Abstract:A full length cDNA of cycloartenol synthase gene (SmCAS) was cloned from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.We analyzed the sequence and structure characteristics of its encoded protein,and its expression patterns in the different organism and under different stress by quantitative RT-PCR.The full length cDNA is 2 346 bp,which includes 2 271 bp ORF and encodes 756 amino acid residues with a putative molecular mass of 86.16 kD.SmCAS has a typical conserved DCTAE motif and QW motif of oxidosqualene cyclase.Bioinformatics analysis showed that SmCAS had 83%,84%,83%,81% and 80% similarity with P.notoginseng,P.ginseng,C.asiatica,G.glabra and Arabidopsis thaliana,respectively.SmCAS expressed significantly in different tissues and had the highest transcript profile in flowers.It could be positive induced by ABA,lower temperature and drought,while its expression was inhibited by MeJA.

Abstract:In this study,the cDNA of nitrate reductase (NR) gene in Camellia sinensis was amplified via RACE technology by the EST taken from the transcript library of whole organs in tea plants.And expression levels of NR in different tea cultivars were studied using qRT-PCR technology.The results indicated that the cDNA full-length was 2 927 bp,with 2 652 bp ORF encoding 884 amino acid,the accession number was JX987133 and the sequence was 74% similar to that of tobacco by BlastX.The deduced NR protein is hydrophobic located in the cytoplasm.The expression levels in different cultivars varied greatly and the ratio between the maximum and the minimum reached 22.75.As the fact that nitrate reductase is a key enzyme in the process of nitrogen metabolism,maybe the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency differ among these tea cultivars.

Abstract:In order to isolate genes and their promoters in rice,we created a promoter trap system containing the promoterless β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in the T-DNA region.113^# was further analysisied,in which the GUS reporter gene was expressed constitutively.A single copy of the T-DNA was inserted into the plant genome,and the flanking sequence around T-DNA was isolated by inverse PCR.Sequencing and BLAST analyses suggested the T-DNA was inserted reversely in a candidate gene of rice chromosome 4.The promoter of the candidate gene directed GUS expression constitutively,analogous to the GUS expression pattern observed in 113^#.The results confirmed that the candidate gene was trapped by T-DNA (GUS) structure.

Abstract:Previous studies have shown that ABL1 may play an important role in the process of plant leaf growth and development,rosette leaves of the mutant abl1 formed later than wild-type and the mature leaves were smaller and serrate in abl1.In this study,using the Map-based cloning strategy,ABL1 gene was first positioning in the bottom region of the chromosome I by the primary mapping,and go a step further,ABL1 gene was limited in to the chromosomal region between two molecular markers T23K8 and T8F5,which contains 44 genes.A mutation in genes FAS1 was responsible for the mutant phenotype by bioinformatics analysis.FAS1 encode a subunit of the chromatin assembly factor CAF1,which regulate the apical meristem of the plant.RT-PCR results have indicated that the expression of ABL1 gene is completely knocked out and complementation experiments confirmed that abl1 is indeed a new allelic mutation in gene FAS1.Based on the study above,ABL1 may play a crucial role in the plant leaf morphogenesis.

Abstract:ndhK is a subunit of cyanobacteria NDH-1 complex,playing an important role in responding to low CO₂ stress.Its expression level is induced by low CO₂ and high light.To further understand the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of ndhK with light,we find the TSP(transcription start position) with 5′-RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends),forecast that ndhK contain four possible promoter,construct a series of promoter probe vectors containing eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) and use western blot to detect them.The results showed that the upstream sequence of ndhK in Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 containing four sequences (-374 to -274，-438 to -374，-604 to -543，+1 to +52) which can promote gene expression and one can inhibit (-543 to -440).

Abstract:Morphology of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility line RC₇ and its maintainer line of Chinese cabbage were microscopically studied to make clear RC₇ abortive period and mode,analysis of gene expression in bud by using cDNA-AFLP technology,which will provide a scientific basis for Chinese cabbage on molecular mechanism of CMS.（1）The microspore mother cells perform the simultaneous type of meiosis.The microspores are arranged in a tetrahedral shape in the tetrad,and the tapetum of the maintainer line belongs to glandular type.The male sterile RC₇ shows larger vacuoles in the tapetum cell,which is abortion signs.In uninucleate stage,tapetal disintegration,middle cell disappeared and microspore nucleus began to collapse,which belongs to uninucleate abortion type.（2）The gene expression in flower buds of CMS line and its maintainer line was compared by means of cDNA-AFLP,a total of 23 differential transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified and sequenced.8 TDFs were expressed specifically in CMS line,whereas 10 could be detected only in the maintainer line,moreover 5 TDFs were expressed both two lines.（3）The result of GenBank BLAST showed that H1 TDFs coming from CMS line shared higher identity with photoassimilate-responsive protein of Arabidopsis thaliana,H29 TDFs shared higher identity with calcineurin-like phosphoesterase family of A.thaliana.10 TDFs from maintainer line were highly identical to known sequences.These genes might be related to glucose metabolism,protein synthesis and transport,ethylene-inducible gene,electron transport and energy pathway,unknown or putative protein and so on.The results showed that the reason for the abortion was possibly that the tapetum cells were subjected to hypertrophy via vacuolation so that the microspores were extruded and broken into pieces,that makes the bicellular pollen grains could not form.Ehylene induced genes (H29) specifically expressed in the maintainer line,silenced in the sterile lines,which indicated that lack of sterile lines of ethylene related genes.

Abstract:It was studied that the genetic diversities and phylogenetic relationships of 48 Bougainvillea germplasm based on RAPD and ISSR markers in this paper.The results were as follows:(1)The polymorphism was identified by 7 RAPD primers and 11 ISSR primers in the germplasm.97 bands were amplified by RAPD,and 140 bands by ISSR,the polymorphic rate of both markers was 100％.(2)The cluster analysis (UPGMA) showed a higher genetic diversity level based on those polymorphic bands amplified with ISSR and RAPD primers.The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.318 8 to 0.955 6 by RAPD,and from 0.349 5 to 0.900 0 by ISSR.(3)48 samples can be clearly distinguished,and their clustering groups were basically consistent by two markers except a little difference between them.These samples generally originated from two germ lines,of one was from B.glabra,and mainly intraspecific origin,while the other was from species including B.spectabilis,B.peruviana,B.×buttiana and B.×spectoglabra,so the germplasms component were more diverse.(4)The genetic similarity of two markers had a significant correlation (r=0.752 3).The resolution of the molecular markers RAPD and ISSR is more reliable than morpho-agronomic characters to identify individual cultivars according to this investigation.

Abstract:The chromosome number and karyotypes of seven species of Alnus in European and American areas were studied by shedding cell wall and dialysis methods.The results showed that the karyotypes among them were not distinct and most chromosomes were metacentric or submetacentric.The chromosome number of A.cordata (hexaploid) was 2n=6x=42,the karyotype formula was 2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;2n=8x=56 and 2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT) for A.viridis (octoploid);The chromosome number in somatocyte of A.tenuifolia,A.incana,A.glutinosa,A.sinuata and A.rubra all were 2n=4x=28,were tetraploid.The karyotype formula were 2n=4x=28=16m(SAT)+12sm,2n=4x=28=22m+6sm,2n=4x=28=24m+4sm,2n=4x=28=24+4sm,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm.A.rubra belonging to “1B” of Stebbins,the rest six species belong to “2B” of Stebbins.

Abstract:The study was conducted in order to explore the microsporogenesis process and the abortive cytologic characters of the male sterile line PA.With male sterile line PA and maintenance line PB of Platycodon grandiflorum as materials,we observed the mitosis process of pollen mother cells and the development of the male gametophytes by the methods of conventional paraffin slicer and squashing technique staining with the solution of improved phenol fuchsin.The results show that:(1)The pollen mother cells carried on their meiosis and cytokinesis simultaneously.Chromosomes segregations of pollen mother cells in same anther were synchronous step during meiosis.Their tetrads were tetrahedral types.At metaphases Ⅰ and Ⅱ,there showed a small number of chromosomes scattered outside their equatorial plate.Mature pollens were ones with two-cells.(2)The abnormal meiosis of pollen mother cell from male sterile line was observed at anaphase Ⅰ,namely,cytoplasmic morpha appear abnormality.Cytoplasm could not segregate and formed heteromorphous tetrad after telophaseⅡ.Microspores were not released from tetrads due to not degradate from callose wall.Those are important reasons of abortion of the microspore from sterile line.(3)The contents of free proline,and soluble protein in flower buds at different development stages of male sterile line were lower than those of viable line.The activity of SOD and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in male sterile buds were higher than those of viable buds at all time.(4)There were significant differences in mother cells meiosis and the male gametophytes development of male sterile and maintenance lines.Abortive microspores approximately included four phases:abortive cytoplasm was present at anaphase Ⅰ,cytoplasm was not separated after telophase Ⅱ,microspores were not released from tetrad,and then tetrads were digested.High activity of reactive oxygen species scavenger enzymes,high content of MDA and low content of free proline may be the results on male sterility of P.grandiflorum.

Abstract:The megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte of Prunus mahaleb Linn.were studied by using the method of paraffin section.The results indicated that:(1)During the early period of gametophyte of P.mahaleb,there were two anatropous ovules which were attached to the placenta,on the inner wall of its unilocular ovary.Later period,one of them degraded while the other developed into a seed.(2)It was a crassinucellate ovule with two integuments.Successive cytokinesis in the megasporocyte followed meiosis and the megaspore tetrads were linear.Function megaspore was in the chalaza and the monosporic embryo sac is polygonum type,Mature embryo sac had 7 celled and 8 nuclei.(3)According to the relationship between external morphological characteristics and internal anatomy observation of P.mahaleb at different time.We could know that late March is the most important time of the differentiation and development of female reproductive cells in the Guanzhong district of Shaanxi Province,It was time to strengthen the water and fertilizer management for the good quality and high yield of P.mahaleb.

Abstract:Pollen morphology of 48 Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.germplasms was observed and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy.The observed results showed that pollen morphology of P.multiflorum Thunb.was mainly spheroidicity,a few long spheroidicity and subglobose and pollen shape of part germplasms was verging on phase from spheroidicity to long spheroidicity;mainly 3-labed-rounded with a few hemispheric,quadrangular,caved or plane triangle in part germplasms in polar views and mainly ellipse in equatorial views with a few triangle or quadrangular in part germplasms;with 3 germinal furrows which shape is long and narrow,almost reaching the poles.1 or 2 germinal furrows upheaved in the middle or near the poles,2 or 3 germinal furrows intersecting in the poles in part germplasms;the surface emblazonry was cave-shaped,with 1 ostiole in it in a few germplasms.The studied results showed that the species of P.multiflorum Thunb.is being at the active evolutionary stage and the rate of evolution is not synchro because of different regions and habitats.The evolutionary degree of low-latitude germplasms is higher than that of high-latitude germplasms.The primal center of origin of P.multiflorum Thunb.might be in the high-latitude,whose pollen morphology varied in different degrees in the migrating process from high-latitude to low-latitude.

Abstract:Position observation,pollen-ovule ratio and bagged pollination were utilized to study breeding system of Ceratoides arborescens.The results showed:(1)The pollen life was 6 days,and the pollen-ovule was 1 351 189±391 779;there were cross pollination and self-pollination,and cross pollination dominated;the breeding system belonged to facultative xenogamy.(2)The stigma receptivity of C.arborescens was 6 days if existing pollen (5～10 days after stigma exposed),than the stigma would be excessive growth;the stigma receptivity was longer in lacking of pollen and can not complete the pollination,may maintain 9~20 d (9～20 days after stigma exposed).(3)Artificial inseminate showed,the best time of inseminate was 6～7 days after stigma exposed,and had highest seed set (94.83%).The average seed set was 4.93% after the stigma lose the vitality (21 days after stigma exposed).Time range that had higher seed set was wider than the best stigma receptivity.It formated reproductive compensation mechanism in the long term evolutionary process:a higher P/O,the stigma receptivity was longer,In the advantage of having cross pollination,it also took self-pollination simultaneous,which is significant for wild population restoration.

Abstract:In order to further understand the mechanism of adventitious root formation and development of Tetraena mongolica Maxim.,we studied the dynamical changes of starch grain and protein accumulation by PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff)/S (Naphthol yellow S) in the origin and development of adventitious roots of T.mongolica Maxim..Results after cutting indicated that:（1）Starch grains were accumulation in the parenchyma cells between phellogen cambium and vascular cambium in stem.Starch grains achieved height value was reduced gradually with callus development continued in the callus development primary.(2)Proteins were reduced in the parenchyma cells between phellogen cambium and vascular cambium in stem.Parenchyma cells contains a little of proteins after callus formed.(3)Starch grains and proteins were mainly distributed in vigorous dividing cells,organ primodium,and adventitious roots cells and nearby cells.Protein and starch provided material and energy to formation and development of adventitious roots of T.mongolica Maxim..

Abstract:The effects of storage temperature on germination index,anatomy structure of ultradried seeds of Pugionium Gaertn.were studied by reducing the moisture content of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.and P.dolabratum Maxim.to 3.1%,2.2%,1.3%,respectively from the initial content by silica gel,and aged at 50 ℃,35 ℃ and 20 ℃ for 1 year,which would provide theoretical basis for aging and storage of the seed.The results indicated that:(1)The germination percentage,radicle length,radicle dry weight of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.and P.dolabratum Maxim.seeds decreased.(2)The activity of vascular tissue was first decreased and then the structure of parenchyma cell was destroyed by anatomical observation and assay,at the same time,starch granule activity and quantity decreased with the rising of the temperature and declining of the moisture content respectively.(3)After aging treatment between 20 ℃ and 35 ℃,seed germination and the activity of structure of the seed with initial moisture content of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.and P.dolabratum Maxim.seeds are 4.5% and 4.3%(CK),respectively were the best in all ultradried seeds.The ability of maintaining activity of P.dolabratum Maxim.seed was greater than that of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn.seeds.

Abstract:Caragana microphylla is one of the most widely distributed shrubs in fixed and semi-fixed sand land,semi-arid areas of northern China.Change on survival rate,plant height,osmotic regulation substances,protective enzymes and membrane permeability of C.microphylla in different sand burial depths was measured and its eco-adaption and physiological response to sand burial was studies during 2010-2011 in the Horqin Sand Land of Inner Mongolia to understand the mechanism of C.microphylla to adapt sand land environment.The results showed that:(1)The ability of C.microphylla seedlings to resist sand burial was weaker,the seedlings all died when depth of sand burial was 100% plant height.Changes of seedling survival rate were not significant at sand burial depth of 25% and 75% plant height.The plant height decreased significantly when sand burial depth was plant height 50%~75%,which show that the moderate and heavy sand burial cause the inhibition of C.microphylla growth.(2)At the buried depth of the height 25%,leaf water content increased,MDA content decreased,POD activity increased,the cell membrane was not harmed.Although the plant leaf water content decreased,MDA content increased.Due to the synergistic effects of SOD and POD to protect the cell membrane,the cell membrane is not damaged when the buried depth of the plant height was 50% and 75%.At the buried depth of the height 25%~75%,changes in the soluble sugar and proline were not significant because the sand burial stress is light and the cell membrane has not been damaged.It was concluded that C.microphylla seedlings can only withstands the partial burial by sand,all the seedlings died when subjected to completely sand burial.It was one of the main physiological mechanisms that soluble sugar and proline failed to play an effective role in osmotic adjustment process with a increase of sand burial stress.

Abstract:With low-light sensitive tomato variety ‘Jiersi’ as the tested material,we investigated the effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide（EBR） on the growth,gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,chlorophyll content,anti-oxidative enzyme activities and MDA content of tomato seedlings under low light stress by hydroponic culture.The research showed that there were significant effects on the growth and physiological function under low light.However,in the treatment of foliar spraying EBR for 15 days under low light,the stem diameter,shoot fresh weight,dry weight and healthy index of tomato seedlings were significantly increased by 15.8%,29.3%,79.0% and 114.5%,respectively；Net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,stomatal conductance（G_s） and transpiration rate（T_r） were significantly enhanced by 34.1%,46.3% and 35.9%,respectively；Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F_v/F_m,Ф_PSⅡ and ETR were raised by 21.0%,15.4% and 16.7%,respectively；SOD,POD,CAT and APX activities were increased by 16.7%,31.8%,32.7% and 51.2%,respectively.The plant height,leaf area,intercellular CO₂ concentration（C_i）,chlorophyll content and MDA content were decreased by 9.8%,13.9%,0.9%,13.2% and 19.5%,respectively.Hence,it was indicated that appropriate amount of exogenous EBR could mitigate lipid peroxidation injury by strengthening the protective enzymatic system activity,alleviate non-stomatal limitation which inhibited photosynthetic function under low light,and maintain the photosynthetic activity,promote growth.

Abstract:We investigated the parasitism rate,dry weight of shoot and root,plant height of different Helianthus annuus varieties in seedling stage,measured the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of enzyme PAL,SOD,POD and CAT in leaves after sowing 30,50 and 70 days,respectively.The seeds were sown in plastic pots and the soil was collected from continuous H.annuus cropping yield where the Orobanche cumana infection was severe.The results indicated that different H.annuus varieties in seedling stage exhibited obviously different resistance to O.cumana.Oil H.annuus varieties ‘T012244’ and ‘MGS’ were immune to O.cumana in seedling stage,‘S31’ and ‘Baiza 9’ showed a strong resistance to O.cumana.However,‘Xinghuodabaibian’ and ‘Baiza 6’ were sensitive to O.cumana in their seedling stage.Parasitization of O.cumana could restrain the growth of sensitive H.annuus varieties but hardly impact the growth of resistant H.annuus varieties.After parasitization of O.cumana,the MDA content and the PAL activity in leaves of ‘Xinghuodabaibian’ seedling increased significantly,which indicated an aggravated damage on H.annuus seedings.However,the MDA content in leaves of varieties‘T012244’and‘S31’ decreased and the activity of PAL did not significantly changed.The enzyme activities of SOD,POD and CAT in different H.annuus varieties all decreased after an initial increase.The change ranges of protective enzyme activities in immune varieties are bigger than that in sensitive varieties.The parasitization of O.cumana put the sensitive H.annuus varieties under environmental stress in seedling stage,defense reactions based on protective enzyme system were induced in seedling leaves.

Abstract:In order to investigate the relief effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside on plants under copper stress,Jatropha curcas was chosen.The effects of different concentrations of SNP and CuCl₂ on the growth of J.curcas seedlings were investigated and the appropriate concentrations of SNP (0.2 mmol/L) and ²⁺ (90 mmol/L) were selected.Then the effects of SNP on the contents of proline,malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities under ²⁺ stress were studied.The results showed that:(1)²⁺ treatments increased the contents of proline and MDA,the activities of catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and ascorbic acid specificity peroxidase (APX).(2)The pretreatment with SNP could further enhance the content of proline(Pro),the activities of CAT,SOD,POD and APX,decrease the MDA content under ²⁺ stress in seedling leaves.In general,0.2 mmol/L SNP can markedly relieve the oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidative enzymes’ activities and the free proline content,enhancing antioxidative ability of J.curcas seedlings under ²⁺ stress.

Abstract:In order to improve the apple postharvest resistance to mechanical damage to reduce storage losses,to explore the application of chitosan coating on fruit and vegetable preservation.With Fuji apple as material,by artificial simulation mechanical injury trials,we researched the flesh browning,related enzyme activities and resistance substances of Fuji apple at room temperature storage conditions.The results showed that:the chitosan coating reduces mechanical wound expansion,increases mechanical injury total phenol content of fruit,decreases PPO activity,so as to effectively inhibit the browning of the mechanical injury apple flesh during storage.The chitosan coating increases the mechanical injury apple POD and PAL activities,slows the decline of the phenolic substances,promotes the synthesis of lignin.Chitosan coating can effectively prevent enzymatic browning of mechanical injury apple during storage,reduce the accumulation of harmful substances in the pulp tissue,and promote the formation of callus.Thus the chitosan coating can increase the resistance to mechanical injury apple,effectively delay senescence.

Abstract:In this paper,we arranged a field experiment of N addition for the plantation of Atriplex canescens in Xidatan,Pingluo County,Ningxia Province.Based on the data of leaf C,N and P concentrations collecting in different seasons,we mainly explored the seasonal dynamics of leaf C∶N,C∶P and N∶P ratios of A.canescens,and their responses to N addition.We also discussed the correlation between leaf C∶N,C∶P and N∶P with leaf nutrient resorption.The results showed that:(1)During whole growing season,leaf C,N,P concentrations were higher in August and September but lower in June and November,whereas leaf C∶N,C∶P and N∶P ratios showed contrary trends;(2)N addition increased N concentration and N∶P ratio in green leaves,decreased C∶N ratio in green leaves,leaf N resorption proficiency (NRP) and P resorption proficiency (PRP),but had not clear effects on C concentration in green leaves,P concentration in green leaves,C∶P ratio in green leaves,leaf N resorption efficiency (NRE) and P resorption efficiency (PRE)；(3)Both NRE and NRP had positive correlations with C∶N ratio in senescing leaves.PRE positively correlated with P concentration in green leaves,but negatively correlated with that in senescing leaves.PRP positively correlated with P concentration in green leaves and C∶N∶P in senescing leaves,respectively,but negatively correlated with C concentration in senescing leaves.The above results suggest that,N addition accelerates N uptake in green leaves,reduces the ability of N and P resorption from senescing leaves,consequently improves decomposition quality of senescing leaves.Thus,future increase in atmospheric N deposition will alter plant N strategies in the way of N uptake,N distribution and N transfer,accelerate N release in senescing leaves,further have a direct effect on N cycling process and indirect effects on C and P cycling in plant-soil system.

Abstract:Samples of Alhagi sparsifolia and Nitraria roborowskii leaves were colleted on the south fringe of the Taklimakan desert.At different relative water contents (RWC),we investigated the characteristics of the water potential (ψ_w),stomatal conductance (G_s) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters changes.The results indicated that:(1)Under the dehydration stress,the initial G_s value of N.roborowskii was high as 495.7 mmol·m^-2·s^-1 and decreased slowly when RWC above 96%;While A.sparsifolia’s stoma responded quickly to the dehydration stress,it could control the G_s value in 180 mmol·m^-2·s^-1 and had a generally slow decrease.(2)N.roborowskii’s initial water potential was higher than A.sparsifolia’s and could maintain some stability in extent,but when RWC below 84%,its ψ_w began to decrease strongly under the level of A.sparsifolia’s,which always maintained more slowly.(3)The two’s leaves G_s to absolute ψ_w showed negative exponential regression relationship and there was a critical point of ψ_w to G_s of N.roborowskii as -2.2 Mpa,but A.sparsifolia had no clear point.(4)On the natural dehydration,both two showed F₀ rose significantly,F_v/F_m,F_v/F₀ values decreased.N.roborowskii had more severe damage to reaction centers,but A.sparsifolia’s F_v/F_m value more than 0.1 until RWC was 55%,indicating it’s PSⅡ reaction centers itself was stable,meanwhile,its TR_o/RC,RC/CS_o values posed fluctuate and its RC/CS_o changed insignificantly.N.roborowskii’s fluorescence specific activity values increased suddenly and the fluorescence curves distorted when RWC less than 78%.In summary,A.sparsifolia posed low water potential to tolerate dehydration and it may exist reaction centers lose activity reversible and energy trap to carry on heat dissipation and respond water stress,while N.roborowskii showed maintain high water potential to delay dehydration and its RWC point which stands for water stress utmost threshold was 78%.In all,A.sparsifolia as local dominant species have a better adaptability and tolerance and N.roborowskii is not suitable for the area to introduce and spread where or long term consistent drought or groundwater level fluctuates strongly exist.

Abstract:Selected nine cotton cultivars of different genotypes as experimental materials,the effect of regulating of source-sink ratio on some premature senescence characters were studied by removing basal two fruiting branches.The results showed that:(1)Regulating of source-sink ratio at early reproductive growth stage had great influence on transmitted photo-synthetically active radiation (TPAR),LAI,variation rate of SPAD in the leaf subtending seasonal boll,fruit abscission rate,red stem rate and single boll weight.The differences between control and treatment were significant (P＜0.05) or very significant (P＜0.01).The strength of delaying senescence was increasing with the growing process by removal of early fruiting branches.(2)The effect of delaying senescence was difference among different cotton genotypes by regulating of source-sink ratio at early reproductive growth stage.Clustering analysis indicated that the effects of retarding senescence on three cotton cultivars (Jiza-999,GK-34,QY-2) were the best,effects on five cotton cultivars (LuHBbiaoza-1 for example) were weak and effect on Chuanzamian-3 was intervenient.The above results suggested that cotton premature senescence could be delayed by removing basal fruiting branches at early reproductive growth stage,while the performance of retarding effect was inconsistent among different cotton genotype.

Abstract:Based on tracer method,the characteristics of water physiological integration pattern and the ecological effects in the series of roots,stolons and ramet leaves of clonal plant species Zoysia japonica were studied.H₂¹⁸O were introduced into the roots of multiple-nodes at different growing stages.The experimental habitats were heterogeneously high and homogeneously low.(1)H₂¹⁸O translocation in primary stolons showed both basal and distal directions with the later as the dominance.(2)In the former HH habitat,when H₂¹⁸O was initially absorbed by the roots of basal and middle multiple-nodes,the translocation of H₂¹⁸O at distal direction showed a trend of increasing-then-decreasing and decreasing-then-increasing pattern,respectively.In the latter HL habitat,when H₂¹⁸O was initially absorbed by the roots of middle multiple-nodes,the translocation of H₂¹⁸O at distal direction showed a trend of continuous increasing.In all these conditions,the translocation of H₂¹⁸O at distal direction reached the apexes of the clones.(3)In both HH and HL habitats,the translocation of H₂¹⁸O at basal direction mainly showed a decreasing trend.When analyzing the translocation of H₂¹⁸O in the primary stolons in both habitats,H₂¹⁸O was mainly allocated to the ramet leaves.The translocation of H₂¹⁸O in the secondary stolons showed acropetal tendency,and H₂¹⁸O reached apexes of the secondary stolons.(4)H₂¹⁸O in A ramet leaves were usually significantly higher than those in B ramet leaves,showing consistence with the growth and development pattern of Z.japonica clone;but in HH habitat,after H₂¹⁸O being absorbed by the roots of middle multiple-nodes,the allocation ¹⁸O in B ramet leaves were significantly higher than those in A ramet leaves,implying that the advantages of A ramets relative to B ramets were changeable sometimes.

Abstract:Based on the measurements of soil nutrients and microbe and canonical correspondence analysis of them,the paper aimed to reveal the relationships between soil nutrients and microbe in Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis plantations with different ages in southeastern Guangxi,China.The results indicated that:(1)The effect of stand ages on available phosphorus and pH were not significant,while that on other indexes differed greatly.Soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),and available nitrogen(AN) basically increased firstly and then decreased,and the details about peaks differed.(2)The effects of stand ages on the sum of soil microbial population,bacterium,fungi,and actinomycetes were evident:the sum of soil microbial population,population of bacterium,fungi,and actinomycetes had higher values in 3a and 8a stand plantations;the variation trend of bacterium was increasing firstly,and then decreasing,and finally increasing,which was identical with fungi,while the variation trend of actinomycetes was not evident;bacterium accounted for most percentage parts in the sum of microbial population,followed by actinomycetes and fungi.(3)All the affection of stand aging on soil microbial biomass of carbon(C_mic),nitrogen(N_mic),and phosphorus(P_mic) was distinct.The variation of C_mic performed in a broken-line manner,peaked at 8a plantation and followed by at 1a plantation;that of N_mic presented in a “V” shape,peaking at 1a and 8a plantations and lowest value existing in 3a plantation;the variation of P_mic was opposite to N_mic,peaking at 5a plantation and lowest values occurring in 1a and 8a plantations.(4)Canonical correspondence analysis showed that most of the relationships between soil main nutrients and soil microbes were not positive or not-significant.This indicated that soil main nutrients,soil microbe as well as the relation between them was not only affected by stand age,but also influenced by the topography factors.

Abstract:Studied on the natural recovery plant community in abandoned lands in the Minqin Oasis,downstream of the Shiyang River,which developed in deferent years by the index of the important value,species richness Margalef index,Simpson and Shannon-wiener diversity index,Alatalo and Pielou evenness index.The result shows that:(1)Plants of 34 species spread over 14 families live through fifty years appeared in abandoned lands in the study area.Shrubs was 6 species and herbs was 28 species among them,which were 17.65% and 82.35% respectively.The goosefoot family(8 species),the grass family(6 species),caltrop family(4 species) were 52.94% among them.(2)The following process of the plant community succession experienced in fifty years in study area:Convolvulus arvensis→Chenopodium album→Sonchus oleraceus→Peganum nigellastrum→Peganum harmala→Halogeton glomeratus→Lycium ruthenicum→Reaumuria soongorica→Kalidium foliatum.(3)Fluctuated downtrend showed by species richness and diversity index with the succession time growth.Downtrend in the first stage (1～5a) then fluctuated uptrend in the second stage showed by evenness index.Above all,the number of the species gradually reduced along with the development of plant community succession towards positive direction in abandoned lands,which experienced four stages,that was,the rapid recovery stage (1～5a) of annual herbaceous and perennial root plants,annual herb successes to perennial herb stage (5～15a),perennial herbs successes to perennial shrub stage (15～30a),perennial shrub plant arrived a stable relatively stage (30～50a).

Abstract:The better understanding of lily pollen storage characters not only provides scientific basis for solving different flower seasons and long distance hybridization during traditional crossing breeding,but also is essential for the storage of lily germplasm resources.Thus,pollens of twelve cultivars belonging to the Asiatic,Oriental and OT hybrids were used as research materials to find out the best media formula for most cultivar’s pollen.The time to survey the germination rate of lily pollen,different flower bud development phase ［color fully developed (-1 level),2/3 color developed (-2 level)] and treatments after collecting pollen ［tubes (No.1),putting cotton in tubes (No.2),putting cotton and drier in tubes (No.3)] were determined and discussed in this research.The results showed that:(1)Liquid culture medium containing 5% sucrose,formula 100(50) mg/L boric acid and 30(50) mg/L CaCl₂ was optimal for most cultivars.It was most suitable that testing the pollen germination rate after 24 h culturing.(2)The germination rate of pollens in -1 level was higher than those in -2 level.The -1 level’s pollen germination rate of ‘Tresor’ can reach 83.2% while -2 level was just 21%.In room temperature,the time of pollens keeping their vitality was the shortest.Most cultivar’s pollen couldn’t germinate after 20 days storage.4 and -20 ℃ were more suitable for short-time storage of pollen with no significant difference between them.(3)The Asiatic lily cultivars maintain 24.7%～55.9% germination rate while the Oriental lily cultivars maintain 6.8%～12.7% after 120 days storage.In -80 ℃,pollens maintain higher germination rates which were 26.7%～61.9% for the Asiatic lily cultivars and 7.1%～16.2% for the Oriental lily cultivars.(4)In three treatment methods,the germination rate of pollens in tubes with cotton and drier which was No.3 was higher than others under different storage temperatures.In summary,the best storage condition for lily pollen was putting cotton and drier in tubes (No.3) at -80 ℃.

Abstract:Ten compounds were isolated from the culture of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.12Y03 in Perilla frutescens.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as cyclo-(Pro-Gly)(1),cyclo-(Ser-Pro)(2),cyclo-(Ser-4-OH-Pro)(3),cyclo-(Ala-4-OH-Pro)(4),cyclo-(Gly-Phe)(5),cyclo-(Gly-Ala)(6),linoleic acid(7),α-linolenic acid(8),cerevisterol(9) and 22E,24R-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22-diene-3β,7α-diol(10).All compounds were isolated from this fungus for the first time.Compound 3 and 4 was shown to be moderate active toward brine shrimp larvae.

Abstract:The chemical constitutes of the EtOAc fraction from Lethariella zahlbruckneri (Dr.) Krog.,collected from Qinghai Province,were studied.Five compounds were isolated by repeated gel column chromatography,semi-prepared HPLC and re-crystallization.Their structures were characterized by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR.Compound 5 is vermicularin,belongs to depsides;Compound 1 is Methyl haematommate;Compound 2 is methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate;Compound 3 is methyl orsellinate;Compound 4 is ethyl orsellinate;The above four compounds all belong to cleavage products of depsides and depsidones.Compounds 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 were isolated from L.zahlbruckneri for the first time.

Abstract:Based on the studies of types and relative specimens of Brachytheciaceae (Bryophyta) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and foreign countries,Brachythecium trachypodium (Funck ex Brid.) Schimp.was firstly recorded in China.The distribution of Brachythecium collinum (Schleich.ex Müll.Hal.) Schimp.and Homalothecium philippeanum (Spruce) Schimp.in China,which has ever been mentioned by Chen P.-C.and not included in the Moss Flora of China,was reconfirmed.Morphological descriptions and illustrations of these three species were provided.This paper will provide new reference to Brachytheciaceae of China.

Abstract:Two genera and three species are reported as new records of spermatophyte flora to Shaanxi Province,China.2 newly recorded genera are Damnacanthus Gaertn.f.(Rubiaceae) and Echinocodon Hong (Campanulaceae).3 newly recorded species are Lysimachia crispidens (Hance) Hemsl.(Primulaceae),Damnacanthus officinarum Huang and Echinocodon lobophyllus Hong.

Abstract:Literature review did not yield any information of Ilex qianlingshanensis C.J.Tseng in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China.For the last three years,we observed and examined both male and female flowers,which were described and illustrated.Male inflorescence:cymes of order 2,axillary on current year’s branchlets,3～7 flowers,lavender.Female inflorescence:cymes of orderl solitary,axillary on current year’s branchlets,1～3 flowers,lavender or white.The taxonomic information of I.qianlingshanensis C.J.Tseng was supplemented and perfected.

Abstract:Stable carbon isotope analysis has become one of the most effective techniques in phytoecology.Due to the differences of carboxylation efficiency,the migration rate in plants and the effects of environment factors,the stable isotope ratio (δ¹³C) is variable in different plants.In this paper, the basic theory of stable carbon isotope and its biological mechanism through stomatal,mesophyll cell conductance and leaf carboxylation efficiency were presented.We discussed how did the environmental factors influence plants δ¹³C and analyzed applications of δ¹³C in community and ecosystem on different functional groups,community canopy and tree-rings.Moreover,we gave a brief introduction of carbon stable isotope technique applied in carbon cycle.We expect this review can be a useful base to the research of carbon stable isotope in plant ecology.