Abstract:An expressed sequence of tags (EST) which was highly similar to the calmodulin-like13 (CML13) gene of Arabidopsis was obtained,through sequencing of clones randomly selected from previously constructed cDNA library of Olimarabidopsis pumila leaves.This gene was cloned from leaf cDNA of O.pumila by RT-PCR technique,which was designated as OpCML13.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of OpCML13 gene contained 447 bp encoding a peptide of 148 amino acids residues.The structural analysis of OpCML13 showed that it included four EF-hands motifs,and it is a hydrophilic protein,and no signal peptide and no transmembrane domain were found in OpCML13 protein indicating it is not a transmembrane protein.The tertiary structural analysis of OpCML13 through Swiss-model showed that it contained eight α-helixes and 10-β-turns.Phylogenetic tree revealed that OpCML13 showed closer genetic kinship with AtCML13 and AtCML14 of A.thaliana indicating that they belonged to the same evolutionary branch.Expression analysis by RT-PCR indicated that OpCML13 displayed a much broader expression range in different tissues in O.pumila,with a maximum expression in root.Under stress,expression of OpCML13 was induced with different kinetics and magnitude.The expression of OpCML13 was up-regulated as early as 6~24 h of salt treatment before rapidly returning normal level.OpCML13 mRNA significantly increased after cold,drought and ABA treatment for 6 h and remained elevated for at least 6 h.Our research indicated that OpCML13 played an important role in adversity stress.

Abstract:The full-length cDNA of the vacuolar pyrophosphatase(VP1) from halophyte Chenopodium glaucum was cloned by using RACE technique,and was named as CgVP1.It contained a 2 292 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 763 amino acid polypeptide.This sequence of CgVP1 contained DVGADLVGKVE,a consensuses sequence in plant VP1 proteins.CgVP1 shared more than 86% similarity with VP1s from other plants.Transmembrane domain prediction showed that CgVP1 contained 12 trans-membrane helix regions,and sub-cellularly localized in cellular membrane system.RT-PCR results showed that when C.glaucum was treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl during the germination and growth,and then treated with 800 mmol/L NaCl for 24 h,the expression of CgVP1 gene was significantly increased compared to the control which was not pre-treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl.When C.glaucum was treated with different concentrations of KCl,CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ for 24 h,respectively,the expression of CgVP1 was down regulated with the increase of the concentrations of KCl and MgCl₂,whereas CaCl₂ did not influence the expression of CgVP1.These results indicated that the expressions of CgVP1 response differentially to different types of salt treatments,and NaCl stress can induce its expression.This study can help to understand the regulatory function of VP1 in halophyte C.glaucum under salt stress.

Abstract:Sapium sebiferum is one of the most important oil trees.SAD(stearoyl-acyl ACP desaturase) protein is a dehydrogenase,which is a key factor for transforming saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid in oil plant.We expressed and purified SsSAD from Sapium sebiferum in E.coli to investigate its function.The result suggested that:(1)The full length cDNA encoding SsSAD was amplified by RT-PCR from Sapium sebiferum and cloned into cold shock inducible expression vector pCold TF.The recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL 21 star (DE3) strain for gaining of the genetic engineering strain.(2)The transformed strain was induced with IPTG(isopropylthio-D-galactoside)for expressing fusion protein at low temperature.Results showed that the recombinant protein with a molecular mass 101 kD was highly expressed in E.coli and present both in the supernatant and the pellet part of E.coli lysates.The supernatant was further purified by affinity chromatography and detected by Western blotting,which demonstrated that high quality recombinant protein was obtained and laid the foundation for investigation on the structure and function of SsSAD.

Abstract:The expression profiles of 6 AGO genes(AGO1,AGO2,AGO4,AGO5,AGO7 and AGO10)in different tissues and developmental stages of maize seedling(Zea mays L.inbred line,‘Chang 7-2’)were analyzed by the method of real-time quantitative PCR.Results showed that:(1)AGO1,AGO2,AGO4 and AGO7 were accumulated more in the seedlings at the 5th day after maize seed germination than that at the 8th day,exhibiting more expression in dividing cells and newborn tissues,which indicated that AGO1,AGO2,AGO4 and AGO7 might play roles in meristem of maize seedling at the early stage after germination.(2)AGO5 and AGO10 were only expressed in leaves and shoot tips,AGO5 mainly expressed in the newborn leaves and shoot tip at the 8th day after germination,while AGO10 showed migration in leaves during development.

Abstract:We used close linkage molecular markers of resistance genes Lr46/Yr29/Pm39,Sr2/Yr30 and Lr68 to analysis the genetic characteristics of the resistance genes in the BC₁F₁ and F₂ descendant populations.The BC₁F₁ and F₂ descendant populations both came from ‘RL6077’ and ‘Xinong 979’.Combined with the main agronomic traits,we could deeply comprehend the gene heredity rule of wheat disease resistance genes as well as the correlation with agronomic traits.We also evaluated the background response rates of 92 plants in the BC₁F₁ population who have three kinds of resistance genes at the same time.The result showed that:(1)In the F₂ population the transfer rate of gene Lr68 (65.41%) is lower than theory,but the transfer rate of Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 (75.83%) and Sr2/Yr30 (74.53%) is consistent with the theoretical,respectively.In the BC₁F₁ population,the transfer rate of gene Lr68 (44.27%) transferred lower than theory,while the transfer rate of Lr46/ Yr29/Pm39 (56.64%) and Sr2/Yr30 (55.11%) gene delivered higher than theory,respectively.(2)All these three kinds of resistance genes have extremely significant positive correlation with the plant height,spike length,spike-stalk and spike-internode.The Lr68 gene and Sr2/Yr30 gene have significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the spike grain number.The Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 gene has significantly negative correlation with the thousand kernel weight and significantly positive correlation with the ear number per plant.(3)In the evaluate of the background response rates of plants in the BC₁F₁ population which have Lr46/Yr29/Pm39,Sr2/Yr30 and Lr68 genes.Meanwhile,we can find that the biggest response rate of recurrent parent ‘Xinong 979’ was up to 91.67%.There were three plants whose response rates exceed 90% and they take 0.46% of the BC₁F₁ population.This study provided an important theoretical reference to using the excellent genetic resources of ‘RL6077’.It also has important significance to create a variety of new disease-resistant wheat germplasm.

Abstract:In order to effectively preserve,utilize and reveal the genetic background of Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don],we analyzed the genetic diversity and population genetic structure among 18 populations (total 154 individuals) based on ITS sequence.The results showed that:(1)11 haplotypes were yielded based on the alignment of 154 ITS fragments,indicating a low level of haplotypes and nuclear diversity (h=0.559 0,π=0.001 2) with high variation among populations (h=0~0.905 0,π=0~0.006 1).(2)Fairly low level of genetic differentiation (F_ST=0.140 0) was found among these populations,with only 14% of total variability from among populations and 86% of genetic variation within groups.These results suggested that founder and bottleneck effect produced by domestication and recent reduction of population probably affected the genetic diversity.The long alternation of generation and short history of differentiation may lead to a low genetic differentiation among populations.According to these results,a conservational plan for sampling or preserving fewer populations but more individuals from each population for the species was proposed.

Abstract:In this experiment,a L₁₆（4⁵） orthogonal design was used for the optimal SCoT-PCR reaction system with 24 Niuxinshi and 22 Wild persimmon accessions from National Field Genebank for Persimmon.The optimal PCR reaction mixture of SCoT-PCR system was 2.0 mmol/L Mg²⁺,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,1.0 U Taq polymerase,0.5 μmol/L primer and 80 ng template DNA in 20 μL mixtures.Furthermore,the annealing temperature of each primer was optimized,to explore relative identification and variety classification of persimmon with SCoT markers.The results showed that:(1)A total of 176 loci were detected with 10 SCoT primers in 46 accessions,170 of which were polymorphic with a polymorphism of 96.6%.The genetic similarity ranged from 0.619 to 0.852.(2)The cluster analysis results showed that the 46 materials could be completely separated by using SCoT markers,Yemaoshi with staminate red flower and pistillate red flower were gathered for a group,they have far relationships with Niuxinshi group and Wild persimmon group,which is consistent with the morphologic observation.Bishan Niushishi was clustered on Wild persimmon group,which was based on its morphological characteristics showed the same as wild types.Bishan Niushishi is tetraploid,different from others which are hexaploid.Bishan Niuxinshi should belong to the Wild persimmon.The research indicated that SCoT markers can be effectively used to evaluate the genetic diversity of persimmon germplasm.46 persimmon accessions have high genetic diversity,reflecting the geographical distribution of species to a certain extent,and also show geographical factors have a significant impact on the genetic relationship for persimmon.

Abstract:In this study,we mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting apple leaf traits.A total of 110 F₁ individuals obtained by crossing between a good quality cultivar ‘Red Fuji’of Malus domestica and an accession ‘Hongrou Apple’of Malus sieversii were used to construct a 280-markers map in apple.By using interval mapping,3 QTLs for leaf length,1 QTLs for leaf width,3 QTLs for leaf thickness,5 QTLs for leafstalk length,1 QTL for leaf area,1 QTL for chlorophyl a content,2 QTLs for chlorophyl b content,2 QTLs for chlorophyl content,2 QTLs for carotenoid content were identified.These QTLs were mapped on chromosome 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,10,11,12,16 and 17,respectively.The phenotypic variations explained by each QTL ranged from 11.63% to 16.36%,and their LOD values varied from 2.58 to 3.55,of which two QTLs were major gene(LOD values≥3.5).The tight linkage markers (CH05d11-435m and CH04c06-201m) can be used in fine mapping of leaf length and chlorophyl b content in apple.

Abstract:In this study,hybridization was conducted between Rosa laxa（2n=2x=14）and Rosa cv.‘Kardinal’,‘Solidor’,‘Yuzen’（2n=2x=28）,and five,five and six F₁ hybrids were obtained from cross combinations of R.laxaבKardinal’ ,R.laxaבSolidor’ and R.laxaבYuzen’,respectively.The karyotypes of parents and their interspecific hybrids were analyzed using traditional squashing method.The results showed that 15 F₁ hybrids were triploid,except that one of the hybrids between R.laxa and ‘Kardinal’ was diploid.The karyotype formula of R.laxa was 12m+2sm belonging to 1A.Karyotype formulas of ‘Kardinal’,‘Solidor’,‘Yuzen’ were 28m,28m,24m（2SAT）+4sm,respectively,of which belonged to 1A,1B and 2B.Karyotype formulas of hybrids of R.laxaבKardinal’ included 1A,1B and 2A.Karyotype formulas of hybrids of R.laxaבSolidor’ included 1A and 1B.Karyotype formulas of hybrids of ‘Yuzen’×R.laxa included 1A,1B and 2B.According to the karyotype characters,triploid F₁ hybrids were true progeny,however,the hybrid authenticity identification of diploid F₁ hybrids could not be confirmed.

Abstract:In this study,the optimal component of liquid medium for in vitro germination of dried mature pollen of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.was screened and the characteristics of pollen germination and microfilament distribution of pollen tube were investigated.The results were as follows:(1)The optimal liquid medium for pollen germination contained 200 g/L sucrose,30 mg/L boron acid and 10 mg/L calcium nitrate.The germination rate reached 46.29%±3.75% after incubating at 26 ℃ for 18 hours.(2)Under the optimal culture condition,germination rate increased sharply within 6 hours,and then stably.The tubes grew very fast within 8 hours,and then decreased the speed of elongation.After 48 h culturing,the length of tubes could reach 363.14±30.51 μm.(3)The pollen grains of E.ulmoides were two-celled.During the germination,the vegetative nucleus usually enters into the tube ahead of the generative nucleus.The mitosis of generative nucleus took place in the pollen tube,and the mitotic behavior can be observed gradually after 12 hours incubation in the liquid medium.(4)Microfilament bundles which formed during pollen germination paralleled to the direction of tube elongation.The bundled microfilaments formed a continuous system together with arrays of microfilament networks to move the nuclei in the tube.

Abstract:In this study we analyzed pollen morphology of the 13 species of Impatiens(Balsaminaceae).We discussed the influence of different palynology characteristics to classification result of Impatiens by comparing the analysis results of palynology and SRAP.We obtained the following results:(1)Pollen grains of 13 Impatiens species were medium-sized.Pollen shapes varied from peroblate to oblate.Polar view varied from rectangular over elliptic to quadrangular,dumbbell and triangular shape.Within the species investigated,tricolpate pollen was observed in some species (I.pritzelii,I.spathulata,I.omeiana).The rest of species have pollen grains with four apertures.In general,sexine ornamentation in 11 species was reticulate.I.dicentra and I.tortisepala had a microreticulate sexine ornamentation.(2)By palynology cluster,13 species of Impatiens are divided into three groups.By SRAP cluster,13 species of Impatiens are divided into five groups.The similarity among palynology cluster results is 30.77%.(3)Palynology characteristics were not always congruent with molecular traits used to distinguish among Impatiens.The palynology cluster results by using pollen size,shape and sexine ornamentation as indexes have the most similarity with that of molecular level(69.23%).Palynology characteristics have a great effect on the accuracy of classification.For systematization of Impatiens,pollen grain size,shape and sexine ornamentation were meaningful index.The characteristics of aperture are difficult to be used as the basis of classification.Pollen morphological characteristics have limitations on the classification.The research suggests that palynology taxonomy of Impatiens asks for selecting valuable classification index.And we must integrate palynology with molecule and morphology when we classify Impatiens.

Abstract:The LRCMS is a cytoplasmic male sterile material selected from the off springs of ‘Longyou 8’בLongyou 9’.POD,SOD,CAT activities and soluble protein content of LRCMS in flowering buds and flowers,peroxidase (POD) isozyme changes during the abortion process were investigated.The results showed that:(1)POD activity of all the tested materials in flower is generally higher than that of buds.(2)Sterile material POD activity is higher than that of maintainer line.Compared with the maintainer line,the increase of POD activity in kale sterile material is greater than that of LRCMS and ‘Longyou 9’.POD activities in LRCMS flowers and buds are 15.0% and 9.0% higher than that of the maintainer line.CAT activity in sterile material flowers is higher than that of maintainer line (89%～293% higher),while CAT activity in buds is lower than that of the maintainer line (25%～43% lower);and there is no significant difference between LRCMS and other sterile materials.SOD activity in sterile material flowers is lower than that of the maintainer line,while SOD activity in buds is higher than that of the maintainer line (6%～112% higher),and the increase in LRCMS is lower than that of other sterile materials.Flowers SOD activity is 15%～25% lower than that of the maintainer line and there is no significant difference between LRCMS and other sterile materials.Buds of the maintainer line and their protein content is 0.014～0.020 mg/g,while the protein content in buds of the sterile material is 0.012～0.016 mg/g.Protein contents of all sterile materials are lower than that of the maintainer line.(3)POD isoenzyme test indicated an Rf value of 0.623 band in flower of LRCMS which is missing in other male sterile lines and fertile line ‘Longyou 9’.(4)LRCMS sterile stamens starting at the sporogenous cell,sporogenous cell adhesion,nuclear-free kernel,tapetum absence.The study find that LRCMS and other CMS have different genetic backgrounds.It is a new type of infertility.

Abstract:Chemical hybridizing agents GSC and SX-1,were applied to study anthers breathing dehydrogenase activity,free proline content,protein content and protective enzyme activities of winter Brassica campestris ‘Longyou 6’ for two years.The results showed that:(1)SX-1 and GSC can induce male sterility on B.campestris plants,and sprayed of GSC using 0.6 mg/L or SX-1 using 9.0~10.0 mg/L had the best inducing effect.(2)The anther breathing dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased after GSC and SX-1 treatment;Free proline content in leaves increased,while decreased in buds;Protein content of leaves had no significant change,but protein content of buds decreased;CAT and SOD activities of leaves increased,POD activity decreased,while CAT and SOD activity of the flower buds decreased,POD activity increased.Research showed that anthers breathing dehydrogenase activity,free proline content,protein content and protective enzyme activities of buds and leaves appeared exception after CHA treatment,and the anomaly became more significant with concentration increased,resulting in a lower metabolic rate of oxygen scavenging activity,the cell membrane lipid peroxidation enhanced and membrane structure destroyed,pollen development blocked,eventually causing male sterility.

Abstract:To study the growth and quality under Phe,Lyr,Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ with different concentrations,which were controlled by foliage spray,we selected 2-year-old Lonicera japonica as the material.The results showed that:(1)Spraying the Phe,Lyr,Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ with different concentrations has no appreciable effect on leaf area.When increasing spraying time,the content of chlorophyll under different treatments appeared some decline in resistance.The proper concentration is helpful for the synthesis of chlorophyll.Spraying the Phe,Lyr,Zn²⁺and Cu²⁺ with certain concentration can increase the weight of flower.For example,the flowers,fresh and dry weight increased 20.1% and 51.4% than control after 1 000 mg/g Phe treatment.(2)By spraying the Phe,Lyr with different concentrations can affect the C-metabolism remarkable,but made opposite effection on N-metabolism.Zn²⁺and Cu²⁺ can exert obvious influence on carbon and nitrogen metabolism.For example,CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ with 10 mg/L can raise the content of starch and soluble carbohydrate.(3)There was no significant difference between the content of flavonoids in flower than control except Zn²⁺.All of the content of total flavonoids was lower than that of control,but the chlorogenic acid was opposite.(4)The spraying time or concentration have more influence on the ion content of leaf.The Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe²⁺ content of flower was significantly lower than that of control except 30 mg/L CuSO₄ treatment.It can be inferred that spraying the Phe,Lyr(For 1 000 mg/g Phe,2 000 mg/g Lyr),Zn and Cu(For 50 mg/L ZnSO₄,10 mg/L CuSO₄) with proper concentration can improve the growth of L.japonica,and increase the quality and yield on the branch initial stage of the first florescence of L.japonica.

Abstract:In order to demonstrate the mechanism of nitrogen stress and different nitrogen forms on glucose metabolism of tobacco seedlings,we used ‘Zhongyan 100’ as the material.Sand culture were adopted in the normal supply of nitrogen (CK,NO₃^-∶NH₄⁺=1∶1),nitrogen deficiency (T₁),single ammonium (T₂) and single nitrate (T₃) of the four treatments.The contents of reducing sugar,total sugars,sucrose,starch and the activities of glucose metabolism-related enzymes in functional leaves of tobacco plants were detected.Meanwhile,we analyzed the differences of key glucose metabolism genes (SUT1,INV,GBSSI,AGPase) in roots,stems,leaves.The results showed that:(1)The total N in four treatments are T₃>CK>T₂>T₁.(2)The contents of sugar,total sugar,sucrose and starch in tobacco leaves of T₁ were increased significantly (P<0.05) compared with CK during early plant development;The amylase activity was significantly reduced,however the invertase activity was different (P>0.05).The accumulation of starch in four treatments are T₁>T₂>CK>T₃.（3）The glucose metabolism gene expression showed that SUT1,INV,AGPase,GBSSI were expressed significantly in T₁,T₂ and T₃,indicating that biosynthesis of grain starch in T₁,T₂ and T₃ were more active.Altogether,our data suggest that the accumulation of starch and nitrogen utilization rate are inversely proportional,and the SUT1 gene may be very important in starch biosynthesis under different nitrogen forms.

Abstract:To verify the physiological mechanism of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on ameliorating Al toxicity in rice,we planted cultivar ‘Zhefu 802’ in hydroponic solutions,and then detected the reactive oxygen species and antioxidase activity.The results showed that:(1)0.05 mmol/L Al significantly inhibited root growth,caused Al and callose accumulation in root tips,and increased the contents of reactive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion freebase (O^-·₂).Pretreatment the rice seedlings were applied with 0.1 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside in the presence of Al (SNP,NO donor) increased relative root elongation and NO content by 34.96% and 12.86%,respectively,reduced Al and callose contents by 83.04% and 31.93%,indicating that NO partially alleviated Al toxicity which might be caused by the rising levels of endogenous NO.(2)The exogenous NO decreased H₂O₂ and O^-·₂ contents by 15.43% and 12.93%,respectively,and significantly enhanced SOD,POD and CAT activities in rice root tips.In contrary,the ameliorating effect was reversed by the addition of NO scavenger (carboxy-PTIO,cPTIO) in the presence of Al.These results showed that exogenous NO played an important role in maintaining cell membrane structure stability by regulating reactive oxygen metabolism under Al toxicity,thereby reducing the Al damage to rice roots.

Abstract:To investigate the effect of La(NO₃)₃ on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.) under NaCl stress,we measured seed germination,seedling growth,relative electrical conductivity,MDA,proline and chlorophyll contents in incubator.Seeds were soaked in different concentrations (0,0.05,0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L) of La(NO₃)₃ for 24 h,and then added 100 mmol/L NaCl solution,with distilled water as control.The results showed that:(1)0.05 mmol/L La(NO₃)₃ could relieve 100 mmol/L NaCl effect on seed germination;(2)There was no significant effect on shoot length with different treatments,but 0.1 mmol/L La(NO₃)₃ treatment significantly increased the fresh weight and leaf area of seedlings.When the concentration≥0.5 mmol/L,root length,root shoot ratio,fresh weight and leaf area were all inhibited significantly;(3)The relative electrical conductivity and proline content of seedling leaves decreased firstly and then increased with increasing La(NO₃)₃ concentration,of which 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/L La(NO₃)₃ treatment were better,the MDA content increased with increasing La(NO₃)₃ concentration has been reduced.The chlorophyll content increased with 0.05 mmol/L La(NO₃)₃ treatment comparing with NaCl,and decreased with increasing La(NO₃)₃ concentration.However,there were no significant difference among different concentration treatments.(4)Different factors between the germination potential and germination rate,had a significantly positive correlation between root length and chlorophyll content,and had a significantly negative correlation with the root shoot ratio,relative electrical conductivity,and proline content.However,it was no significant correlation between germination potential and shoot length.This research indicated that low concentration (0.05 mmol/L) of La(NO₃)₃ could alleviate NaCl stress,high concentration (1.0 mmol/L) of La(NO₃)₃ could increase the stress.

Abstract:In order to compare the different adaptive ability of rubber seedlings to irradiance change among six varieties (‘GT1’,‘RRIM600’,‘PR107’,‘Yunyan 77-4’,‘Yunyan 77-2’ and ‘Reyan 523’),we grew the seedlings of each variety in four irradiance levels (100%,50%,25%,5%) for one year,then we compared some biochemical parameters of seedling leaves at dry and rainy season.The results indicated:(1)For each variety,there were significant differences for SOD,SS,Suc,Chl,Chl a/b,SP and RMP among four irradiances,and the varieties also have significant effect on these parameters.(2)For each variety,in dry season,SS and Chl decreased and SOD,SP,Suc,Chl a/b,Pro and MDA increased significantly when compared with rainy season.(3)For all six varieties,SP,SS,Suc,SOD and MDA decreased with the decreasing irradiance.(4)Seven parameters (SP,SS,Suc,SOD,Pro,Chla/b and MDA) were found that are strongly correlated with physiological adaptation to irradiance.(5) Comprehensive evaluation with subordinate function method,we found ‘RRIM600’,‘Yunyan 77-4’ and ‘Yunyan 77-2’ have stronger,while ‘Reyan 523’ has weaker adaptive ability to irradiance change,and ‘GT1’ and ‘PR107’ are intermediate.

Abstract:Shape and size of starch granules of Brazil banana,Baodao banana,and red banana was performed using scanning electron microscopy.The contents of total starch,amylose,amylopectin,and flavor was determined in fruit of three banana varieties (Genome AAA).The study will reveal the internal mechanism of different quality in different varieties.The results showed that:(1)The shapes of the starch granules from Brazil banana,Baodao banana,and red banana were irregular triangles,circles,and rod,respectively;the size was 8.20~35.70 μm,6.90~29.80 μm,and 5.47~23.80 μm,respectively.(2)The contents of total starch from Brazil banana,Baodao banana,and red banana were (66.93±2.48)%,(90.38±2.46)%,and (48.91±2.49)%,respectively;amylose content was (20.48±1.09)%,(21.48±1.08)%,and (14.67±1.10)%,respectively;amylopectin contents were (46.45±1.85)%,(68.90±1.25)%,and (34.24±1.45)%,respectively;and three banana varieties were significant different in the contents of total starch,amylose,and amylopectin.(3)Vitamin C contents from Brazil banana,Baodao banana,and red banana were (15.54±1.10),(17.63±1.14) and (16.76±1.03) mg/100g FM,respectively;soluble solids contents were (15.50±0.22)%,(15.67±0.30)%,and (16.17±0.30)%,respectively;sugar/acid ratios were 2.75∶1,2.74∶1,and 3.15∶1,respectively;and three banana varieties were significantly different in the content of Vitamin C and soluble solids,but there was no significant difference in the sugar/acid ratio between Brazil banana and Baodao banana.These results suggest that different varieties of the same genotype (AAA) banana have significant different in the shape and size of starch granule,total starch,amylose,amylopectin,Vitamin C and soluble solids contents.The study provided a theoretical basis to explain the different quality in different banana varieties.

Abstract:To study the best harvesting time of summer-planted Isatis indigotica Fort.,we planted different cultivated populations,which were from Shanxi,Anhui,Gansu,Jiangsu and Henan Province,by pot culture experiment.Test samples,which were sampling interval 10 days since growing 60 days,were harvested for 6 times.The contents of indigo and indirubin in their leaves,petioles,rhizomes and roots were determined by HPLC.The results showed that:(1)The biomass of leaves,petioles,rhizomes and roots increased with the growth time,in which the growth was the best,and dry matter accumulation was the maximum is the population from Shanxi.(2)The highest contents of indigo and indirubin in leaves and petioles of different populations occurred 90~100 days,namely a peak period of active components in leaves.(3)The highest of indigo accumulating amount (dry weight multiplying indigo content) in leaves of every population of I.indigotica appeared at 90~100 d,and the highest of indirubin accumulating amount in leaves,petiole and rhizome appeared at 90~100 d too.The most appropriate sampling time of I.indigotica from Shanxi,Anhui and Henan was 100 days,while the Gansu and Jiangsu populations were sampling at 90 days,taking indirubin as the quality control indicator in China Pharmacopoeia,meanwhile taking comprehensively the biomass and accumulating amount of active component as comprehensive indicators.

Abstract:The aim of this field experiment was to find out the photosynthetic response of reed along the water table gradient in Keriya river watershed using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system.The results showed that:(1)When water table was 2 m below,reed showed a decreasing light saturation point (LSP) and a increasing light compensation point (LCP),suggesting the reduction of potential in the use of light intensity.Meanwhile the decreases in maximum net photosynthetic rate(A_max),light respiration(LR),CO₂ saturation point (CSP),carboxylation efficiency and apparent quantum efficiency were observed with decreasing water table(P<0.05),while water use efficiency(WUE) tended to increase.(2)Under salt stress,the photosynthetic parameters were all lower than that under water stress with A_max 19.98%,LSP 40.61%,LCP 37% and dark respiration (RD) 74.56% lower,respectively.Reed WUE under salt stress was lower than that under drought stress.(3)Compared with reed at dry land,water logged plant showed decreas in A_max,LSP and LCP with 41.32%,14.56%,55.55% lower,respectively.We also found that atmospheric CO₂ enrichment can improve reed salt tolerance through decrease in plant WUE under salt stress,and the A_max of water logged plant.It can be concluded that in arid area,reed has developed counter mechanisms in response to long-term drought and salt stress.

Abstract:Five representative sweet cherry trees were selected from northern part of Hengduan Mountains for comparing physiological radiation,photosynthetic properties and fruit qualities of sweet cherry,especially analyzing light response of photosynthesis (P_n-PPFD) response curve and the correlation between fruit qualities and physiological radiation and photosynthetic parameters of sweet cherry.The results showed that:(1)The apparent quantum yield (α) was the highest,while light compensation point (LCP) the lowest in the substrate and inner part of canopy,which indicated sweet cherry leaves had a good ability of utilizing the low light.However,the light saturated point (LSP) was significantly higher in the top and outer part of canopy,which showed sweet cherry leaves had a good ability of utilizing the strong light.(2)The physiological radiation intensity and ratio of short wave light increased from the substrate to the top part and from the inner to the outer part of canopy.Thus,they indicated that sweet cherry reflected great capability of adapting to low or strong light.(3)The maximum photosynthetic rate (P_max),dark respiration rate (R_d),LCP and LSP were the highest in the top and outer part of canopy,enhancing leaves used efficiency to light intensity,increasing leaves ability of utilizing the strong light.The physiological radiation and short wave light intensity were strong,TSS,Vc and total sugar contents increased,but organic acid content reduced.

Abstract:Six sample sites were selected.Samples were taken by quadrate method.There were the comparative study of plant community and soil factors in reclamation spoil bank,no reclamation spoil bank and the original vegetation.According to the effective important value,we obtained the original data matrix of 228×74 sample-specie and 228×11 sample-specie environmental factors.(1)8 plant communities were divided by TWINSPAN method.By analysis and verification of DCA.These results are consistent with those of TWINSPAN.(2)DCCA analysis showed that two factors of soil organic matter and soil density affected the plant community distribution,structure and composition.(3)In the process of community succession,Populus alba var.pyramidalis Bunge,Medicago sativa L.selected for reclamation had not been completely retained.Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth became the dominant species.(4)Compared with the original community,the community species composition of spoil bank was simple.The existing communities are neither the designed patterns nor the original structure of communities.

Abstract:According to the quadrat investigation material and TWINSPAN classification,we analyzed the community structure and diversity of typical shrub community by the species composition,floral feature and species diversity.The results showed that:(1)The investigated plants belong to 169 species(including 36 kinds of shrubs,133 kinds of herbs ),118 genera and 31 families.Most plants belong to chenopodiaceae,compositae and gramineae,which were the characteristic families in arid region.The ancient Mediterranean and West Asia to Central Asia and the North temperate distribution pattern are the dominant flora.(2)Using the TWINSPAN method,the typical shrub communities in the 50 plots were sorted into ten types.The shrub community species diversity indexes are generally low,in which the species diversity indexes of Berberis heteropoda+Rosa platyacantha+Spiraea hypericifolia community are larger;and the species diversity index of Juniperus sabina community,R.platyacantha+Caragana pygnaea community and Halimodendron halodendron+Kaschgaria komarovii community are second,Tamarix chinensis+Reaumuria songarica+Sarcozygium kaschgaricum are lower.(3)The shrub community belongs the thicket vegetation and the species diversity indexes of herb are larger than the shrub layer.The community is classified by desert vegetation types,the species diversity indexes of shrub are larger than that of the herb layer.

Abstract:To get more in-depth understanding the status of wide woody liana resources and their diversities in the Southwest of Hunan,we systematically investigated the ecological characteristics of wild woody vine plants in Yunshan.The results show that:(1)There are 308 wild woody vine species in total,belonging to 101 genera and 39 families,which account for 20.29% of all species,9.32% of all genera and 19.21% of all families of seed-plants,respectively,in Yunshan,Hunan.Among all these woody vine plants,there is 1 species of gymnosperm,while there are 307 species,belonging to 100 genera and 38 families of Angiosperm.However,fern is absent from this area.(2)In terms of life-form,phanerophyte liana dominate,accounting for 93.51% of overall species,while the minorities include underground buds,hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes vine,accounting for 4.87%,0.97% and 0.65% of overall species,respectively.(3)In terms of climbing style,the majority are twining lianas,accounting for 42.86% of overall species,while the minorities include hooking,curling and adhering lianas,accounting for 34.01%,13.62% and 9.42% of overall species,respectively.(4)The photogeographic elements which can be divided into 11 area-types of genera and 11 area-types of species are complex.They are the major tropical,and some temperate one,indicating the transition area of the tropic to the temperate one.Ecological functional effect of wild woody vine plants in this area is obvious,and has a wide range of end-uses which has important social,economic and medicinal value,comprehensive benefits,huge potential for development and utilization.

Abstract:According to field investigation,specimens identification and literature survey,we studied and discussed the diversity and floristic characteristics of seed plants in the Inner Mongolia Baiyinaobao National Nature Reserve.Meanwhile,the comparison of flora similarity between Baiyinaobao and other four locations around (Zhangtutai,Mulan Poddack,Dalinuoer and Wusitu) was analyzed.The results showed that:(1)There are 526 species of wild seed plants which belonging to 261 genera and 72 families in the Baiyinaobao Nature Reserve.The species richness was relatively high,but vulnerable.(2)For the family composition of the flora,there are eight dominant families,and for genus composition,there are 246 monotypic and small-sized genera which accounting for 94.26% of the total genera.For the life forms,herbs were predominant and for the water ecotypes,the mesophytes were most abundant.(3)For the areal-types,the temperate elements were dominant and the flora was remarkably characterized by temperate zone in nature.On the other hand,the origin of some elements of the flora was ancient,but the endemic was low.(4)Compared with other four floras around,Baiyinaobao has the highest genera similarity with Dalinuoer,and has relative low similarity with Wusitu.

Abstract:Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots,stems and leaves of Cannabis sativa L.by tissue block method,and degumming strains were screened by transparent circle method,and then identified by morphology and molecular biology methods.The results indicated that:(1)A total of 16 endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissues of the C.sativa,nine of them were from the stems,five then from the leaves and two from the roots (2).(2)For the isolated strains,one of them named DM6 was more effective in decomposing the pectin of the C.sativa,and the transparent circle diameter is 2.49 cm.(3)Morphological identification showed that strain DM6 was non-sporulating and the hyphae was more stout,fewer branches with a distinct septum.Molecular identification indicated that the sequence of strain DM6 was found to share 99% similarity with Phoma aliena(KC311486).Strain DM6 was shown to be close to the genus Phoma.So the isolate was further identified as Phoma sp.

Abstract:Pertusaria is classified into Ascomycota,Lecanoromycetes,Pertusariales and Pertusariaceae.During investigation on the lichen genus Pertusaria from China,P.allothwaitesii,P.rigida and P.colorata are revealed as new to China.The detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for the newly reported taxa.

Abstract:The moss Phascum cuspidatum var.schreberianum (Dicks.) Brid.is reported as a new record in China.It distributes in Europe,Australasia and North America.Morphological characters and LM photographs are given.The voucher specimen is deposited in the herbarium of Inner Mongolia University (HIMC).

Abstract:Three species of angiosperm in Inner Mongolia are reported,among those,Caragana polourensis Franch.,Zygophyllum kansuense Y.X.Liou,Phlomis jeholensis Nakai et Kitag..The voucher specimens are hold in HIMC.

Abstract:Receptor kinse BAK1 (BRI-Associated Kinase 1) has been highlighted among all of 610 RKs of Arabidopsis thaliana because it played different independent roles in multiple signal transduction pathways.BAK1 is a typical leucine-rich repeats receptor kinase(LRR-RK) that belongs to the LRR-RKⅡ family and structurely composed with three parts named extracellular domain,transmembrane domain and intracellular kinase domain.BAK1 was firstly identified as a dual co-receptor of BRI1 and FLS2,mediating BR signaling and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) in plant,respectively.Additionally,a set of new BAK1- interaction protein components,such as EFR,AvrPto,PEPR 1/2,PUB13,BIR1,BON1,have been uncovered recently.This work has comprehensively reviewed the recently research progress on the molecular structure of BAK1,function-redundance of SERK,the role of BAK1 involving in BR signaling and PTI,as well as cell death,and expectively to clarify the research questions presently faced.