Abstract:Here a novel mutant zpr1 in Arabidopsis was screened and identified.In order to provide reference for crop architecture improvement,the phenotypic characteristics and molecular mechanism of the Arabidopsis mutant line zpr1 were studied.Mutant zpr1 is a recessive T-DNA insertion line and was investigated in phenotypic characteristics and genetic analysis.The gene was cloned and expressed in plant,as well as cis-acting elements were studied.(1)According to the observation of the phenotypic characters,comparing to the wild type Ws-2,the stem branch number of mutant line zpr1 was increased near terminal inflorescence.The stem leaves of mutant line zpr1 were lanceolate leaves different from the obovate leaves of wild-type.The other phenotypic characters such as the height of main inflorescence,plant height,branch height,and branch length in mutant zpr1 were higher than those in wild type,and the branch numbers were also higher.(2)Plasmid rescue and IPCR identified the position of mutant gene was 426 bp upstream of the start codon of the Arabidopsis gene ZPR1 and showed that the insertion of T-DNA fragment in the promoter region of ZPR1 abolished its expression.(3)Analysis of the cis-acting element of transcriptional regulatory region identified multiple regulatory elements which had relation to plant hormones and photoperiod.(4)The study on protein subcellular localization showed that ZPR1 protein mainly localized in cell membrane,occasionally localized in parts of cell membrane,cytoplasm and the nucleus.It revealed that the expression of ZPR1 has regulatory effects in the plant architecture development and the expression level will regulate the hormone sensitivity and light sensitivity.Eventually,this gene leads to the formation of plant type.

Abstract:Acyl-CoA-binding protein(ACBP) has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the intracellular trafficking and the utilization of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters.The objective of this study is to demonstrate the structure and function of the JcACBP.A complete CDS sequence of Acyl-CoA-binding protein gene(JcACBP) was cloned from the Jatropha curcas L.We analyzed the sequence and structure characteristics of its encoded protein,and its expression patterns in the different organism and the development of fruit by quantity RT-PCR.The complete CDS sequence is 279 bp,and encoded 92 amino acid residues with a putative molecular mass of 10.30 kD.JcACBP contained one conserved domain-ACBP superfamily.Evolutionary relationships analysis revealed a closer genetic relationship between the J.curcas L.JcACBP gene and that of Vernicia fordii(96%).JcACBP expression significantly in different organism and had the highest transcript profile in the fruit;the expression level of JcACBP had the same trends with the lipid accumulation in the fruit.

Abstract:To map the male-sterile gene in grape,we used a ‘WS’ population including 88 individuals derived from the selfing of ‘Wink’(Vitis vinifera L.) as materials.The bulked segregate analysis(BSA) technology was conducted to screen the polymorphism between the fertile and sterile pools by SSR technologies in order to locate the gene and carry out bioinformatics analysis.Two SSR markers of VVMD34 and VVIB23 were linked with VvMs1.They located on either sides with genetic distances of 3.5 cM and 1.9 cM,respectively.The physical distance between VVMD34 and VVIB23 is 1 134 kb based on the whole genome sequence of grape,and there are 111 candidate genes in this region.These results will benefit fine-mapping of male-sterile gene and marker-assisted selection(MAS) in grape breeding program.

Abstract:In order to screening candidate resistance related genes against Lily Fusarium Wilt,we constructed a suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) cDNA library from leaves of tissue-culture seedling of Lilium sargentiae Wilson induced by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lilii.300 clones of the forward SSH library were picked out randomly and sequenced,and then 280 qualified sequence tags(ESTs) were obtained.After functional annotation,168 ESTs were found putatively encoding functionally known protein.The function-known ESTs related to signal transduction,protein synthesis and transporters,disease resistance and defense,energy metabolism and transcription,etc.Among them,31 ESTs were the defense response genes,and 8 defense response ESTs(Catalase,ABC transporter,Kunitz trypsin inhibitor 4,Serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase,Polyubiquitin,lipoxygenase I,Serine/threonine-protein kinase,Arabidopsis thaliana) were analyzed by the semi-quantitative RT-PCR,the results showed they were upregulated by F.oxysporum f.sp.lilii and supposed to involved in the disease resistance reaction for Lily Fusarium Wilt.

Abstract:LBD genes encode plant-specific transcription factors which play key roles in the regulation of lateral meristem development as well as response to environmental stress.The phylogenetic studies of LBD family in Medicago truncatula have not been reported yet.In this study,with the application of bioinformatics methods,we identified the LBD family genes of M.truncatula through the whole genome screening.The gene structure,phylogeny,evolutionary pressure,conserved domains,chromosomal localization and expression patterns were further analyzed.A total of 56 M.truncatula LBD genes,distributed unevenly on 8 chromosomes,were identified and were classified into 2 classes and 5 subfamilies.The exon numbers of all the genes were no more than two,indicating a simple gene structure of this family.The gene pairs had evolved under the influence of negative selection.The expression profiles of M.truncatula LBD genes showed a characteristic of temporal and tissue specificity,and regulated by drought and nitrogen stress.This study provides a theoretical foundation for verifying the function of LBD genes in M.truncatula.

Abstract:Three full-length cDNA sequences of PGK genes(BnPGK1,BnPGK2 and BnPGK3) were obtained through electronic cloning method based on bioinformatics analysis of Arabidopsis PGK gene family for the study of Phosphoglycerate kinase(PGK) gene expression characteristics from Brassica napus.Specific primers were designed and cDNA of male sterile line 09A and maintainer line 09B were as templates to clone BnPGK full-length sequences.Real-time fluorescence quantitative specific primers were designed according to the obtained cDNA sequences.The Real-time quantitative analysis was conducted by using Quantitative PCR method.Results showed that the BnPGK genes expressed variously in different tissues,such as root,stem,leaf and bud of 09A and 09B,belong to constitutively expressed.Except BnPGK3 in the stem,the expression of BnPGK other genes of 09A were higher than that of 09B in root,stem and leaf,but the expression of BnPGK genes of 09B were higher than that of 09A and the expression of BnPGK1 and BnPGK3 of 09B was 2 times than that of 09A in bud.

Abstract:The sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) were used to analyze 80 Ziziphus jujuba Mill.hybrid individuals and their parental lines for detecting true or false hybrids and their genetic variation.Fifteen pairs of primers that generated clear,reproducible and polymorphic bands were selected from 88 pairs of SRAP primers by constructing a gene pool.The results showed that:(1)There are 95 polymorphic bands produced by fifteen primer pairs and the average polymorphic bands was 6.3 per primer pair with a high rate of polymorphism.(2)44 truehybrids were identified among 80 hybrids with paternal characteristics.Diversity and UPGMA cluster analysis showed significant genetic variation of hybrids.The genetic similarity coefficients between individual and parental are from 0.55 to 0.98.The results provided an important molecular data for crossbreeding in Ziziphus jujuba Mill..

Abstract:In this study,the taxonomic status of an elite sugarcane germplasm,‘Deyang Dayezi’ in the Saccharum L.was ascertained by comparing the phenotypical,karyotypical and SSR markers data to that of S.officinarum L.,S.sinense R.,S.barberi J.and hybrid varieties,to provide a base for the utilization of this germplasm in interspecific hybridization.The results showed that:(1)Both phenotypic trait analysis and SSR marker analysis showed that S.officinarum,S.sinense and the hybrid varieties were clustered into three groups,and the average phenotypic similarity coefficients between ‘Deyang Dayezi’ and S.officinarum,S.sinense,S.barberi and the hybrid varieties were 0.51,0.71,0.55 and 0.31,respectively,suggesting the closest relativeness between ‘Deyang Dayezi’ and S.sinense;(2)The karyotype analysis showed that the karyotype of ‘Deyang Dayezi’ was 2n=116=4M+104m+8sm,which belonging to the 2B karyotype,and fell into with the chromosome number range of S.sinense;(3)The UPGMA cluster analysis of SSR markers derived from the 13 primer pairs showed that the average similarity coefficients between ‘Deyang Dayezi’ and S.officinarum,S.sinense,S.barberi and the hybrid varieties were 0.70,0.69,0.68 and 0.69,respectively,and there was not significant difference in these similarity coefficients.Theses results suggested that ‘Deyang Dayezi’ could be included in the species of S.sinense or be considered as a low pedigree material of S.sinense hybrids.

Abstract:DNA fingerprintings of 30 main Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties were analyzed using SSR core primers.These experimental materials mainly derived from Deltapine,Stoneville,Foster and Uganda pedigrees,and they have been or are being planted in different ecological cotton-growing areas in China.Twenty pairs of 1 803 primers were confirmed as core primers with stable repeatability and rich polymorphism.These primers belonged to 15 cotton chromosomes,and amplified a total of 116 alleles with an average of 5.8.Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.384 to 0.900 with an average of 0.716,and marker index (MI) values ranged from 1.152 to 9.000 with an average of 4.374.Four of the 30 varieties had their specific primers,by which each variety could be distinguished from the other varieties;each of the other 26 varieties could be distinguished from the other varieties by using at least 2 pairs of primer combinations.In order to identify the 30 varieties more conveniently and accurately,their decimal digital fingerprinting codes were also constructed based on their electrophoresis patterns of the 20 core primers.This study provides important references for identification and purity detection of cotton variety,protection of intellectual property rights and standard database construction of DNA fingerprinting of Upland cotton.

Abstract:The chromosome number and karyotypes of five Saussurea species were analyzed by traditional squash method.The result showed that:S.macrota was 2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,karyotype belongs to stebbing 2A type.S.dolichopoda was 2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,karyotype belongs to stebbing 2A type.S.licentiana was 2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,karyotype belongs to stebbing 2B type.S.populifolia was 2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,karyotype belongs to stebbing 2B type.S.caudata was 2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,karyotype belongs to stebbing 2A type.In these five species,the chromosome numbers and karyotype of S.macrota species reconfirmed previous reports,while the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of other four species were presented in this paper for the first time,and a pair of B chromosome was discovered in S.licentiana.

Abstract:‘Xinxin 2’ and ‘Wen 185’ for two early bearing walnuts varieties in Xinjiang were used as materials in the experiment.Their female flowers were treated with three kinds of apomixis methods:sulphuric acid paper bagging,PVA enveloping stigma and cutting stigma.The natural pollination was used as control,then the tissue structure changes of apomixis endosperm and embryo development were observed in the two walnut varieties.The results indicated:(1)Natural fruit setting percentage of ‘Xinxin 2’ walnut was higher than that of ‘Wen 185’ walnut.However,its rate of apomixes was lower than that of the ‘Wen 185’ walnut;(2)The fruit developed by apomixis was smaller than natural fruit;(3)The two varieties’ embryo sac belonged to polygonum-type.The embryo matured gradually passing ten days.(4)The apomixis embryos of the two varieties came from egg cell.The egg cell began to mitosis,formed two cell embryos,4-cell embryos,8-cell embryos and multicellular embryos,then completed embryos development through three stages of globular embryos,heart-shaped embryos,torpedo-shaped embryos,all these for ten days.This embryos development belonged to the parthenogenesis type;(5) The two varieties’ endosperms were karyotype,its dipolar nucleus formed endosperm cell at late after 8 days.

Abstract:The morphogenesis of inflorescence,flower and fruit of Thyrocarpus glochidiatus was observed under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed:(1)The inflorescence of T.glochidiatus came from the splits of the first spherical inflorescence primordium,and its development way conformed to the cincinnus rather than drepanium or bostryx.And the floral primordium in the inflorescence formed one after one and every floral primordium has a subtending bract primordium.Floral primordium initiated in the axil of last bract.Two adjacent floral primordial were alternate.(2)The pentamerous flowers were typically tetramerous and the floral organs initiated in centripetal order:calyx primordia,corolla primordia,androecium primordia,gynoecium primordia;though the androecium primordia appeared after the corolla primordia,they grew quicker than the latter,so the floral organs developed in incompletely centripetal order:calyx primordia,androecium primordia,corolla primordia,gynoecium primordial.(3)The ovary with four deep clefts had formed in the early stage of gynoecium primordium.(4)The two layers of the nutlet were formed by the upper part of the marginal organization growing inward and upward and the base growing circumferential tissue outside.

Abstract:Comparative studies on morphology and structure of the leaf and stem of 10 Euphorbia species were performed using the method of paraffin sectioning and leaf epidermal isolating.The results showed that:(1)The cell morphology of upper and lower epidermis,stomatal size and distribution,and the leaf structure of these 10 species are significantly different.The stem structure also showed certain differences.(2)Based on the characteristics of the stem and leaf,the principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed using Statistica 6.0 analysis software,and the systematic relationships of 10 Euphorbia species were discussed.It was found that E.humifusa was most closely related to E.maculata,and E.jolkini was most closely related to the E.lunulata.On the contrary,E.kansui was distantly related to others.These results provided experimental basis for the classification of genus Euphorbia.

Abstract:Variations of endogenous hormone content in seeds of Cornus macrophylla during cold stratification were studied with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELSA),the relationship between endogenous hormone content and seed dormancy and germination was analyzed.The result showed that:(1)IAA content in seeds dropped in the early phase of cold stratification,but that rebounded after brief continuant time,and the variation of IAA/ABA was the same.ABA content in seeds was high before cold stratification,but as the extension of treatment time that tended to fall.Both GA_1/3 content and GA_1/3/ABA were gradually increasing with the delay of the low-temperature stratification time.Variations of both ZRs and iPAs contents showed a smooth and steady situation,they trended to increasing despite some fluctuations.(2)The seeding experiment showed that the time of low-temperature stratification has important effects on seeds germination.Germination rate and germination potential of seeds without the low-temperature stratification treatment and these of processing time was less than 90 d were zero,the two index rose as the extension of stratification time.Thus effect of stratification time on seed germination of C.macrophylla seeds was obvious.(3)The results of correlation analysis between endogenous hormone and germination indexes showed that there were significantly positive correlation(P<0.05) between GA_1/3 and germination rate,germination potential,and the correlation coefficients were 0.688 and 0.662,respectively.Increase of GA_1/3/ABA could promote the releasing dormancy and germination of C.macrophylla seeds.

Abstract:The allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus grandis leaves with different status on morphology and resistance physiology of Raphanus sativus seedlings (receiver plant) were studied.The seedling was breed with perlite as cultivated substrate.Different status of E.grandis leaves including tender leaves (T₁),old leaves (T₂),the leaf litter from ground surface in a 4-year-old plantation (T₃) and the half-decomposed leaf litter (T₄) were chosen,and their aqueous extracts were prepared by soaking different amount (30 g,15 g and 7.5 g,dry weight) of leaves in equal amount of water (900 mL),resulting into four concentrations for each kind of leaves.The distilled water was used as the control (CK).The results were as follows:(1)The extracts of E.grandis leaves in different status significantly inhibited the root length of R.sativus,with the extract of tender leaves having the strongest inhibition and the half-decomposed leaf litter showing the weakest inhibition.(2)The activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in R.sativus were elevated treated with all levels of all extracts.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in R.sativus was increased by exposure to the tender leaves (T₁) extract regardless of the concentration,and to other extracts under the high concentration,while the activity of SOD decreased when exposed to other extracts of low concentrations.(3)The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased under leaf extracts with low concentrations,while increased under those with high concentrations.(4)The soluble sugar (SS) content of the receiver plant was higher in the presence of the extract of tender leaves regardless of the concentrations,compared to CK,while with the increasing extract concentration of old leaves and half-decomposed leaves.SS content presented a decrease trend after an increase.Soluble protein (SP) content increased with the increasing concentration of all kinds of extracts,and the differences became significant under all concentrations for leaves T₂ and T₃ when compared to CK.On the whole,the aqueous extracts of different status leaves of E.grandis showed remarkable allelopathic effects on the growth and resistance physiology of R.sativus seedlings,with the extract of tender leaves exhibiting the strongest effect,followed by the old leaves and the leaf litter from ground surface,and then the half-decomposed leaf litter.

Abstract:With three different salt tolerance Brassica napus inbred lines 2205(strong salt-tolerant),487(medium salt-tolerant) and 1423(sensitive) seedlings as tested materials,we studied the variation of several physiological indexes(the contents of MDA,soluble sugar,betaine and chlorophyll) after NaCl treatments 0(CK),60 mmol·L^-1(low salt),120 mmol·L^-1(mid-low salt),180 mmol·L^-1(medium salt),240 mmol·L^-1(high salt) and its relationship with salt resistance in the 5-leaf stage by soil culture and hydroponics,to provide theoretical guidance for the evaluation of rapeseed salt tolerance.The results showed that:(1)Leaf MDA content under low salt and mid-low salt stress reduced and significantly lower than that of CK(no salt stress),under medium salt and high salt stress significantly increased,and the content in 2205 is the lowest and increase the minimum,while the content in 1423 is the highest and furthest.(2)Leaf soluble sugar content reduced under low salt and mid-low salt stress,(but for 2205 that is significantly higher than that of CK under mid-low salt stress),increased under medium salt and high salt stress and is significantly higher than that of CK.The soluble sugar content is the highest level and the biggest increase in 2205,and significantly higher than that in 487 and 1423.while the soluble sugar content is the lowest and the smallest increase in 1423.(3)The betaine content increased with the increase of concentration of NaCl.The content were significantly increased in 2205 and 487 above the mid-low concentration of salt stress,only raised significantly in 1423 under high salt stress.The content is the most and the highest levels in 2205 and the lowest and the smallest increase in 1423.(4)Leaf chlorophyll content increased significantly under low salt and mid-low salt stress,of which is the highest levels in 2205 and the biggest increase.The chlorophyll content significantly reduced under medium salt and high salt stress,especially under high salt stress the chlorophyll content is low,of which is the lowest and highest reduce in 1423.This study can be concluded that below the mid-low salt concentration(120 mmol·L^-1),NaCl stress may promote the rape seedling growth;above the medium salt concentration(180 mmol·L^-1),rape seedling growth was significantly inhibited,rapeseed will be more severe injuries with the higher NaCl concentration.At rapeseed seedling growth stage,the physiological indicators changed significantly when NaCl stress concentration at the 120-180 mmol·L^-1;this concentration range may be suitable for the identification of salt resistance strength.Various physiological indicators showed that 2205 with strong salt resistance,1423 with the worst salt resistance,which are consistent with the actual performance of germination stage and seedling stage result.

Abstract:In order to know the effects of selfing on cold resistance and its physiological and biochemical characteristics in winter turnip rape,we comprehensively studied six winter rapeseed varieties in different ways of pollination.Results indicated that:(1)Only the content of MDA raised,SOD,CAT,POD activities and soluble protein,free proline contents were declined compared with open-pollinated.(2)Similarly,lower survival rates of the selfing progenies are investigated in the extremely cold condition of the northwest.Meanwhile,all the indicators measured showed the same trend of increasing,and the most significant variation in CAT activity as well as the pre-cooling and after cooling.These conclusions indicated that self-pollination could cause for depression of biochemical and physiological characterization and wintering rates in winter turnip rape,there by possibly impacting the cold hardiness.So we should avoid geitonogamy which arouses the negative effects in winter turnip rape breeding.

Abstract:In this test,the change of fatty acid content and lipoxygenase(LOX) activity of Cabernet Sauvignon peel during berry development,upon treatment with wounding and MeJA were studied.The results showed that:(1)LOX activity increased to the peak at 12 weeks after anthesis.Wounding treatment was carried on berries at 15 weeks after anthesis,and LOX activity increased to the peak at 3 h after wounding.In addition,MeJA treatment was carried on berries at 15 weeks after anthesis,LOX activity increased to the peak at 24 h after MeJA treatment.(2)The major saturated fatty acids were hexadecanoic acid and stearic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major unsaturated fatty acids.(3)The content of fatty acid was increased initially and then declined gradually during berry development,and was volatile after wounding treatment which was carried at 15 weeks after anthesis.The content of fatty acid was increased significantly at 24 h after MeJA treatment which was carried at the 17 weeks after anthesis.

Abstract:To further optimize Camellia oleifera regeneration system,and to understand about the physiological characteristics of different age of explants,we chose ‘Changlin 53’ young embryo,made multi-factor and multi-level orthogonal experiment.The results showed that:The fruit rapid growth in July and August,the content of soluble protein,total soluble sugar and sucrose slowly increased in this time.The content of ABA(110.13 ng·g^-1),the ratio ABA and ZR(13.47) reached the highest in immature embryo.Effect of the inducing 2,4-D on somatic embryo was the largest,followed by was embryo age.The optimal formula of ‘Changlin 53’ somatic embryo induction was took in MS added 0.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D,0.5 mg·L^-1 KT,0.05 mg·L^-1 TDZ and 500 mg·L^-1 Gly,then took the immature embryo in rapid expanding period as explants.Great influence of the IAA on embryoids germination,the optimal formula of somatic embryo germination and plantlet growth was in MS added 2 mg·L^-1 IAA,0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA,0.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ and 500 mg·L^-1 CH.

Abstract:In this paper,diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis physical-ecological characters,P_n-PAR and P_n-C_i response curves were measured,and the relationship between P_n and main ecological factors was analyzed in three young sandy plants seedlings.The results showed that:(1)Diurnal dynamics curves of net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of Morus alba,Apocynum lancifolium and Atraphaxis bracteata appeared “bimodal-peak”,“single-peak” and “continued to decline” types,respectively.(2)Water utility efficiency(WUE) and light utility efficiency(QUE) of A.bracteata was higher than that of A.lancifolium and M.alba’s.M.alba has a strong ecological adaptation range for light intensity,the range of using light intensity of A.lancifolium is relatively narrow,so photosynthetic potential is not high.The maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_max) of A.bracteata was the highest,which suggested its photosynthetic capacity was higher also,A.lancifolium has the highest CO₂ compensation point(CCP) and saturation point(CSP),at the same time,with smaller P_max.(3)The atmospheric temperature(T_a) has greater direct and indirect impact on P_n of M.alba and A.lancifolium,and vapor pressure deficit(VPD) coupling T_a had larger indirect effects on P_n of A.bracteata and A.lancifolium.To sum up,in terms of photosynthetic physiological adaptability.As preventing and desertification controling plant material,A.bracteata can be planted in the sandy slope with full light,M.alba in the transition zone of oasis and desert afforestation,and A.lancifolium in the sandy slope with weak light condition.

Abstract:The plant growth,selenium(Se) uptake and transportation in plant organs of flue-cured tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’ exposed to soil with different Se concentration(0.30,0.45,1.00,1.75 mg·kg^-1) were studied by a pot experiment in tobacco growing areas of Chizhou,Anhui province.Results showed that:(1)The appropriate amount of Se in soils(≤1.00 mg·kg^-1) stimulated plant growth but high concentration Se(≥1.75 mg·kg^-1) inhibited plant growth.The Se concentration in the roots,shoots,and leaves of the tobacco plants significantly increased with the increase of Se in soils.(2)The pattern of total Se concentration in the tobacco plant tissues followed the order:root>leaf>shoot.The Se concentration in root was 2～3 times of the corresponding leaf,and leaf was 3～4 times of the stem.(3)When the Se concentration of soil increased from 0.30 to 1.75 mg·kg^-1,the root absorption index(RAI) of Se significantly reduced from 1.08 to 0.36,but the secondary transport index(STI) of Se significantly increased from 2.84 to 4.03.These suggested that the Se absorption efficiency of root was decreased,while the transport and accumulation of Se in leaf were increased with increasing Se concentration in soil.(4)The plants accumulated the maximum Se(72 μg) when the amount of Se in soils was 1.00 mg·kg^-1.Therefore,we could produce Se-enriched tobacco leaf under soil Se concentration within the range of 0.45 to 1.00 mg·kg^-1 without spraying Se fertilizer to reduce the cost and avoid soil and water pollution caused by exogenous Se.

Abstract:The adaptability of Picea mongolica and Picea crassifolia seeds to ecological factors was studied by the effects of water and salt stress on the germination characteristics and seedling growth.The results showed that:(1)The restriction of PEG-6000 and NaCl stress to seed germination and seedling growth of P.mongolica and P.crassifolia seeds were more significant (P<0.05).The critical value and maximum value of water stress were -0.03 MPa,-0.15 MPa and -0.5 MPa,-0.58 MPa;the critical value and maximum value of salt stress were 78 mmol/L,148 mmol/L and 284 mmol/L,345 mmol/L.(2)After salt stress relieve,the recovery germination rate(RGR) decrease after increase first with the increase of osmotic potential and NaCl concentration.(3)At same water potential,the PEG-6000 solutions were inhibitorier than NaCl solutions to seed germination and seedling growth;the osmotic stress was the dominant restrain factor and ionic toxic action was less than it.The research found that P.mongolica and P.crassifolia seeds showed certain tolerance to water and salt stress,their tolerant ability to salt stress was strong than to water stress.P.crassifolia seeds tolerant ability to salt and water stress was strong than that of P.mongolica;Low salinity and sufficient water supply are the most important for the survival of P.mongolica and P.crassifolia seeds.

Abstract:Different fertilization approaches were used in the Kobresia humilis Meadow in Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station in order to study the impacts on plant community structure and function.The results showed that:(1)Fertilization reduced the species richness,ranked in the following order:controlled trial>potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen>nitrogen-phosphorus>phosphorus-potassium>nitrogen-potassium>nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium.(2)The treatment,Shannon-Wiener index of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of the controlled trial (P<0.05),while the other treatments had no significant effects on the Shannon-Wiener index.(3)Under the same fertilizer treatment,the important value of Gramineae,Cyperaceae and Leguminosae increased,but Forbs reduced;the important values of Gramineae and Cyperaceae were obviously higher than those of Leguminosae and Forbs.(4)Different fertilization (except potassium) treatments increased K.humilis meadow plant community height.(5)Potassium and phosphorus-potassium adding had no significant difference (P>0.05),while other nutrients and the combination of nutrients significantly increased K.humilis community aboveground biomass (P<0.01),and the order was that:nitrogen-phosphorus>nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen-potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus-potassium>potassium>controlled trial.(6)Under the different kinds of fertilizer,functional groups biomass ratio of K.humilis meadow changed significantly,Gramineae and Cyperaceae increased,Forbs reduced,and Leguminosae had no general rules.(7)Nitrogen-phosphorus and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium were the best fertilization choices in this alpine K.humilis meadow on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,when comprehensive evaluated using the Entropy method.

Abstract:The sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province,South-central China covers 1.625×10⁵ hm².It is the most severe region of eco-environment,and at the same time,the most representative eco-catastropie region in South China.Therefore,ecosystem restoration of the present problem area has been focused.Since,re-vegetation is the first of any restoration program conducted,by which,land cover will be safe for further wastage.Thus,to comprehend the soil seed bank properties under different soil-used models,we investigated the soil seed bank in hill closing(20 a)(Ⅰ),abandoned farmland(2 a)(Ⅱ) and farmland(Ⅲ),using the “seed germination” method.The objectives of the present study were:How land-used influences the species composition in the ecosystem?What relationship exists between soil seed banks and re-vegetation?Results indicated:(1)The average seed density among three different land-used models were followed the order as model Ⅱ＞model Ⅲ＞model Ⅰ.(2)The effect of soil depth on seed number was significantly different as the highest seed number was found in 0～5 cm soil layer and showed decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth.(3)The Czekanowski similarity indices of three different land-used models seed banks were low(0～0.399 8).Patrick richness(R) among three different land-used models were followed the order as model Ⅱ(16)＞model Ⅰ(14)＞model Ⅲ(13)(P＞0.05),the Shannon-Wiener indices(H) and Pielou evenness indices(E),model Ⅱ＞model Ⅲ＞model Ⅰ(P＜0.05),the Simpson indices(D),model Ⅰ＞model Ⅲ＞model Ⅱ(P＜0.05).(4)Most abundant herbaceous species composition was the member of Compositae and Gramineae family indicated the re-vegetation laid early stage of primary succession.(5)Model Ⅰ and model Ⅱ belonged to progressive succession(model Ⅰ stayed higher succession stages),and model Ⅲ,retrogressive succession.All the results indicated it was possible but difficult for ecosystem restoration only by soil seed bank in the area.Based on the consideration of natural re-vegetation potential,artificial restoration strategy in combination with natural re-vegetation should be employed,to accelerate the re-vegetation for a sustainable and healthy ecosystem on sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province,South-central China.

Abstract:In the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,with coarse woody debris(CWD)in the four kinds of different Tsuga longibracteata mixed forests(A-D) as the research object,by the method of natural wind dry and indoor soak,we carried out CWD quantitative analysis and comparative study for water storage capacity in the process of water and dehydration according to types (fallen woods,snags,stumps) and decay classes(I-V,from slight to severe degrees).The results showed that:(1)different T.longibracteata mixed forests arranged order by modified interception amount of CWD:T.longibracteata+Lithocarpus glabra+Pinus massoniana mixed forests(B,14.21 t/hm²)>T.longibracteata+Castanopsis eyrei+Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(C,7.78 t/hm²)>T.longibracteata+C.glauca+Michelia maudiae mixed forests(D,6.99 t/hm²)>T.longibracteata+Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests(A,4.74 t/hm²);The various types of CWD arranged order by modified interception:Fallen woods(19.579 t/hm²)＞Snags(8.494 t/hm²)＞Stumps(5.661 t/hm²);(2)In the water-absorption process,arrange the water storage capacity and water-absorption rate of the CWD with different Tsuga longibracteata mixed forests according to size:B>D>C>A,while in the water-losing process,arrange the water storage capacity and water-losing rate of the CWD with different T.longibracteata mixed forests according to size:B>C>A>D;(3)The CWD of different decay calsses according to water storage capacity,water-absorption rate and water-losing rate for size:Ⅱ＞Ⅵ＞Ⅲ＞Ⅴ＞Ⅰ.The studies showed that:the size difference of CWD storage of water is connected with the community types,decay classes,water holding capacity of CWD and other factors.The rate of water and dehydration is also closely related to its water-holding capacity,water storage capacity and decay classes.The natural water holdup of CWD is compounded by the increasing decay class.And the decay class of CWD is higher,the change of water storage rate of CWD is more obvious.The differences of decay class of CWD is great influence on its water storage capacity.Fallen woods have the good water-holding capacity,and the total storage of them is much larger than that of snags and stumps,so they have a strong practical ability to intercept rainfall.

Abstract:Effects of different grazing rest modes on plant community characteristics and underground biomass of alpine meadow-steppe were investigated in Eastern Qilian Mountains.The three grazing treatments were traditional grazing (TG),grazing rest in growing stage (RG) and non-grazing (NG).The results indicated that the height of gramineous,leguminous,sedge and forbs plant functional groups increased,aboveground and belowground biomass of gramineous plants,and the dominant gramineous plant important values of Elymus nutans were all increased with grazing ceasing of RG or NG,especially obvious with NG.However,the important values and the ratio in aboveground and underground community biomass of forbs were all decreased.The Shannon-Wiener index (H),Pielou evenness index (J),richness index (S) and total density of plant community are in an order of NG

Abstract:Based on field investigation and references,we analyzed the floristic characteristics of seed plant in Qinling Mt.,and the relationship between the folra of Qinling Mt.and 7 floras.The results showed that:(1)There are 3 839 species belonging to 164 families and 1 052 genera in Qinling Mt..(2)The geographical elements of the flora are comparatively complex,and the genera of temperate are the dominant areal types(618 genera,account for 58.75),but there was a transition from subtropical to temperate types.Thus,the research area is an important intersection region.(3)There were many ancient and relict spermatophyte species in Qinling Mt.,which represented a large proportion of endemic Chinese species and those with a nationally conserved status.Tertiary relict plant species are rich in abundance and they form an important part of plant communities in Qingling Mt.,which indicates that the origin of the flora is very ancient.(4)The flora of Qinling Mt.is very closed to Dabieshan Mt.,Bashan Mt.and Hengduanshan Mt.,and less close to Sejishan Mt..It is far from the north Qilianshan Mt.and Helanshan Mt..This shows that the Qinling Mt.range is the acknowledged north-south climatic boundary.

Abstract:One genus of Compositae and five species belonging to 3 families (Compositae,Gentianaceae and Labiatae) of Angiosperms are reported for the first time in Gansu Province.They are Matricaria Linn.,Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter ex Britton,Saussurea woodiana Hemsl.,Saussurea tatsienensis Franch.,Gentiana grumii Kusnez.and Scutellaria hypericifolia Lévl.,respectively.

Abstract:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides,they can regulate gene expression at transcription and post-transcription level as signals,decoys,guides,and scaffolds.Compared to the expression of protein-coding genes,expression of lncRNAs is lower,but they have important function in X chromosome silencing,genomic imprinting,chromosome modification,transcription activation,transcription interference and nuclear transport.In comparison to small noncoding RNAs,the function of lncRNAs is largely unclear.Advance are highlighted according to origin,classification,molecular mechanism,function and evolution of long noncoding RNAs,which providing a guide for further study of function and molecular mechanism of lncRNAs.