Abstract:By analyzing Transcriptome (SRA020132) sequences of Salvia miltiorrhiza from Shangluo and using the techniques of PCR,a new 2oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenase gene was cloned from Salvia miltiorrhiza for the first time and named as Sm2ODD1 (GenBank accession number JN935923).Sm2ODD1 DNA consisted of 1 365 bp including 3 exons and 2 introns.The fulllength cDNA of Sm2ODD1 was 1 189 bp,containing a single 951 bp opening reading frame and encoding a 316 aminoacid residues.Bioinformatics analysis showed that Sm2ODD1 contained a 2oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenase superfamily containing “distorted jelly roll” domain and “HTD”,“HX” and “RYS” motifs to bind 2oxoglutarate and Fe²⁺.Quantitative RTPCR analysis revealed that the gene expressed in different organs.The expression in roots was observably higher than in flowers,stems and leaves.The gene could be induced by methyl jasmonate,GA₃ and ABA.The results indicated that the Sm2ODD1 might be involved in the biosynthesis of terpene in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Abstract:To verify monotypic genus Dodartia (formely Scrophulariaceae sensu lato) familial placement and evaluate phylogenetic relation between Dodartia and its relatives,we sampled Dodartia orientalis and its comprehensive and putative relatives,and conducted phylogenetic analyses including Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian inference of one nuclear DNA (ITS) region and four chloroplast DNA gene regions (trnLF,rps16,rbcL,rps2) individually and combined.The main result of the phylogenetic analyses indicate that Dodartia is sister to Lancea with the Bootstrap (BS) values=97%,Posterior Probability (PP) values=100% of combined four chloroplast DNA genes data;BS=99%,PP=100% of ITS data and BS=100%,PP=100% of combined four chloroplast DNA genes and ITS data.Dodartia,Lancea and Mazus form a maximum supported monophyletic clade with BS=100% and PP=100% of all the data.This relation was also corroborated by morphological data.Based on these data,we suggest that Dodartia should be included in Mazoideae (Phrymaceae),and the most closest relative of Dodartia is Lancea.Dodartia and Lancea maybe included in Mazus and relative to Mazus omeiensis or sister to Mazus.

Abstract:Based on the SSR molecular marker and Jionmap 3.0 analysis a genetic linkage map of pear was constructed with F₁ populations from a cross of ‘Housui’ and ‘Dangshansuli’.The map consisted of 18 linkage groups and located 104 SSR markers covered 831.8 cM of pear genomic with an average distance of 8.0 cM per markers.According to the 25 commom SSRs marked on this pear map and the apple ‘Fiesta’ map,the homologous linkage groups were well connected to each other and it showed high level of colinearity between the two maps.SSR markers on the map can be taken as anchor points to be merged with other maps.

Abstract:Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to develop a core collection from 100 Osmanthus fragrans cultivars.Eight AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 514 polymorphic fragments with an average of 64 per primer combination.According to AFLP molecular markers of O.fragrans cultivars,an random sampling strategy was used to construct core collection using UPGMA cluster method according to Kimura 2parameter genetic distance.30 samples were selected out of 100 O.fragrans cultivars as the core collection.Genetic diversity（ShannonWiener index and Simpson index） of the core collection was tested.The genetic diversity in the entire collection has been preserved in the core collection.

Abstract:In order to breeding new potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties with antiRhizoctonia solani,high yield and good quality,‘Longshu No.6’ and ‘Longshu No.7’ was crossed with ‘Atlantic’,respectively,and the F₁ hybrids were obtained.42 F₁ hybrid individuals of ‘Atlantic’בLongshu No.6’,and 9 F₁ hybrid individuals of ‘Atlantic’בLongshu No.7’ were used for analysis with SSR molecular markers.Two pairs of SSR primers were selected from 59 pairs of SSR primers,and were used for marker analysis among those hybrids and their parents.The results showed that there were 4 types of banding patterns observed in the hybrids,complementary pattern of both parents,deletion pattern,malespecific pattern and femalespecific pattern.Fifty one individuals of F₁ hybrids were identified as true hybrids with primers S184 and STM1049,which showed that it was feasible to identify hybrid potatoes with SSR molecular markers.This research may provide the theoretical basis for further selection of excellent lines with objective traits from potato hybrid descendants.

Abstract:The accumulation,distribution and content changes of glycyrrhizic acid of a medicinal licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.were investigated by means of immunohistochemical localization and HPLC methods.The results showed that:(1)The glycyrrhizic acid distributed mainly in the cell wall of phloem parenchyma cells and ray cells of the roots;(2)The content of glycyrrhizic acid in different tissues of taproot was varied.The highest one was in phloem and then in xylem,while the lowest in the root bark.(3)The content of glycyrrhizic acid tended to increase with the growth years in the roots.It increased quickly in 2years and 3yesars and the content of glycyrrhizic acid is 3.66% in 3yaers,which exceeds the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia.The results provide a further understanding on the internal mechanism of the quality formation of medicinal licorice and to improve quality of medicine licorice.

Abstract:The microstructure and ultrastructure of 15 species,1 subspecies and 4 cultivars of Vitis L.were investigated using light microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that(1):The leaf thickness,upper epidermis thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,lower epidermis thickness of V.pestris and V.riparia were thicker than that of others,but the ratio of palisade tissue and leaf thickness (CTR) were the least,V.betulifolia had bigger structure of leaves in East Asian Vitis species.(2)The number of chloroplast in palisade tissue was more than that in spongy tissue.V.davidii,V.betulifolia,V.flexuosa and V.romanetii had more chloroplasts,while V.vinifera×V.amurensis ‘Beihong’,V.sinocinerea,V.wilsonae and V.hancockii had the opposite.There were many starch grains in V.labrusca×V.vinifera ‘Kyoho’,V.betulifolia and lots of plastoglobulis in V.betulifolia,V.wilsonae,V.romanetii,V.flexuosa,V.davidii and V.pseudoreticulata.It suggested many Chinese wild grapes had higher structure resistance than V.pestris and V.riparia in CTR,number of chloroplast,starch grains and plastoglobulis.

Abstract:Coptis teeta Wall.an endangered species is one of the original plants of traditional Chinese medicine Coptis.C.teeta and now it is listed as national Ⅱ grand protect plant.The flowering phenology,the floral syndrome,the breeding system and the pollination biology of C.teeta were studied in present paper.This study will help to reveal endangered mechanism of the plants and lay a foundation for the protection of germplasm resources and artificial tending.The main results were as follows:(1)The floral longevity of C.teeta lasts for 4 months from December to March of the next year.The flowering period of inflorescence is 45～60 days and different flowers of the same inflorescence bloom apart from 1 to 3 days.(2)C.teeta is pleiochasium,brats protect bud,flowers bisexual,stamens and carpels numerous.(3)P/O ratio is about 9 000 and OCI is 4 or 5.The results of breeding experiment demonstrated that C.teeta is xenogamous and selfcompatible,the pollinators are required for seed sets.The agamospermy do exist in C.teeta.

Abstract:Being native to Central and South America,Mikania micrantha H.B.K is a perennial herb or semiwoody vine of Compositae.This plant has been considered one of the worst noxious weeds around the world and caused huge economic losses,serious ecological problems and biodiversity losses.The vegetative growth and reproduction is one of the most important reproduction strategies of M.micrantha.In this trial,the vegetative reproduction and biomass allocation characteristics of M.micrantha with twofactor experiments of different growth periods (40 d,30 d,20 d and 10 d) and nutrient solutions (1 Hoagland’s,water+soil and water) were studied.The results showed that:(1)The growth period and nutrient had significant effect on stem survival rate and stem net biomass percentage of M.micrantha,respectively,but no significant effects of other indicators.Except the interaction between growth period and nutrient had no obvious impacts on root survival rate and stem branch number of M.micrantha,it had obvious effects of other indicators.(2)The survival rate of M.micrantha root in all treatments was 0 and the branch number of M.micrantha stem was not significantly different in all treatments.（3）The survival rate,biomass and branch length of M.micrantha stem were increased with increase in growth period and nutrient,and similarly survival rate,biomass,branch length,and branch number of M.micrantha leaf were improved too.However,the medium nutrient was more favorably increased survival rate,branch length,branch number,and biomass of M.micrantha leaf with shorter growth period than those with longer growth period.All these shows that the vegetative organs of M.micrantha have various survival rate,morphological plasticity and biomass allocation in different growth periods and nutrient solutions.

Abstract:The effect of spermidine on induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus L.cv.‘Changchun mici’ seedlings was conducted,and the activities of 4 defense enzymes and expression of 3 defense gene were tested in cucumber leaves after treated with spermidine and inoculated with powdery mildew.The results showed that:(1)0.2～1.0 mmol·L^-1 spermidine expressed different induced effects on cucumber seedlings powdery mildew resistance,and 0.8 mmol·L^-1 spermidine had the best effects on cucumber seedlings and the induced efficiency reached to 55.3%.(2)The defense enzymes of cucumber seedlings such as peroxidase (POD),phenylalanine amonnialyase (PAL),chitinase and β1,3glucanase activities increased after spermidine inducement or powdery mildew inoculation.The increase of these enzymes activity treated with both spermidine inducement and powdery mildew inoculation were faster than those only treated with inducement.The expression of POX,PAL,PR1a gene enhanced after spermidine inducement or powdery mildew inoculation.In summary,the results indicate that spermidine enhance the expression of defense genes,increase the activities of defense enzymes,decrease disease index significantly,then increase cucumber resistance to powdery mildew.

Abstract:The tolerance and physiological response to crown gall of six types of cherry rootstocks seedings in Guizhou Province were investigated using inoculating experiment.The results showed that:(1)The disease incidence of Qingyan cherry seeding was only 6.67%,and its average tumor diameter and tolerance ratio were 1.76 mm and 6.67,respectively,demonstrating the highest tolerance to this disease.However,Yanhe cherry demonstrated the lowest tolerance with 50.0% of disease incidence,6.43 mm of tumor diameter,as well as 33.76 of tolerance ratio.(2)Obvious physiological responses were obtained after the incidence of this disease.The content of free proline in leaf considerably increased,as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were enhanced.Conversely the catalase (CAT) activity went down.Free proline content of the Qingyan cherry increased amplitude,and protective enzymes of Yanhe cherry were significantly changed.(3)The disease incidence was closely correlated with the tolerance ratio and SOD activity,with correlation coefficient was 0.98 and 0.86 respectively.Also the tolerance ratio was closely correlated with the activities of POD (r=0.82^*) and SOD (r=0.83^*).Obviously the tolerance to crown gall of six types of cherry rootstocks seedings was significant different,and Qingyan cherry demonstrated the highest tolerance.The resistance was closely related with the content of free proline ,as well as the increase of POD and SOD activities.

Abstract:Changes of external morphology and physiological indexes of one year old seedlings of Sapium sebiferum from different provenances under continuous drought were studied.The results showed that:(1)The growth of S.sebiferum seedlings was negatively influenced by different degree of drought stress,and external morphology characteristics of water shortage were distinct.Relative water content of leaves decreased under drought stress,but that raised again after rewatering;(2)Under extreme drought stress (at the 12th day),net photosynthetic rate of seedlings maintained certain intensity,and the change of relative membrane permeability was not obvious,so resistance of S.sebiferum seedlings to drought stress was stronger;Among drought period both SOD and POD activities enhanced,contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased,MDA content climbed,proline accumulated,and the change reversed after rewatering,so seedlings could maintain normal osmotic adjustment ability to drought;(3)At the same time experiment showed that changes of physiological indexes except for MDA and relative conductivity rate of S.sebiferum seedlings from different provenances were significantly different (P<0.05),some was very significantly different (P<0.01).Under extreme drought stress,there were stable genetic variations among them;(4)Through comprehensive analysis of Fuzzy,it was concluded that the tolerating ability to drought of both Huangshan Anhui and Shangcheng Henan provenance were the strongest among 5 provenances,as their synthetic evaluation index were the biggest comparatively,and their cultivation and applying in seasonal arid region should be extended.

Abstract:In our experiment,28 hulless barley cultivars were choose to study their water consumption rate and dehydration rate when the first leaf spread out.A droughttolerant and a watersensitive hulless barley cultivar were selected.To understand the regulating effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) under drought stress ,we examined the effects of 5%~30% PEG pretreatment on the seed germination,seedling growth and physiological characteristics of different barley varieties.The results were as following:(1)Relative water content of 28 hulless barley varieties increased gradually,while dehydration rate showed the opposite trend.The relative water content ranked the highest (60.16%) and dehydration rate ranked the lowest (8.80%) in Handizi,while relative water content ranked the lowest (38.98%) and dehydration rate ranked the highest (20.20%) in Dama,it indicated Dama was greatest sensitive to water and Handizi was least sensitive to water.(2)Germination and rooting rate in hulless barley seed,root length,shoot height and fresh weight in hulless barley seedlings showed ‘rises first,falls later’ with the increase of PEG concentration.The best treatment concentration on Handizi hulless barley and Dama were 15% and 10% respectively and the difference was significant with the control (P<0.05).The best treatment concentration on root length,shoot height and fresh weight in two hulless barley seedlings was 10% and no significant difference was found between the treatments and the control in Dama.(3)Soluble protein and chlorophyll content of Handizi hulless barley leaves was correlation with PEG concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) presented negatively correlation.They were obvious at 0.01 degree in 30% PEG.Soluble protein and chlorophyll content of Dama hulless barley leaves showed ‘rises first,falls later’,and the MDA showed the opposite change.20%PEG was the best treatment.To sum up,low concentration of PEG pretreatment promoted seed germination,seedling growth and improvement of physiological function of hulless barley;high concentration of PEG inhibited seed germination,seedling growth and improvement of physiological function of hulless barley.The variety with stronger drought tolerance had a strong resistance to PEG and self regulation ability from the beginning of seed germination period,and the variety with weak drought tolerance had a weak resistance and self regulation ability when subjected to higher degree of stress.So the treatment of appropriate PEG concentration not only could significantly promote the seed germination and seedling growth of hulless barley,but also could improve the physiological function,including protein,chlorophyll,MDA content and relative conductivity,which could enhance the resistance ability.The results of this study suggested that it can make dormant seed rapidiy activing using a proper concentration of PEG solution to soak,and improve the efficiency of seed breeding,which lays a foundation for the PEG widely application in agriculture.

Abstract:The growth and biochemical effects of different plant hormones on virusfree potato seedlings were studied in hope of providing theoretic basis for Potato Microtuber production.The results of the study showed that the plant hormones (1)greatly improved the root growth vigor and potentials of the potato seedlings and increased the root protein content of the seedlings;(2)Evidently increased the net photosynthetic rate,dry matter,chlorophyll content as well as photosynthate accumulation of the seedlings;(3)Increased evidently the activities of SOD,POD,CAT and the free amino acid content and decreased the content of MDA;(4)Significantly promoted the potato seedlings which were better to have a minituber number and yield per plant.Thereinto,with NAA at 100 mg/L,IBA at 50 mg/L and boric acid at 17.5 mg/L,the photosynthetic pigment content,net photosynthetic rate,protective enzyme activities,free amino acid content of the seedlings were the most favorable and the minituber number and yield per plant appeared the highest as well.

Abstract:Lonicera has more species and are widely distributed in China,in which Lonicera japonica Thunb.is a traditional Chinese herbal medicinal source of honeysuckle.A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector (HPLCPAD) and a HPLCelectrospray ionizationmultistage mass spectroscopy (HPLCESIMSⁿ) were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid in five Lonicera spp.plants at different flowering stages.The results indicated that buds and open flowers of all five species of Lonicera genus contained neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid methyl ester,isochlorogenic acid A and an isomers of isochlorogenic acid.Chlorogenic acid and total chlorogenic acids content were higher in flower bud than that in opening flower,but no significant variation in L.sempervirens.While the chlorogenic acids and the total content of chlorogenic acids in bud expand period (big white bud period) and the initial flowering period (silver period) of L.×heckrottii Rehd.‘Huoyan’,L.sempervirens and L.×tellmanniana is higher than that of L.japonica,but no significant differences between L.periclymenum L.‘Geleimu’ and L.japonica.Consequently,flowers and buds of these four Lonicera plants had high value to exploit.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the effects of cutting timing on the accumulated temperature requirement and yield and quality of winter wheat,six cutting time treatments were conducted on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) at stages of tillering,elongation and booting in a rainfed region of the Loess Plateau.(1)When the wheat was cut before midtillering (6 tillers),no significant difference was found in the accumulated temperature requirement of crucial growth stage,about 0.9~1.5 t/hm² dry matter could be harvested for forage and the yield and quality both of regrowed grain and stubble was not significantly affected compared to uncut control;as to the wheat cut after late tillering stage (9 tillers),the accumulated temperature requirement between elongation and flowering and ripening was greatly decreased,though there was 60% more forage available than that of crops cut before midtillering,both the grain and stubble yield was significantly reduced compared with uncut control.(2)Path analysis for grain yield showed that reduction of grain yield of cut crops was due to the lower plant height and reduced spike number per unit.In a word,the most appropriate time to cut winter wheat for dualpurpose should be prior to the midtillering stage (6 tillers),ensuring the regular accumulated temperature require of crucial growth stage and the conformation stability of grain yield and quality.

Abstract:The absorption and accumulation of ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr in four plant species,such as Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense),sunflower (Helianthus annuus),radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) in different ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr concentration contaminated soils （0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0,40.0 mg/kg）was studied and their phytoremediation efficiency was compared.The result showed that:(1)The biomass order of the individual plant in different ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr concentration contaminated soil ranked as:sunflower>radish>leaf mustard>Sudan grass,the order of ¹³³Cs absorption capacity of the root from the soils:radish>Sudan grass>sunflower>leaf mustard,the total concentration of ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr individual plant ranked:sunflower>radish>Sudan grass>leaf mustard and radish,sunflower>Sudan grass>leaf mustard,respectively.Four plant species revealed stronger ⁸⁸Sr absorption capacities than that of ¹³³Cs.(2)The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of radish was greater than 1 in different treatments except in the 10.0 mg/kg ¹³³Cs treatment and it performed stronger ¹³³Cs bioaccumulation ability.The translocation factors (TF) of four plant species in different treatments were less than 1 except in the 5.0 mg/kg ¹³³Cs treatment.The translocation ability of ⁸⁸Sr from the roots up to the upper ground part of the radish was relatively higher than that of other three species.Leaf mustard and sunflower ranked the second.(3)The translocation ability of ⁸⁸Sr from the roots up to the upper ground part of the plants was stronger than that of ¹³³Cs in four plant species.The result revealed that the plant species of the highest phytoremediation efficiency was sunflower and the second radish.They had stronger phytoextraction ability from ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr contaminated soil because of their advantages in the highest individual plant biomass of sunflower and the more ¹³³Cs and ⁸⁸Sr uptake capacity of radish,respectively.

Abstract:We collected the roots and rhizosphere soil samples from four different sites (Ganquan,Suide,Mizhi and Yulin) on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi.The spatial distribution of AMF colonization,spore density and glomalin in the rhizosphere of Amorpha fruticosa were investigated,and their relationships with soil factors were analyzed.The result showed that:(1)The average AMF colonization rate from Suide was the highest of all the samples,which was up to 100%,and the lowest colonization rate was 75.02% from Mizhi.The spore density from Mizhi was higher than that of other samples,and it was 5.91/g.The lowest spore density was from Yulin,and it was 1.57/g.The highest spore density existed in the 0～10 cm layer of all samples,and with the soil depth increasing,the spore density decreased.In different regions,the differences of the AMF colonization rate and spore density were notable.The rate of AMF colonization did not correlate significantly with the spore density.Soil organic carbon (SOC),ammoniaN,olsenP,urease and alkaline phosphatase from Yulin were significantly higher than those of other samples.Except for the sucrase from Mizhi and Suide and alkaline phosphatase from Ganquan,in 0～10 cm layer,the activities of most soil enzymes and glomalin reached the maximum,and declined with the increasing soil depth,which had a significant differences among the different layers.(2)AMF colonization had a significant positive correlation with SOC,nitrateN,olsenP,and it had a very significant positive correlation with pH,totally extracted glomalin related soil proteins (TEG) and easily extracted glomalin related soil proteins (EEG).Spore density had a significant positive correlation with olsenP,sucrase,urease,and had a negative correlation with ammoniaN.TEG had a very significant positive correlation with EEG.(3)Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative variance proportion of PCA1 and PCA2 were up to 56.4%.PCA1 contained glomalin,the AMF colonization rate and spore density.PCA2 contained pH and some soil factors.Therefore,the soil environment was mainly decided by these factors.

Abstract:Xanthium spinosum is an asteraceae plant from the South America,However,it was firstly found in Yining County,Xinjiang,China in 2009.This paper was investigated about 40 (cities) counties ranging from north to south of Xinjiang where X.spinosum probably occurred.We were also used the quadrate method to observe and analyze the abundance,frequentness and importance value of X.spinosum in the 23 wellconcentrated sample plots of different habitats;thus,the distribution areas and community characteristics of X.spinosum in Xinjiang were identified,and the optimum habitat of this species was also determined.Our results indicated that:(1)X.spinosum distributed in Changji City,Yining City,Yining County,Gongliu County,Tekes County,Xinyuan County,Chabuchar County,Huocheng County and Nileke County of Xinjiang at present.The altitude of its distribution areas ranged from 597～1 834 m.The types of its habitats included desert grassland and oasis.(2)In the two habitats,the relative abundances of X.spinosum was the most of all the plants,and the maximum value occurred in the oasis.Thus,X.spinosum was considered as the most important species in the invaded areas.Moreover,relative coverage of X.spinosum was the greatest in all the plants in its distribution areas,and the order of relative coverage of this species was the oasis (46.83％)＞desert grassland(43.00％).(3)The analysis of important values of X.spinosum indicated that the comprehensive adaptability of this species was the highest in the two habitats,particularly in the oasis that it was invaded easily.In conclusion,the endangerment of X.spinosum was still in partial phase in desert grassland of Xinjiang,but this species almost spread in the oasis.Therefore,the relative departments should be attached it importance to prevent and control,do not let it continued to expand and spread.

Abstract:Based on trees with DBH≥1 cm in a 20 hm² stemmapped tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna,we investigated spatial variations of Shannon and Simpson diversity indices across seven scales (grain sizes) (5 m×5 m,10 m×10 m,20 m×20 m,25 m×25 m,50 m×50 m,100 m×100 m,200 m×250 m).The results showed that:(1)Shannon and Simpson have the largest values at 100 m×100 m and 20 m×20 m,respectively.(2)The spatial variances of Shannon and Simpson indices generally decrease with scale,and with the smallest variances occurring at 100 m×100 m and 20 m×20 m,respectively.So we concluded that the reliable spatial scale for biodiversity estimation of Shannon diversity index is 100 m×100 m,whereas that of Simpson index is 20 m×20 m.(3)The variances of all the diversity indices are larger than those estimated by the random placement model,reflecting that spatial distribution of trees in the study area is more correspondents to habitat heterogeneity than random distribution.

Abstract:Using the methods of field investigations,indoor data statistics and reference compiling,we studied the pteridophyte flora in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.The result showed that:(1)There are 193 species in this Nature Reserve,belonging to 59 genera and 31 families,respectively.Their dominant families are Dryopteridaceae（51），Polypodiaceae（41），Athyriaceae（22） and Aspleniaceae（10）,while the dominant genera are Polystichum（27），Dryopteris（20） and Lepisorus（17）.(2)There are eight familyareal types dominated by Pantropical type and 14 generaareal types dominated by Pantropical and SinoHimalayan.types.The habitattypes are most of compositions of authochthonal,following by the compositions of lithophilous and adnascent pteridophyte.We do not found any kind of hydropteridales in this reserve.(3)The flora of Qomolangma National Reserve has strong phylogenetic relationship with the Mt.Namjagbarwa region,following by the Kongpo Nature Reserve and the Hengduan Mountains and Nepal.The floristic composition of this reserve is also similar to the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and Qinling Mountain Range,whereas has weak relationship with Xishuangbanna area.

Abstract:Total 20 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from different parts of Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv.for the first time by grinding method and 1 strain XJASAB11 was screened out from them with the stronggest antagonistic activity.According to the physiological and biochemical characteristics,16S rDNA sequencing analysis,the XJASAB11 was identified as Bacillus sp.The antagonistic strain was further amplification cultured and its metabolites was studied initially with column chromatography on silica gel and TLC chromatography.The active monomers C2 and H22 were obtained from the antibacterial phase.UVspectra,¹HNMR and MS results showed that compound C2 and H22 were flavoniods.The molecular formula of these compounds need to be further studied.Our study indicated that A.pseudalhagi Desv.endophytes have plenty of antimicrobial substances as a potential resources of devolopement of natural antimicrobile drugs.

Abstract:In this study,the germination of the seeds in mature capsules of Phaius tankervilleae and the developmental pathway of its protocorms were investigated.The orthogonal design was utilized to study the effect factors on multiplication of protocorms.The results showed that the seeds germination rate decreased during low temperature storage.The more the cold storage time was prolonged,the more the seeds germination rate was declined.In addition,seeds treated with 0.5% NaClO,had a higher germination rate and needed a shorter initial germination time compared to the control.The developmental pathway of embryo was as following:embryo in seed turn green before breaking through the seed coat,then broke the seed coat from one side of the seed and turn protocorms,the protocorms then developed into the seedlings.6BA had a significant effect on the multiplication of protocorms and the optimum culture medium for multiplication of protocorms was 1/2MS+3.0 mg/L 6BA+1.0 mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L NAA,and the mean generation multiple was 6.67.

Abstract:Flowering is an important process for plants to transfer from vegetative to reproductive development.Many genes are involved in the process,and AGAMOUSlike6 (AGL6) subfamily is one of the essential genes.The AGL6 gene encodes a MIKC type MADS box transcription factor that contains MADSbox conserved domains.It regulate flowering time and floral organ development through many ways.This paper reviews the recent research progresses in AGL6 and AGL6 homologous gene,including their structures,functions,evolution and the interaction with other genes.Finally,we discuss the problems in the present study and the research hot points in future.

Abstract:Early embryogenesis in angiosperms is an important developmental stage of sexual reproductive process.At this stage,the basic morphology of seedling is established,including apicalbasal axial polarity,different cell layers differentiation,and meristem formation.Zygote polarity directly affects the cell fates of apical and basal cell,but the underlying mechanism is still unknown.Previous studies suggested that WOX family transcription factors,direct auxin transportation as well as auxin response may be involved in the establishment of apicalbasal patterning.Cellcell communication may mediate the radial patterning.Additionally,auxin flow participates in the process of apical organization.This paper will review the late research progresses on early embryogenesis of angiosperms,including zygote polarity and elongation,zygote division and apical and basal cell formation,hypophysis specification and root pole formation,radial patterning and protoderm specification,shoot meristem specification and cotyledon initiation.

Abstract:Terpenoids metabolism is one of the most important pathways of secondary metabolism in plant.The regulatory mechanisms that modulate this metabolic route will determine plant growth and development,resistance,quality and other aspects.The terpene precursors are synthesized by the 2CMethylDErythritol4Phosphate (MEP) pathway in plant plastids.Recent studies have shown that,many genes involved in MEP pathway are not only regulated by multiple genes encoding and the transcript level,but also by posttranscriptional mechanism.Posttranscriptional regulation is a novel regulation mechanism described recently for this way and the mechanism is not clear.We review here various regulatory mechanisms of MEP pathway in plant,especially the mechanism and signal molecular that may be involved in posttranscriptional regulation,which may provide the theory basis for the research of regulation in this pathway.