belongs to the solanad type；the division of endosperm nucleus is earlier than zygote，and the development of endosperm belongs to the karyotype.(2)Statistics study on embryos in fruits at being collected stages showed that the embryo rate of globular embryo,early heart-shape embryo,late heart-shape embryowas at 26%,29.6% and 37.4% respectively.However,merely 7% was determined for fish torpedo embryo,and dicotyledonous embryo was rarely detected in the experimental fruits.Therefore,the fruits of B.scorzonerifolium were characterized by serious post-maturation phenomenon,which is the primary cause resulting in low germination percentage and irregular emergency phenomena about B.scorzonerifolium during its cultivation process.

Abstract:The spores of 30 species of Arachniodes Bl.were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results showed that:(1)The spores of 30 species were bilaterally symmetric and monolete.The laesura is 1/2 to 3/4 of the equatorial diameter.The spore is elliptic or ovoid in polar view and semicircular or subrounded in equatorial view,(25.45～43.43) μm×(18.09～31.92) μm in size.(2)Seven types of surface ornamentations are identified,which are lamellate,echinate,rugulate,alate,lophate,auriculate,scabrate.(3)The relationships of some species which were disputed for a long time were discussed,a key based on the characters of spore morphology was also provided.The results implied that:A.leuconeura is reduced to the synonym of A.assamica;A.dayaoensis is reduced to the synonym of A.nipponica;A.falcata is as a part of A.nanchuanensis;The similar spore ornamentations shared by A.obtusiloba and A.sphaerosora suggested that they were related closely.

Abstract:Aimed at Pottiaceae difficult to classify and controversial to taxonomy of most genera in this family,we chose 4 subfamilies,11 genera,13 species representative of Pottiaceae in China,then observed and compared the morphology,size,number,density and formation of the leaf cell papillae and mammillae under light microscope (LM).The results show Pottiaceae papillae and mammillae mainly have three types:rounded papillae,bifid papillae and mammillae.To different species,there are more or less differences in the morphological characters and distribution of the two structures.Based on the above results,and through comparing the descriptions of the 13 species papillae and mammillae in different literatures,we corrected the descriptions errors and provided the best-fit way to distinguish the two structures.Besides,to Pottiaceae,we think papillae and mammillae are stable characters and have important and auxiliary function for classify the Pottiaceae species among the same genus and different genera.

Abstract:Micro-morphological characters of Dioscorea in China,including shape of epidermis,feature of trichome hair,type and size of stomata,ornamentation of periclinal wall,and so on,was observed and measured using scanning electronic microscope (SEM),to provide foundation for taxonomic delimitation and phylogenetic study of Dioscorea.The results show that there are significant differences in trichome hair,epidermis and stomata among sections of Dioscorea.However,each section has its special feature.Such as quadrilateral or hexagon of epidermis and straight type of anticlinal wall in Sect.Stenophora.D.esculenta which belongs to Sect.Combilium covers a lot of T type binary trichome on vein and mesophll.Sect.Botryosicyos are with density trichome hair and tricytic stomata in Sect.Enantiophyllum.Stomatal orientation is left in Sect.Combilium,Sect.Lasiophyton and Sect.Enantiophyllum except D.decipiens.However it is right in Sect.Opsophyton,Sect.Botryosicyos and Sect.Shannicorea.The results indicate that micro-morphological characters of Dioscorea are relatively stable,which could be used as classification and identification of this genus in China.As a result,we conduct that Sect.Shannicorea and Sect.Enantiophyllum are more evolutionary,while Sect.Stenophora is center of variation of Dioscorea.The taxonomic treatments of controversial species were discussed at last,such as,D.zingiberensis,D.sinoparviflora,D.nipponica ssp.nipponica,D.nipponica ssp.rosthornii,D.simulans,D.decipiens and D.hispida.

Abstract:The leaf epidermal cell micromorphology of 10 species and 4 variations from five different groups of Potentilla L.of Xinjiang were investigated under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The type of epidermal hairs,the size and shape of epidermal cells,the distribution and type of stomatal apparatus were studied.The stomatal size,stomatal density,and stomatal index were measured and counted.The shape and the ornamentation of outer stomatal rim were described.The results showed that there were stomatal apparatus on lower epidermal of all the 10 studied species and 4 variations.The shapes of stomatal apparatus are oblong oval,oval,broadly oval and suborbicular.The stomatal apparatus of most species are short paracytic four-cell type,irregular four-cell type,irregular type,around type and radial type.The trichomes are needle-like hairs or ribbon pubescent hairs.The epidermal cells are polygonal to irregular.The characters of stomatal apparatus,stomatal index,wax ornamentation and trichomes are all obviously different among different species in genus Potentilla L.The leaf epidermal morphological characters could provide evidence to identify species,classify subgenus and study the systematic relationships of taxons of Potentilla L.

Abstract:A transgenic cultivar of sweet potato (TS) bearing Cu/Zn-SOD and APX genes and non-transgenic control cultivar (NT) were grown in pots under three different water treatments,including control treatment (80% of soil moisture),moderate drought stress (60% of soil moisture) and serious drought stress (40% of soil moisture).At 20 and 70 day of the stress treatments,the antioxidant enzymes,the content of soluble sugar,the photosynthetic system of TS and NT were assayed respectively,in addition with the final yield formation and the long-term water use efficiency.We studied the differences between TS and NT,in order to find out whether the over-expression of exogenous genes could enhance the yield formation and water use efficiency of sweet potato.The results showed that:(1)The activities of SOD and APX,as well as the soluble sugar content were higher in TS than that in NT,while POD showed an opposite manner.The activity of APX,contents of soluble sugars and photosynthetic rates and transpiration rate are all declined in both sweet potato types with increasing drought stress.(2)Although the photosynthetic parameters decreased from 20 d to 70 d of stress in two plant types,photosynthetic rates have no significant difference between TS and NT.(3)The yield formation of the two plant types showed the highest under moderate stress and the lowest under serious stress,respectively.Transgenic sweet potato has a higher yield formation and a smaller decrease tendency of yield formation under serious stress compared with non-transgenic sweet potato.(4)The stomatal conductances and transpiration rates of TS under the three drought treatments were significantly lower than that of NT,which resulting in a higher WUE in TS.In conclusion,the genes of Cu/Zn-SOD and APX could enhance the activities of SOD and APX,the content of soluble sugar and the water use efficiency of transgenic potato during the formation of potato tuber under drought stress.Thereafter,the yield formation could be better protected from drought stress.

Abstract:A xantha rice mutant was used as the material,which was subjected to high temperature stress treatment (9:30～17:30,40℃；the temperature of other time period was the same as natural),to study the impact of photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure on its flag leaves in high-temperature stress.The results showed:during the high temperature stress period,the flag leaves net photosynthetic rate(P_n),PSⅡ primary photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m),PSⅡ optical quantum efficiency(ф_PSⅡ),acyclic photosynthetic electron transfer rate(ETR),the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased,but initial fluorescence(F₀) and Membrane permeability increased.Grana lamellae structure of chloroplast in blades was rough and disordered,the membrane number of grana lamellae structure was relatively less,matrix fades.All above indicated that high temperature stress caused destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure in xantha rice mutant and decrease of blades photosynthetic capacity.

Abstract:The objective of this work was by testing imbibition,seed germination,some physiological indices between the different stratification time and germination inhibitor assay;chemical treatments were implemented to reveal the seed of dormancy mechanism and to research the effective dormancy breaking method of Styrax tonkinensis seeds with shells,which was 5 years form guanshan forest farm in Ji’an Jiangxi.The results indicated that:(1)The reason of seed dormancy includes episperm barrier,deficient of germination hormones and germination inhibitors existing in both embryo and episperm;and episperm barrier and the existence of germination inhibitors are the primary limit factors.(2)The embryo dormancy of S.tonkinensis can be relieved after GA₃ treatment and stratification at natural low temperature for 30 days,but episperm barrier is always the key constraint factor for its dormancy.(3)The chemicals such as GA₃,NAA and 6-BA etc.treatments were used to improve the germination rate of S.tonkinensis seeds;one of the effective ways is by 500 mg/L GA₃ treatments 24 h for the carved seeds.

Abstract:Polytrichum commune from relative drought habitat and Plagiomnium acutum from wet habitat were used as materials,their difference in reactive oxygen species metabolism,lipid peroxidation and response of antioxidative system were studied under dehydration and rehydration stress.(1)During process of dehydration and rehydration,moisture content alternation under summer sunlight is similar to changes on silica gel fast desiccation.(2)Membrane permeability of P.acutum recovered rapidly after rehydration,but its alternation was dramatic.On contrary,permeability of P.commune sustained a stable lower level.(3)In the procedure of desiccation and rehydration,malondiadehyde (MDA) content of both bryophytes displayed opposite trends of moisture content alternation,that is to say,increased under desiccation and then decreased under rehydration,and content in P.commune was obviously lower than that in P.acutum.(4)During dehydration and rehydration,superoxide anion (O^-·₂) reproductive rate and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content of both species manifested a tendency similar to MDA content,and their value in P.commune was obviously higher than that in P.acutum.(5)Induced by ROS,activities of antioxidative enzymes of both bryophytes,such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) manifested the same tendency of ROS alternation,in other words,possessed a peak during dehydration and rehydration,and their activities in P.commune was much more sensitive to dehydration oxidative stress than that in P.acutum.(6)The ascorbic acid (AsA) content decreased under desiccation and then increased under rehydration, and content in P.commune was obviously lower than that in P.acutum.Results mentioned above indicated that both bryophytes contains powerful ability to adapt desiccation oxidative stress,especially,the repair ability in rehydration process.Nevertheless,bryophytes from deferent habitat should reflect distinct response on desiccation.P.commune from relative drought habitat possess stronger desiccation tolerance than P.acutum from wet habitat for its higher antioxidtive ability.

Abstract:In this study,the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC;soluble sugars and starches) of the current-year leaves were investigated in young and adult trees of Sabina przewalskii along altitude nearby the timberline of Qilian Mountains.The results demonstrated that:(1)Total chlorophyll contents firstly increased,and then decreased,finally increased again in young trees,while it firstly decreased,and then increased in adult trees,but the lowest values occurred at 3 120 m in both trees.However,the highest value of carotenoid appeared at 2 980 m in young trees,whereas it was at 3 320 m in adult trees.(2)NSC content showed the similar trend to total chlorophyll contents,moreover,the lowest values also occurred at 3 120 m in both trees;but NSC contents of the young trees were higher than that of the adult ones at the corresponding altitude.These suggested that the photosynthetic capacity of S.przewalskii might not decrease with the increasing altitude,and NSC supplied adequately at the higher altitude,which also indicated that the timberline of Qilian Mountains would have the potential to be pushed up to the higher altitude with the global climate changes.

Abstract:To determine the germination and morphological response of Yellow Horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) to soil moisture and drought stress,seed germination and seedling growth of Yellow Horn were assessed under controlled conditions that simulated drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) in seed germination box.Water stress was supplied through incubation in seven different concentrations (5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30% and 35%) of PEG-6000 that provide solutions with water potentials being separately -0.58,-1.66,-3.25,-5.34,-7.94,-11.05 and -14.66 MPa.The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design with one factor.The results showed that:(1)The germination capacity,planting percent,root length and relative permeability of cell membrane decreased with a decrease in osmotic potential,whereas free proline content,MDA content and the number of roots of seedling increased.(2)The seed germination,planting percent and the number of roots in 5% of PEG concentration was higher than that of control treatment,and mortality was lower.At the same time,seedling height in 5%~10% of PEG concentreation was higher than that of control treatment,but did not differ significantly from control.(3)More dramatic differences between PEG concentration were evident when the effects of water stress on seed germination,planting percent,mortality,root length,the number of roots and free proline content,MDA content and relative permeability of cell membrane were evaluated.These findings form the rang of water potential which Yellow Horn can suffer from was -7.94~-11.05 MPa.

Abstract:The ROS metabolize and root growth of Vigna unguiculata L.cultivar ‘T6’(Al-tolerant) and ‘S3’(Al-sensitive) root tip was measured to analyze the relative between Al tolerance and ROS metabolize.The results show that:(1)The root length of ‘T6’ and ‘S3’ was inhibited with the increase of Al,the decrease of ‘S3’ was larger than that of ‘T6’.(2)The superoxide anion radical (O^-·₂),H₂O₂ content,MDA content and plasma-membrane permeability of ‘T6’ and ‘S3’ root tip increase significantly by Al increase from 0 to 500 μmol·L^-1,but ‘S3’ made more increase than that of ‘T6’.(3)The SOD,POD,CAT,APX,GR,AsA,GSH of ‘T6’ and ‘S3’ root tip increased after exposure to 0 to 500 μmol·L^-1 Al.The increase range of SOD of ‘S3’ root tip was higher than that of ‘T6’,but increase range of POD,CAT,APX of ‘S3’ root tip were lower than that of ‘T6’.We presume that ‘S3’ root tip accumulated more ROS and increased the oxidative stress,then result in the inhibition of root growth.

Abstract:Effect of four fertilizing modes (CK,A1,A2,A3) on bio-mass,sugar contents and the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes of two sweet sorghum varieties（XT-2 & T601）were researched by using field experiment.Result showed:(1)The fertilizing modes had not an effect on growing days.The bio-mass of XT-2 in topdressing treatment A3 with N,P,K fertilizer was the highest,it was 54 916.96 kg/hm²,the bio-mass of T601 in full base P,K fertilizer treatment A1 was the highest,it was 64 136.60 kg/hm²,their yield increasing rates to CK were 14.96%,10.48%,respectively.(2)The changing trends of total sugar content and sucrose content are basically identical.The sugar content in jointing stage was lower,total sugar accumulated the highest value in flag leaf stage.The total sugar content of XT-2 in A3 treatment was the highest,it was 12.7% FW;(3)The effect of fertilizing mode on SPS & SS enzyme activities in stem was very obvious,SPS and SS activities of T601 A3 and XT-2-A1 were the strongest,they were 266.74,431.21 mg·g^-1·h^-1,respectively,and significantly different to other treatments.The fertilizing mode significantly increased the bio-mass,the sugar contents and enzyme activities(SS and SPS) of sweet sorghum.By this way the quality and yields were increased effectively.

Abstract:In this paper,Fraxinus mandshurica open-pollinated progeny and hybrids between F.mandshurica and Fraxinus americana ［some of pollens were treated by high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF)］ were selected as the experimental materials.The growth，photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content under drought stress were studied.The results are as follows:(1)The decrease of the F₁ net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under drought stress were 5.1%,27.55% and 12.05% lower than that of F.mandshurica open-pollinated progeny,respectively.The decrease of F₁ chlorophyll content was lower than that of M₇S and M₈S.The ability of F₁ chlorophyll recovery was also stronger.(2)The F₁ photosynthetic indices were influenced obviously by female effect.(3) F₁ seedlings of pollen treated by HVEF showed higher drought resistance than that of control plants (pollens not be treated ).While net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were effectively suppressed to decrease by HVEF.However,the photosynthetic physiological characteristics indicated that different hybrids treated by the HVEF on pollen showed difference.(4)M₈A_4T and M₇A_2T enjoyed obvious disadvantage.M₈A_2T showed sensitive drought resistance but also showed very strong resilience.The preliminary research reveals the physiological response of F₁ photosynthetic characteristics under drought stress in order to provide fine tree species for arid and semi-arid areas.

Abstract:Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.is the most important constructive species of wild fruit forests in the Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China.Our objective was to clarify the existence status and photosynthetic characteristics of A.vulgaris and the relationships between wild fruit forest and some eco-physiological factors.Saplings of A.vulgaris were selected at the Center for Research and Development of Wild-Fruit Forest Resources,Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang Province,China.And the response of photosynthetic rate to photosynthetic effective radiation,diurnal change of photosynthetic rate and eco-physiology factors,were analyzed in situ by Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis Analysis System under natural conditions,Relative analysis,path coefficient analysis and stepwise regression equation were used to discuss how related factors influenced diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate.The results showed that:(1)The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax) and light compensation point (LSP) were 12.63 and 1 389.44 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,respectively.It is a heliophilous plant.(2)Diurnal change of P_n showed a unimodal curve in sunny days.But the diurnal change of P_n showed a bimodal curve in cloudy days,and there was obvious midday depression of photosynthesis,because of the non-stomata limitation,which indicated the degree of photoinhibition reduced in cloudy days.(3)The reduction of photoinhibition was caused by the decrease of leaf temperature (T_l).Stomatal conductance was positive correlation with both P_n and transpiration rate (T_r).With the increase of T_l,P_n,G_s and T_r exhibited a unimodal curve in sunny days.However,in cloudy days,P_n and T_r was positive correlation with T_l,whereas G_s was negative with T_l.The decrease of G_s due to T_l exceeding the optimal value was an important reason for the appearance of severe photoinhibition in sunny days.The decrease of T_r by closing stomata quickly controlled the lose of water to the utmost extent,in spite of leading to the increase of T_l and decrease of P_n,which was one of the important physiological characteristics for A.vulgaris to distribute the arid adret.(4)The main physiological factor affecting the characteristic of P_n of A.vulgaris was G_s,C_i was the main limiting factor;and the main ecological factor was RH,T_a was the limiting factor both in sunny days and cloudy days.The results indicated that A.vulgaris adapt to high-light’s capability,it is a heliophilous plant,and the photosynthesis were no visible inhibition in cloudy days,while the environmental conditions under forest crown artificial accommodated to suit the self-restoration of A.vulgaris population.

Abstract:Based on located monitoring,morphological characteristics,biomass,photosynthesis and resource utilization of Vetiveria zizanioides at flooded and non-flooded areas were studied on the hydro-fluctuation belts in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the adaptation mechanism was discussed.The results showed that:(1)V.zizanioides can still live within 4 months of yearly flooding at the maximum depth of 9 m.(2)Compared with the V.zizanioides at the non-flooded area,most of the aboveground morphological characteristics of V.zizanioides at the flooded area decreased and the margin varied as the time of restore growth varied.(3)The total biomass,aboveground biomass,T_r,G_s,C_i decreased by 10.58%,48.46%,20.75%,9.19% and 10.04%,respectively,and root diameter,root length,root number,root spread range,underground biomass,underground and aboveground biomass ratio,P_n,WUE and CUE increased by 12.50%,24.13%,19.09%,78.46%,30.04%,151.71%,7.23%,36.47% and 63.64%,respectively.Increasing root tillering and growth,leaf length,underground biomass and underground biomass allocation and improving water and CO₂ utilization while decreasing plant height and transpiration improving were the adaptation strategy of V.zizanioides in the Three Gorges Reservoir to flooding-drying habitat changes.

Abstract:The resource and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in four sampling areas in Qiandongshan Pb-Zn mine,Fengxian County,Shaanxi Province,was investigated.(1)In the mine where the Pb and Zn concentrations were below the third level of national environmental quality standard,fifteen plant species were collected,and twelve of them were found establish dual symbiosis with AMF and DSE except for Pistacia chinensis,Quercus variabilis and Rumex acetosa.P.chinensis could only be infected by AMF,while Q.variabilis and R.acetosa could only be infected by DSE.However,the average AMF and DSE colonization of all plant species in the mine were low,only 32.3% (AMF) and 25.9% (DSE).In the slightly Pb and Zn polluted tailing wasteland,the average root colonization of AMF and DSE was 53.3% and 38.6%,respectively.In the moderately Pb polluted and severely Zn polluted tailing dam,the average AMF and DSE colonization was 68.3% and 54.2%,respectively.The average mycorrhizal colonization in tailing wasteland and tailing dam were higher than the control mine.In the severely Pb and Zn polluted abandoned smelter,the average AMF colonization decreased to 17.6%,but the DSE colonization still maintained at 60.3%.(2)The AMF spores in the four sites were maldistribution and the spore density per gram soil ranged from 0.08 to 6.84 and the average density per gram soil was 1.5.After we investigated the AMF and DSE colonization status of the common plants,Sophora viciifolia,Macleaya cordata,Artemisia brachyloba,and Saussurea tsinlingensis,we found that slight and moderate pollution promoted the establishment of the symbiotic relationship between AMF and their hosts.However,severe pollution inhibited the infection;No significant relationship was found between AMF spore density and colonization;DSE colonization was significantly positive correlated with soil Zn concentration (r=0.505,P＜0.05),but had no significant correlation with soil Pb concentration.These results indicated that AMF and DSE commonly occur in Qiandongshan Pb-Zn mine,especially DSE has excellent heavy metal tolerance and adaptability.

Abstract:According to two years’ field investigation,identification and literature survey,we discussed mosses floral composition and their characteristics in Wanglang National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province,China.Then we clarified their distribution in different forest types (virgin forest,secondary forest,and the planted forest).By comparing the data of the mosses in Wanglang Nature Reserve and other six areas around (Yushu,Foping,Shennongjia,Mt.Emei,Mt.Jinfu,Mt.Dawei),this paper summarized the relationships between Wanglang Nature Reserve and the other six areas around.Conclusions can be summarized as follows:(1)Species of mosses in Wanglang Nature Reserve were rich.A totle of 227 species (including five varieties) belonging to 33 families,111 genera were found.(2)The dominate mosses floras of Wanglang Nature Reserve were North Temperate,East Asia,and Endemic to China.(3)The mosses genera of Wanglang Nature Reserve were obviously different in different forest types.The number of common genera was 40 (36.04% of the number of total genera of mosses in Wanglang Nature Reserve),and that of uncommon genera was 71 (63.96% of the number of total genera of mosses in Wanglang Nature Reserve).And,among the three different forest types,secondary forest had the highest species richness,followed by the virgin forest,and then the planted forest.(4)Mosses in Wanglang Nature Reserve were similar to Foping and Mt.Emei Nature Reserve.The similarity coefficient of genus reached up to 60%,and the similarity coefficient of species was more than 35%.

Abstract:Adventitious buds were induced from peduncle buds and leaves of nine Phalaenopsis varieties on the same media,so as to compare the differences of shoot induction rates and propagation coefficients among varieties.On the basis of above results,three representative varieties,‘Neyshan guniang’,‘Brother Dream “L” ’ and ‘Kaleidoscope’ were selected,which had the maximum,medium and minimum propagation coefficient,respectively,to optimize the adventitious bud propagation condition.Meanwhile,the effects of heat-shock treatment on explants browning were studied with the highest browning degree variety ‘Neyshan guniang’.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences on adventitious bud induction rates among different varieties,and so were propagation/differentiation coefficients.In the experiment,it had been observed that high flower stalk bud induction rates and propagation coefficients were accompanied with high leaf in vitro shoot induction rates and differentiation coefficients.(2)The major influence factor of shoot proliferation in vitro was 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA),followed by coconut milk.The suitable medium for adventitious bud propagation of ‘Neyshan guniang’ and ‘Brother Dream “L” ’ was 1/2 MS+7.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA+100 mL·L^-1 coconut milk,and the medium 1/2MS+5.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA+50 mL·L^-1 coconut milk was appropriate for the adventitious bud propagation of ‘Kaleidoscope’.(3)Explants browning could be significantly inhibited by heat shock at 40℃ for 9 min.Browning index,total phenol content and PAL activity were significantly below against CK in leaves cultured after heat shock treatments,and they had very significantly positive correlation.These proved that short time of heat-shock could reduce PAL activity and phenol compounds accumulation,thus reduce brown injury in the process of culture.

Abstract:A total of 57 samples were collected in May (Spring),July (Summer) and October (Autumn) 2011 from Zhalong National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province,China.In the process of identity,six taxa belonging to 5 genera were newly recorded in China,they are Cosmocladium pusillum Hilse,Cosmarium medioretusum Coesel,Cosmarium subprotumidum var.pyramidale Coesel,Actinotaenium diplosporum var.americanum (West et West) Teiling,Staurastrum bibrachiatum var.elegans (West et West) Prescott,Xanthidium cristatum var.uncinatum f.polonicum Gutwingski.

Abstract:New records of angiosperm taxa in Inner Mongolia are reported.Among those,Milium L.is a newly recorded genus,Plantago komarovii Pavl.and Milium effusum L.are two newly recorded species.