Abstract:VqDSTS1,was isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession ‘Danfeng-2’,and the sequence and expression model then was analyzed.The results suggested the full length cDNA sequence of VqDSTS1 was 1 179 bp,and the accession number of VqDSTS1 was JQ342086,and encoded 392 amino acid residues.Detailed analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that VqDSTS1 contained “IPNSAGAIAGN” and “GVLFGFGPGLT” which could be found in all stilbene synthase gene family.With alignment of amino acid sequences,VqDSTS1 shared highly identity between 95.2%~98.7% with the stilbene synthase of other Vitis.From the analysis of semi-quantitative RT-PCR,it was found that the VqDSTS1 expression is introduced by powdery mildew with twin-peak model.This work would make a foundation to investigate the function of stilbene synthase gene family from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession ‘Danfeng-2’.

Abstract:Two floweringrelated MADS-box genes,named as AfAP3 and AfPI were cloned from flower bud of Aechmea fasciata through designing degenerate primer and RACE technology.The full cDNA fragment of AfAP3 was 957 bp and coded a polypeptide of 226 amino acids.The full cDNA fragment of AfPI was 808 bp and coded a polypeptide of 198 amino acids.Both genes had a typical MADS-box domain.RT-PCR analysis showed that these two genes were main expressed in floral organs;on the other hand,they were also expressed a little in root.After flower induction by exogenous ethylene,AfPI gene began to express in stem tip at 7 d,AfAP3 gene began to express later.

Abstract:Hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) is one of the key enzymes in plant chlorogenic acid synthesis.In this study,we isolated HCT gene by homologous cloning method from ‘Yali’,and named as PbHCT3.The full length of PbHCT3 cDNA is 1 731 bp,and the 1 317 bp open reading frame encodes 438 amino acids which containing two conservative sequences HHXXD and DFGWG and conservative structure MVVNVTVRES domain of acyltransferase.Realtime PCR analysis indicated that PbHCT3 showed a higher expression in peel,pulp and core of young fruit,young leaves,and alabastrum,but the expression in fruit decreased with the fruit growth.These results suggested the PbHCT3 is closely related to growth and development of younger tissue in ‘Yali’.

Abstract:Enolase catalyze only one-step dehydration reaction in glycolytic pathway,and relate closely to plant stress resistance.Based on EST monoclones of enolase gene obtained from bromeliads full length cDNA library of ornamental bromeliads,its full length cDNA sequence was obtained by Primer Walking sequencing.The gene,named for GoEnolase1 (GenBank accession No.JN896863),consisted of 1 703 bp cDNA sequence,1 335 bp ORF(open reading frame) which encoded a protein with 445 amino acids residues,and a putative protein which was 47.9 kD at estimated molecular weight,5.7 at isoelectric point and had a ‘TIM-phosphate-binding superfamily’ conservative domain.The secondary structure of the protein was composed of alpha helix (44.49%),random coil (33.71%),extend strand (13.71%) and beta turn (8.09%) by SPOMA analysis.Furthermore,its tertiary structure was also build based on A chain of 2PSN.Through phylogenetic tree analysis,GoEnolase1 was gather to a same group with enolase protein in Oryza sativa,Zea mays and Elaeis guineensis.The research was beneficial to breeding for stress resistance in ornamental bromeliads.

Abstract:GFP gene was amplified by PCR using the plasmid of pMCB30 as template,and the corrected GFP fragment was ligated into the plant expression vector of pCMBIA2300-35S-OCS.The p35S:GFP vector was transformed into Agrobacterium GV3101,then p35S:GFP transferred into Olimarabidopsis pumila and Arabidopsis thaliana through Agrobacterium-mediated method.2 independent plants of T₁ generation of transgenic O.pumila and 9 independent plants of T₁ generation of transgenic A.thaliana were screened on 1/2 MS medium containing kanamycin.GFP protein can be detected in the root tip cells of transgenic O.pumila and A.thaliana by confocal laser microscopy.GFP gene was confirmed by PCR amplification using DNA of transgenic plants,indicated that GFP gene had been successfully transformed into transgenic plants.The study layed foundations for further using of GFP gene and set up the genetic transformation system of O.pumila,which will benefit a lot in further study of the functional genes of O.pumila.

Abstract:Two pairs of gene specific primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of CMe-ERF1 and CMe-ERF2 genes from melon in GenBank.The full-length coding regions of the CMe-ERF1 and CMe-ERF2 cDNA,which were 498 bp and 822 bp respectively,were cloned by RT-PCR from ripening fruit of melon cv.Hetao.Sequence analysis indicated that the cDNA sequences were consistent with that of reported melon CMe-ERFs cDNA.Expression levels of CMe-ERF1 and CMe-ERF2 mRNA were investigated at different development stages of melon fruit by qPCR,and showed that the expression levels of these genes were highly relative to fruit ripening and ethylene production.The results indicate the genes might play important role in fruit ripening.

Abstract:Based on the cDNA sequence of msLTP related to male sterility of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.communis,syn.B.rapa ssp.chinensis var.communis),a pair of specific primers were designed and a 312 bp fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi.The fragment was introduced to binary vector pBI121,and the generated antisene RNA vector was then mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404.The A.tumefaciens harboring the msLTP fragment was transformed to flowering Chinese cabbage (B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.parachinensis) via tissue culture and Agrobacteriummediated transformation.The transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot,and 25 independent transgenic plants were obtained.The pollen grains from transgenic plants exhibited abnormal shapes,and only 38.56% of pollen grains from these plants germinated normally.The germination rate was reduced 37.76 percentage points than that of pollen grains from nontransgenic plants (76.32%).These results indicated that msLTP gene interrupted by antisense RNA resulted in partial pollen grains abortion in flowering Chinese cabbage,suggesting that msLTP gene possesses an important role in pollen development of Chinese cabbage crops such as Chinese cabbage-pak-choi and flowering Chinese cabbage.

Abstract:A population of transgenic plants was produced by the transformation of internodal explants of potato using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404-based vector containing a gomphosis gene (P_SAG12-ipt).The results showed that intermodal explants were more effective for transformation than leaf explants.The regeneration strategy utilised a three-step protocol,a 2 days pre-culture on the MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) 0.25 mg/L,α-naphythy lacetic acid (NAA) 0.25 mg/L,2,4-dichlorophenacetic acid (2,4-D) 0.25 mg/L，and supplemented 1% Na₂SO₃,followed the explants of pre-culture were incubated 8 min in Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 suspension (OD₆₀₀ 0.2~0.5),last,the explants were co-cultured 3 days on basal medium without supplemented any phytohormones.After 3 days co-cultivation,the explants of internode and leaf were transferred to basal medium supplemented phytohormones,1% Na₂SO₃,200 mg/L cefotaxime and 75 mg/L kanamycin until to regenerated plants.Transgenic plants were identified utilizing P_SAG12 and ipt gene dual primer by PCR.The positive transformation rate was 65.8%.Southern blotting analysis identification showed that most ipt gene were induced into potato genome only one copy.

Abstract:The glutenin and gliadin in the Aegilops tauschii×Secale cereale amphiploid with increasing genetic stability were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE methods.The results showed that 3 bands of the amphiploid were detected in the HMW region,where in the first and the third bands have the same size with the 5^t and 10^t subunits of the parent A.tauschii.The second band was a new glutenin band which could not be found from its two parents.2^r and 6.5^r subunits of S.cereale could not be found in the amphiploid.In the LMW region,4 and 2 bands were not observed in their corresponding amphiploid for S.cereale and A.tauschii,respectively.In the γ and β regions of gliadin,there were altogether 5 bands of S.cereale not detected in the amphiploid and only 1 band was missed for A.tauschii in the ω region.The above results indicated that great changes have taken place between the two parental genomes controlling storage proten in the amphiploid.Compared with that of A.tauschii,greater changes have experienced in the storage proteins controlled by S.cereale.The inheritance mode of storage protein genes in the amphiploid appeared nonadditive effects.

Abstract:Using TEM,SEM,and traditional paraffin section,we studied the process of megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis and the development of female and male gametophyte of Shibataea chinensis.The anther wall consisted of four layers.They were epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and tapetum.The development of anther wall belonged to the monocotyledonous type.The tapetum is glandular.The cytokinensis was successive and the microspore tetrads are bilaterally symmetrical.Most mature pollen grains are 2-celled with one germinal aperture.The simple ovary consisted of two carpels.Single ovule with parietal placenta was anatropous,double integument and tenuinucellatae.The megasporocyte underwent meiotic division to form four megaspores arranged in a line,and the micropylar megaspore was the functional one.The reason for the no seed-setting rate is discussed.

Abstract:The sporophytic morphology of five Pteris was studied by using optical microscope in order to explore the relations between morphology and systematic position of Pteris,in hopes provide new reference and basis for further classification of the genus.The results show that the basic stomatal types of the 5 species are axillocytic type and polocytic type.Venation type is the pinnate separation and no mesh form.The lateral venations are the once bifurcated parallel distribution;The vascular bundle in xylem of the 5 species are mainly simple columnar type tubular column,sometimes are double pillar mesh column.The tracheary elements widely existed in vessel elements and tracheid only found in P.vittata and P.ensiformis cv.“victoriae”,among them,Pteris multifida without pit membrane residuary.The results of the comprehensive analysis show that P.vittata and P.ensiformis cv.“victoriae” are relatively primitive;while,P.aspericaulis,P.multifida and Pteris excelsa are more close and development.

Abstract:The stomatocysts formation and morphotype of Synura petersenii Korshikov were observed and described in LM and SEM.S.petersenii is cosmopolitan distributed and can be divided into various forms or varieties according to shape and ultrastructure of the scales.The morphotypes of the stomatocysts are rather than one.We identified two formae and linked them with the stomatocysts.

Abstract:The roots development and accumulation of saponins of a medicinal licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.were investigated by means of anatomic,histochemical and chemical analysis methods.The results showed that:(1)Saponins distributed mainly in the phloem parenchyma cells and ray cells of the roots.The content of total saponins in different tissues of taproot was varied.The highest one was in phloem,while the lowest in the root bark,between them was in xylem.(2)The accumulation of saponins was significantly increased with the roots growing ages.The content of total saponins in 3years roots was the highest.The results suggested that the accumulation of saponins in G.uralensis taproot was positively correlated with root secondary growth.It is like to provide a further understanding on the internal mechanism of the quality formation of medicinal licorice,and to improve the cultivation of medicinal licorice.

Abstract:The effects of the plant cytoskeleton labels,GFP-FABD2 and GFP-MBD were investigated on Arabidopsis callus induction,suspension cells cultivation and capacity of response to stress.The results showed that the expression of these two fusion proteins diversely effected the callus induction and suspension cell growth.(1)GFP-MBD expression extended the time of callus induction,altered the callus morphology,reduced the quantity of callus to 59% of wild type,decreased the major/minor axial ratio of suspension cells to 1.20±0.21,reduced the relative viability of 7-day-old suspension cultures to 0.66±0.09 and altered cell growth curve.(2)GFP-FABD2 expression had no apparent effects on callus,but it significantly increased the major/minor axial ratio of suspension cells to 2.49±1.18,reduced the relative viability of 7-day-old suspension cultures to 0.87±0.06 and effected cell growth curve.(3)These effects can be restored by adjusting the hormone level.(4)In the optimized condition,we did not score any significant deviation in temperature,osmotic pressure,mechanical stress and other stress from those found in wild type Arabidopsis suspension cells.

Abstract:During the period of senescence of eucalyptuses (Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla) cultivars ‘3229’ and ‘U6’ phellogen,a comparative study on changes of antioxidant enzymes,chlorophyll content,the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂),activities of lipoxygenase (LOX) and DNA dynamic changes were conducted.Data showed that chlorophyll content decreased,but the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ and activity of LOX increased in both cultivars ‘3229’ and ‘U6’.In ‘3229’,the sample collected at the ripe stage of new phellogen formation (NPF) showed significantly high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to that collected at the early and detached stage of NPF,while the latter two had no significant difference in enzyme activity.In ‘U6’,however,no significant difference was found among the samplings for different batches,although the sample of the ripe stage of NPF displayed the highest SOD activity.Activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) significantly increased from the early to ripe stage of NPF and thereafter,declined.In ‘3229’,peroxidase (POD) activity significantly increased between the ripe and detached stage of NPF,but in ‘U6’,it did between the early and ripe stage of NPF.DNA ladders were also observed in the eucalyptuses phellogen.The results suggested that senescence in eucalyptuses phellogen could involve programmed cell death (PCD),reduced antioxidant activity and increased H₂O₂.

Abstract:In this study,Ulmus pumila L.seeds were used to investigate characters of nuclear apoptosis,the reactive oxygen species and the activity of caspase-3 after artificially aging at 37℃ and 100% relative humidity (RH) by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM),DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and TUNEL staining method and caspase-3 detection kit,respectively.The results indicated that the nuclear chromatin appeared to be condensation and shrinkage with the increasing of the ageing time.Some nuclei dissociated into pieces and were released from the cells.The apoptosis was firstly observed in the epidermal cells,and was later found in the cotyledons and hypocotyls.This research also showed the distinct spatial-temporal signature of ROS during ageing coincided with the changes in PCD (programmed cell death) hallmark features,and the signal intensity of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was gradually increased at 5 d.The activity of caspase was higher in the cytoplasm.Our data indicate that the ROS and caspase-3-like also act as PCD mediators in the process induced by aging.

Abstract:In order to study the effects of activated carbon on the roots growth,C and N metabolism and protective enzymes of ‘Heifeng No.1’ in Shanxi,various doses of activated carbon(0,2.5,5.0,7.5 and 10 g/kg) were added into soil in greenhouse pot.Results showed that:(1)With the concentration of activated carbon increasing,the roots growth showed an optimal performance and the average diameter showed a minimum value;Total root length,total surface areas,total volume,root active absorbing areas and the number were improved significantly (P<0.05) with 5.0 (B_5.0) and 7.5 (B_7.5) g/kg activated carbon applied,but the root grew weak with 10 g/kg activated carbon(B₁₀).(2)With the concentration of activated carbon increasing,the activity of invertase reached a peak at B_5.0,and then decreased gradually in pot culture;Invertase activity and soluble sugar content were increased significantly (P<0.01) treated by 2.5 (B_2.5) and 5.0 (B_5.0) g/kg activated carbon,and B_7.5 and B₁₀ performed similar to the control (CK).(3)With the concentration of activated carbon increasing,the activity of GS increased and then decreased gradually in culture;The activities of GS were increased significantly (P<0.01) treated by 5.0 (B_5.0) and 7.5 (B_7.5) g/kg activated carbon;and protein content at B_7.5 was improved as well.(4)With activated carbon added increasing,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT also got a maximum and then changed very little with the culture time;The activities of SOD,POD and CAT at B_2.5 were much higher than that of CK.Therefore,we concluded that certain activated carbon could improve the metabolism,activities of protective enzymes and root growth.

Abstract:In order to elucidate the mechanism of bacterial wilt resistance in grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.),Changes of root characteristics of grafted (‘Xinfeng 2’ scion grafted onto ‘Weishi’) and own-root plants (‘Xinfeng 2’,control) of pepper,quantity of microorganism and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil were investigated by manual inoculation.The results showed that the root weight,total length,volume,surface area,root tips and forks,root activity,actinomyces quantity and ratio,and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO),peroxidase (POD) and dehydrogenase in grafted peppers increased significantly compared with those of control before inoculation.After inoculation,grafted plants showed a less damage in root than that of control plants.Grafted peppers had significant higher root weight,total length,volume,surface area,root tips and fork,root activity,quantity of microorganism and actinomyces ratio,and soil enzyme activities,in comparison with control.These data indicated that the observed increase in root system,root activity,quantity of microorganism,ratio of actinomyces,and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of grafted peppers are main reasons of enhancement of bacterial wilt resistance.

Abstract:The effect of oxalate,MB,EGTA,chlorpromazine (CPZ) and Li⁺ on the POD activity and the disease index of Pseudoperonospora cubensis leaves was investigated,with which treated the leaves,and the role of nitric oxide and calcium signaling in the resistance induced by oxalate in cucumber leaves was studied.The results showed that oxalate could increase POD activity in different degree with the concentration from 10 mmol/L to 70 mmol/L,and improve the resistance to P.cubensis,and reduce the disease index.The treatment with 30 mmol/L was the best.Four inhibitors could inhibit POD activity induced by oxalate and increase the disease index when they were applied at the same time as oxalate or before oxalate treatment,or after the oxalate treatment of 30 mmol/L.These results suggested that NO,Ca²⁺,calmodulin (CaM) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃) might be involved in the signal transduction by which oxalate induced the systemic resistance to P.cubensis.

Abstract:The physiological and biochemical mechanism of prevention for cucumber downy mildew by high temperature treatment were studied using cucumber susceptible variety ‘Changchun mici’.Cucumber seedlings were potted in greenhouse.(1)The best effect of prevention reached after seedlings inoculated with Pseudoperonospora cubensis 8 h and then treated for 90 min at 45℃.(2)Compared with seedlings inoculated with P.cubensis,chlorophyll contents significantly increased and MDA content significantly decreased by high temperature treatment after inoculation.Compared with control,the activity of chitinase significantly increased by high temperature treatment after inoculation,and changes in chitinase activity was further proved by western blotting.(3)A 28 kD protein was induced after inoculation,and then decreased its expression by high temperature treatment.This indicated that high temperature treatment not only could kill much pathogens but also induce resistance against downy mildew.

Abstract:To research the impacts of soil water alternative variation on photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus elliottii seedlings,four different kinds of water treatment simulating processes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from flooding to drought were applied,including regular water supply (CK),regular water supply-mild drought-rehydration (DR),flooding (FL),flooding-mild drought-rehydration (FD).Results showed that:(1)Water treatment could significantly influence net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,water use efficiency and photosynthetic pigment content of P.elliottii seedlings (P<0.05).(2)In the earlier and middle stage of experimental period,photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed significant decline in DR,FL and FD compared with CK,whereas those in DR and FD came back to a high level later.(3)Every treatment showed increase in water use efficiency with contrast to CK to different extents in the whole experimental period,with the maximum of 4.95 μmol·mmol^-1 in DR.(4)Along with the extended period of time,an increase followed by decline tendency was displayed in contents of total chlorophyll,chlorophyll/carotenoid and chlorophyll a/b in four treatments.Chlorophyll/carotenoid ranged from 4.379 to 6.019 while that of chlorophyll a/b was 2.207 to 2.850.These results indicated that P.elliottii seedling has a competitive adaptation to flooding and “flooding-drought” alternative variation in terms of growth,water metabolism and photosynthetic physiology.Additionally,it could recover growth condition rapidly after stress release.Therefore,P.elliottii could be a candidate species for revegetation of riparian in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

Abstract:In order to provide information on improving the chemical qualities and security of tea leaves,the effects of Ca and Al regulation on main chemical qualities of tea leaves and Ca,Al,Zn and Fe uptake and accumulation in tea plant were studied using water culture experiment with one-year cutting seedlings of variety fudingdabai.The results showed that:(1)Suitable Al addition (10 or 20 mg·L^-1) increased tea polyphenol,caffeine,flavone,total soluble sugar and amino acid contents of tea leaves.The Ca addition increased these chemical qualities of tea leaves under all Al treatments,especially at higher Al addition.Suitable Al addition promoted Al and Fe uptake and accumulation of tea plants,while higher Al addition (30 mg·L^-1) decreased Al and Fe contents.(2)The Al addition decreased Ca and Zn uptake by roots of tea plants,but suitable Al addition had no effect on Ca and Zn accumulation in shoots and leaves of tea plants.(3)The Ca addition increased Ca uptake and accumulation,decreased Al uptake and accumulation of tea plants and Zn content of tea leaves,and had no effect on Fe uptake and accumulation.These results suggested that Al and Ca can respectively and interactively regulate chemical qualities of tea leaves and microelement uptake of tea plants.Suitable Ca addition might be beneficial to increase chemical qualities of tea leaves and to establish ecological and efficient tea plantation.

Abstract:The photosynthetic characters were observed with CI-340 portable photosynthesis determination system produced by United States.The relationships of P_n and eco-physiological factors were analyzed with path coefficient and the light-response curve was fitted with parabola model for Caryota urens and Caryota mitis.The results showed as follows:(1)The net photosynthetic rate of two species presented asymmetric double peak curve,with a clear “midday depression”,and its length and depth in C.urens was more obvious than that in C.mitis,and the minor peak in C.urens was also delayed about 2 hours.These differences maybe result from the various activities of physiological factors such as stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and so on.(2)C_i is the main physiological factor affecting the characteristic of P_n of two species.However,G_s was the main limiting factor in C.urens,Tleaf in C.mitis;The main ecological factor was PAR in C.urens,C_air in C.mitis and RH was the limiting factor of two species.(3)The light-response curve of two species was fitted with parabola models.The high LCP (light compensation point) and LSP (light saturation point) in two species showed that they all belonged to strongly light plant.However,these values were higher in C.urens than that in C.mitis.Thus,the latter was more adaptive to be removed from south to north.

Abstract:Tuber Mustards (Brassica juncea var.tumida) were studied in dry matter yield,mineral accumulation and nutrition quality,on the five levels of Sulfur (S) and Selenium (Se) fertilizer added to the soil.The results showed that the yields of dry matter were increased significantly by the addition of the S and Se to soil.The higher yields of dry matter were obtained in the treatments of S₅₀Se₁[S/Se=50 (mg/kg)/1 (mg/kg)] and S₁₀₀Se₁,with increases of 32.3% and 36.2%,respectively.All treatments could promote the absorption of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P),potassium (K),S,Se in both leaves and tubers,but had no apparent effect on the other elements in leaves or tubers.The highest value of S content in leaf and tuber was related with the treatment of S₁₀₀Se₁,while the highest value of Se content in leaf and tuber was related with the treatment of S₅₀Se₃.In the aspect of tuber quality,the treatments of S₅₀Se₁ and S₅₀Se₃ could improve the quality of tuber significantly,including organic Se,total amino acid,and crude protein.In conclusion,the combination of S and Se fertilizer was feasible for tuber mustard in accumulating of mineral element,improving the dry matter yield and nutritional quality，and the treatment of S₅₀Se₁(S=50 mg/kg,Se=1 mg/kg) was recommended.

Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effect of split application of nitrogen and CO₂ elevation on photosynthesis,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at heading and middle grain filling stage,and grain yield of winter wheat with open top chambers (OTCs) of wheat variety ‘Xiaoyan 22’.The results showed that CO₂ enrichment had no or negative effect on SPAD value,soluble protein content and photosynthetic ability of flag leaf,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of shoot after anthesis,and grain yield under no nitrogen application,but under nitrogen addiction (300 mg/kg soil),the indexes increased to some extent,and its effects were mostly significant at 0.05 probability level.Compared with allbased application of nitrogen,CO₂ elevation could increase photosynthetic ability at grainfilling stage,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of shoot after anthesis,and grain yield under nitrogen split application,especially under nitrogen application with the ratio of 5∶3∶2 at before sowing,regreening and booting stages.It was suggested that CO₂ elevation would preferably increase grain yield of winter wheat under proper split application of nitrogen.

Abstract:A spatial series representing the temporal sequence of vegetation restoration on opencast coal mine was used to investigate structure and biodiversity of functional group of reclamation land in Loess Plateau.Five plots,which were basically the same habitats,were selected in Heidaigou opencast coal mine,including of one original landscape plot (control) and four reclamation plots in different reclamation stages (from 1995 to 2010).The results showed that:With the increase in reclaiming time,the composition of perennial grass and perennial forb dominated,and their cumulative dominances showed an increasing trend,but the cumulative dominance of annual or biennial herb reduced.In initial stage of reclamation,the functional groups were simple,poor composition of species,mostly annual or biennial herb.Later stage,Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum appeared.Final,reclamation land engendered a natural community consisted of Stipa krylovii,Stipa bungeana,Leymus secalinus and Cleistogenes squarrosa,etc.In the course of the reclamation,the percentage of mesophyte and mesoxerophytes increased gradually.On the contrary,the percentage of xerophytes reduced.Along with the increase of reclamation time,the biomass of perennial grass and perennial forb increased,while the biomass of annual or biennial herb plant decreased.The total biomass showed the trend of first increased sharply then dropped sharply,and followed by a gradual increase.With the increase of reclamation time,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H),Patrick richness index (Pa) and Pielou evenness index (JP) increased.

Abstract:With the data of Kobresia pygmaea growth period, plant height and yield during 1994 to 2004 from Qumalai county in the Yangtze river headwater region,we investigated the relationships between climate change and K.pygmaea phenology and biomass.The results indicated that:(1)The greenup stage and florescence of K.pygmaea appeared a shape of w in general.Under the background of regional climate warming,the growth season prolonged by advanced greenup and delayed florescence and wilting.(2)Biomass of K.pygmaea changed apparently during the past 10 years.The highest biomass of K.pygmaea in each month appeared in 1999,the lowest was in 1994.(3)The phenophase of K.pygmaea showed a significantly positive correlation (P<0.001) with monthly temperature in its growing season and a weak correlation with monthly precipitation (P>0.05).Average monthly temperatures appeared to be a prerequisite in germinating and growing of local herbs,especially from June-August.(4)Fresh-and dry-weight of K.pygmaea in growing season from June to August were positively associated with monthly average temperature,while fresh weight only had positive correlation with monthly precipitation.In summary,temperature has greater influence on vegetation biomass than that of precipitation in QinghaiTibet Plateau.

Abstract:Analyzing population structure and spatial patterns of species not only can reveal the dynamic changes and pattern formation mechanism of population,but also can provide the theoretical foundation for local vegetation conservation and restoration.In this study,population structure,life table characteristics and spatial distribution of Acer ginnala population was studied using the life table,size-class structure and survivorship curve.The results showed that:(1)The size-class structure of the population of A.ginnala was a developing population,which majority of the seedling individuals,the saplings and small ones following.On density distribution of size class,the peak appeared in population on DBH<130 cm,after which the density tended to decline.Generally,the density of A.ginnala population decreases gradually with the increases of size class.(2)Within different altitude populations,the population structure was from developing,stability to declining type along the elevation gradient.Life table showed that there was a plenty of seedling individuals in A.ginnala.The peak of mortality rate appeared at different size class in different altitude populations.(3)The survivorship curve of A.ginnala population generally matched a Deevey Type Ⅲ.Except 1 400 m and 1 700 m populations (which matched Deevey Type Ⅲ),other populations’ survivorship curve generally fitted Deevey Type Ⅱ.Spatial distribution patterns of the population differed among growth periods.(4)The distribution pattern was tend to be clumped for seedling,saplings and little tree,but the assemble intensity decreased gradually.Along the elevation gradient,the assemble intensity decreased gradually with the increase of altitude.Overall,there were obvious traits on the life history and spatial structure for A.ginnala.This resulted from A.ginnala’s biological characteristics,abundant seedling resources,microenvironments and interspecies competition.

Abstract:Based on the specimens of PYU,we studied the pteridophyte flora in Yaoshan Mountain Nature Reserve of Yunnan.The results indicated that there were 30 families,67 genera,177 species and 10 varieties in Yaoshan Mountain Nature Reserve.The genera of pteridophytes flora could be grouped into 10 types,and 11 sub-types.At species level,the pteridophytes flora could be grouped into 9 types,20 sub-types and 7 varieties.It was found that the temperate geographical floristic elements were predominant in this area.By comparing floristic components,Yaoshan Mountain kept the most closely relationship with Jiaozixueshan Mountain,secondly with Meilixueshan Mountain and adjacent regions,and then with Yulongxueshan Mountain,last with Huang Mountain.

Abstract:Phycobilisome is the major accessory light-harvesting supramolecular complexes,which is composed of core and peripheral rods.Furthermore,the core contains several cylindrical protein assemblies that mainly consist of allophycocyanin,and is involved in the transfer of light energy to the reaction centers of photosystems.In this study,the apcA gene was amplified from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.strain PCC 6803.The expression plasmid pET-32a(+)-apcA was constructed and transformed into BL21(DE3)pLysS,and the expression of ApcA protein was induced by IPTG.After purification by His-tag,the recombinant protein pET-ApcA was used to immunize Japanese White Rabbit to obtain the polyclonal antibody.The titer of the polyclonal antibody was detected by ELISA and its specificity was analyzed by immunoblotting.The titer of polyclonal antibody was found to be up to 1∶1 025 000,and thus possessed a high specificity.A polyclonal allophycocyanin antibody of Synechocystis 6803 was successfully obtained in this study,and it will further help in understanding the important roles of core of cyanobacterial phycobilisome during light energy transfer by using biochemical strategy.

Abstract:Composition and characterization of fiber pigments in one brown-fiber cotton cultivar (line) (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ‘Zong 86’ was studied in this research.The fiber pigments were extracted for 15 d by methanol solution (V_MeOH∶V_HCl=99∶1) at room temperature in the dark.The methanol extract was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in distilled water.The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and then the water phase was used to purify pigments by HP-20 macroporous resin separation.The pigment composition and characterization was analyzed by UV absorption spectrum and HPLC method.The results showed that the pigment extract from the brown cotton fibers contained at least four types of anthocyanins.This study indicated that the anthocyanins were one important component of the pigments in brown-colored cotton fibers,which provides the clues and basis for improving fiber-color character of naturally colored cotton.

Abstract:Abiotic and biotic stresses,including drought,highsalinity,high- and low-temperature,and many diseases seriously affect plant growth and crop yield.Protein kinases mediate the perceiving and transducing of external environment signals via activating diverse phosphorylation pathways,regulate the expression of downstream resistant genes,and trigger multiple physiological and biochemical reactions to minimize and eliminate hazards.Based on previous studies,we reviewed the progress in the researches on plant protein kinases，such as receptor-like kinase (RLK),mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),calcium-dependent and calmodulin-independent protein kinase (CDPK) and sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK),which participate in abiotic and biotic stress signal pathways in recent years and explored signal transduction networks of diverse phosphorylation pathways in the responsive reactions.Moreover,some emphases in the future study were put forward.This paper provides the basis for deep understanding the molecular mechanism of plant resistance.

Abstract:SAM Mtases was S-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent O-methyltransferase gene.The gene has a direct effect on plant lignin,class of phenyl propane,flavonoids,alkaloids and aliphatic compounds and many other secondary metabolite syntheses.It involved in plant disease resistance,UV resistance,insecticide,antiseptic,plant hormones,growth and signal conditioning,symbionts of plants,pollen tube elongation and pollen growth of plant allelopathy reaction.This review provides an overview on the research progress in separation,classification,and functions of SAM Mtases gene.It is helpful for better understanding of its position in plant physiological and metabolic regulation.We also highlight SAM Mtases gene as a candidate gene for plant resistance and plant secondary metabolism improvement.

Abstract:The annual wild soybean (Glycine soja) played an important role in broading soybean germplasm and improving soybean gene pool.This paper discusses the advances in 3 aspects of salt tolerance in wild soybean,including resource survey and excellent characters,mechanisms of salinity tolerance and the possibility of using wild soybean resources to improve cultivated soybean salt tolerance.Recent researches about salt tolerance in wild soybean such as anatomical structure,physiological mechanisms and molecular biology are summarized.Through the salt glands in leaf epidermis and the repellency of Na⁺ and Cl^-,the wild soybean achieves the antagonist of saline environment.Strong antioxidant capacity,soy isoflavone metabolism and salt tolerance gene are also important reasons for its adaptation to saline environment.The strategies for further research are genetic basis on salt tolerance and the species protection,in order to explore the innovative value.