Abstract:Δ¹Pyrroline5carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is the committedstep enzyme of proline biosynthesis under drought stress in many plants.In this study,a P5CS gene was obtained from Lycoris radiata based on homology cloning,RACE method and RTPCR technology.The results showed that the fulllength cDNA of LrP5CS is 2 521 bp,containing a 2 139 bp open reading frame (ORF) which encoded 713 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 77.19 kD and pI 6.34.LrP5CS is a stable hydrophobic protein,and had no signal peptide and transmembrane structure.It had AAK superfamily and ALDHSF superfamily conserved domains.Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the deduced protein LrP5CS shares higher identity with P5CS from other plants,and belongs to the same branch with Phoenix dactylifera PdP5CS and Elaeis guineensis EgP5CS.Subsequently,quantitative realtime PCR analysis indicated that LrP5CS was expressed in leaves,bulbs,and roots with the highest expression level in bulbs.LrP5CS transcript levels were significantly induced by 20% polyethylene glycol（PEG）treatment,and peaked in 6 h treatment.Additionally,the LrP5CS was ligated into pET28a vector,and transferred into E.coli strain BL21 (DE3) for heterologous expression.The recombinant protein was induced by isopropylβDthiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and its molecular weight is about 82.58 kD.Above results might lay a foundation for the further function analysis of LrP5CS and adversity resistance molecular breeding of L.radiata.

Abstract:A fulllength MaTPS1 of 3 946 bp from banana genome A was obtained.It contains a complete open reading frame of 2 562 bp length,encoding 853 amino acids.Biological information analysis showed that MaTPS1 protein belongs to the unstable protein,with an isoelectric point of 4.72 and two domains TPS and TPP.Sequence analysis prediction indicated MaTPS1 is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein without signal peptide and localized in cytoplasm.The amino acid sequence of MaTPS1 protein has 74.81% homology to the amino acid sequence of other known plant TPS ,with 100%,79.91%,71.33%,63.93% and 65.13% to two varieties of Musa acuminata subsp.malaccensis,Zea mays,Camellia sinensis,Coffea canephora.Organspecific analysis suggested that MaTPS1 is expressed in banana roots,corms,false stems,leaves,flowers and fruits,but with higher level in roots,corms and flowers.The banana plantlet was treated with ABA,ACC,drought,cold,salt and banana fusarium oxysporum f.sp stress,qRTPCR analysis showed that the expression of MaTPS1 increased under salt stress,and peaked at 24 h of treatment,while decreased under other biotic and nonbiotic stress,which suggested MaTPS1 may play a role in regulating salt resistance and enhance salt resistance of banana.

Abstract:CLIPAssociated Proteins (CLASPs) is specifically binding to microtubules of microtubule associated proteins (MAPS),involved in mediating the structure and function of microtubules,and play key roles during cell formation and cell elongation.A new CLASP gene was obtained from Gossypium hirsutum L.by electronic cloning and reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) technology.Sequence analysis showed that GhCLASP1 belongs to the CLASP gene family,the full length ORF of GhCLASP1 is 4 188 bp,encoding 1 395 amino acids.GhCLASP1 has one HEAT domain and two CLASPN structures.The phylogenetic analysis of homologue CLASP proteins of other plants showed that GhCLASP1 had a close relationship with TcCLASP of Theobroma cacao.Realtime quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRTPCR) showed that GhCLASP1 was expressed in root,stem,leaf,petal and fiber at different development periods.The highest expression of the GhCLASP1 was observed in the secondary period of the cotton fiber wall thick (27 day post anthesis) and suggesting that GhCLASP1 might play an important role in the formation of secondary wall synthesis of cotton fiber.Transient expression system of the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was used to analyze subcellular localization,and showed that GhCLASP1 might locate in the cell membrane.This study proved a foundation for studying the functions of CLASP genes in fiber development.

Abstract:In this study,a gene encoding the CBF/DREB transcription factor was isolated from cotton（Gossypium barbadense L.）with PCR based on bioinformation databases.Sequence analysis showed that the fulllength of GbCBF6 (GenBank accession No.KR233255)was a 753 bp open reading frame which encoded a protein of 251 amino acids with predicted molecular weight of 27.82 kD and a isoelectric point of 7.68.Multiple sequence analysis showed that GbCBF6 protein share high similarity with those plant cold stressrelated CBF proteins in other plants,which contain the classic AP2 domain and two CBF signature sequences.There are dramatic amino acid sequence differences between GbCBF6 and four reported cotton GhCBFs.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolated cotton GbCBF6 gene can be classified into A1 subgroup of the DREB subfamily.RTPCR analysis indicated that the expression of GbCBF6 gene was downregulated by dehydration,but was upregulated by cold stress.Under high salinity,the expression level of GbCBF6 gene decreased firstly,and then increased at 6 h after treatment.In summary,these results indicated GbCBF6 may play important roles in response of cotton plant to abiotic stresses.

Abstract:Louisiana iris is a kind of high ornamental value of perennial plants,found to be tolerant and accumulation of heavy metal Pb.However,research on the molecular mechanism of Louisiana iris is limited.With the information of LiPCS1 iutermediate fragment form transcriptome of ‘Professor Neil’and using RACE technology,we cloned LiPCS1 for the gene bioinformatics prediction and analysis.The total length of the gene was 1 683 bp,predictive coding protein contained 501 aa.The protein contained three active essential amino acids sites,Cys,His and Asp,and base sequence of heavy metal ion sensor,C³⁶⁸C³⁶⁹RMTC³⁷³VRC³⁷⁶.The conservative analysis with other homologous PCS found that similar loci was 91.6%.The highest expression of LiPCS1 was found in inter petals of Louisiana iris,and significant differences with other organs.The same expression level was found in stamens,leaves and stems.The expression in outer petals,roots and pistils were lower,and the expression in pistil was the lowest.

Abstract:A novel CBF gene was isolated from Brassica campestris L.Longyou 6 by RACE.The fulllength cDNA of CBF (GenBank No.KP974691) was 1 000 bp,contained a 5′UTR of 114 bp,a 3′UTR of 241 bp,and a 645 bp opening reading frame.The deduced protein was 215 amino acids with molecular weight 23.8 kDa and isoelectric point 4.86.On the amino acid sequence level,this gene showed high identities with Raphanus sativus,Ageratina adenophora,Malcolmia scorpioides and Arabidopsis thaliana(93.5%,83.7%,81.0% and 79.0%).RTPCR analysis revealed that CBF were expressed in the stems,leaves,and hypocotyls with almost no tissue specificity.The transcript level of CBF was increased in response to cold,ABA and H₂O₂ stress.However,MAPKK inhibitor U0126 pretreatment 12 h before cold,ABA and H₂O₂ stress,the expression level of CBF was significantly decreased compared with the single stress.The results suggested that CBF played an important role during cold,ABA and H₂O₂ stress in B.campestris.

Abstract:In this study,the cotton fiber protein of ‘Xuzhou 142’ have been performed to exhibit the protein profile differences between different development stages of cotton fiber cells.(1)The total protein content was decreased gradually,and the content was the highest in 5 DPA.Meanwhile,15 distinct protein spots were found in the 2-DE map;(2)It was found that there are five distinct different proteins associated with cotton fiber development with MALDI-TOF-MS:They were GhSAM，GhPGK，GhCSD，GhFB and GhMDH protein,respectively;(3)The 2-DE map analysis of cotton fiber in different development stages showed that GhSAM,GhPGK1 and GhMDH were expressed throughout the whole development stage,GhCSD was expressed from 15 DPA,GhFB was expressed from 20 DPA，and GhSAM expression was higher at 15 DPA,GhPGK1 expression was higher at 10 DPA,GhMDH,GhCSD and GhFB expression were higher at 30 DPA.The results showed that the differences were existed in different cotton fiber developments stages,and these proteins are involved in a wide range of physiological processes,such as energy metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,cell cycle control and development.

Abstract:Rice is one of the major cereal crops and eating and cooking qualities are very important for improving commodification of rice and people's life.We used backcross inbred lines(BILs)of BC₁F₁₀ generation as materials which were constructed by two parents of indica photothermosensitive gene male sterile(PTGMS)line Guangzhan 63S and rice potential restorer line CG173R and they contained the same alleles of starch synthaseⅡa gene(SSⅡ3)and granule bound starch synthase gene(Wx^b),and their hybrid by backcrossing and selfing for several generations.Furthermore,the genotypes,the eating and cooking qualities(ECQs)and RVA profiles were measured among the lines of BILs so that genetic effects of the minor genes were analyzed.The results showed that:1)Five different starch synthesisrelated genes ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit ADPG(AGPlar),starch branching enzyme Ⅲ(SBE3),Pullulanase gene(PUL),Soluble Starch Synthase Ⅰgene(SSⅠ)and Soluble Starch Synthase Ⅲ1 gene(SS Ⅲ1)existed difference for two parents.2)SSⅢ1,SBE3 and PUL genes had single gene separation,and two genes separation of SSⅢ1 and SBE3 genes,SSⅢ1 and PUL genes in lines of BC₁F₁₀.3)Their different effect of genotypes,and interaction had significant influence at 0.05 level or at 0.01 level on apparent amylase content(AAC),the gel consistency(GC)and part indices of RVA profiles.4)Effects of SSⅢ1 had significant influence on AAC at 0.01 level.Interaction effect of SBE3 and SSⅢ1 had significant influence on AAC at 0.01 level and had significant influence on Peak time(PeT),Pasting temperature(PaT)and GC at 0.05 level.Interaction effect of PUL and SS Ⅲ1 genes had significant influence on PeT,PaT and consistence value(CSV)at 0.01 level and had significant influence on peak viscosity(PKV),hot paste viscosity(HPV),Breakdown value(BDV),Cool paste viscosity(CPV),Setback value(SBV),AAC and GC at 0.05 level.In the background of Wx^b and SSⅡ3 genes,the results demonstrated that effects of SSⅢ1 and the genes interaction between SBE3 and SSⅢ1 have significant influence on AAC at 0.01 level;Interaction effects between SBE3 and SSⅢ1 and between PUL and SSⅢ1 have significant influence on GC at 0.05 level;Interaction effect between PUL and SSⅢ1 has significant influence on PaT at 0.01 level.The studies have importance for improving the rice eating and cooking qualities and accelerating the research on rice quality breeding.

Abstract:The genome polymorphism among 41 pansy germplasms which collected from several regions worldwide were investigated by RSAP marker system.The genetic structure and relationships of and between them were analyzed by Bayesian and UPGMA methods,respectively.The results showed 26 RSAP primer combinations amplified 588 bands including 567 polymorphic bands.The polymorphism rate was 97.03%.Each primer combination detected 22.62 loci and 21.81 polymorphism loci averagely.18 primer combinations can distinguish 41 pansy germplasms individually,showing good applicability and effectiveness of RSAP in pansy genetic diversity analysis.Based on structure analysis,41 pansy germplasms were divided into 6 groups which indicated high correlations between group divisions and germplasm geographical origins.Nei’s genetic diversity index and Shannon information index of these pansy germplasms were 0.248 9 and 0.395 1,respectively,higher than those of tobacco,a selfpollinated plant,and similar to rose,an outbreeding plant.Based on the Nei’s genetic similarity coefficient,41 pansy germplasms were divided into three major categories,in which the third category were subdivided into four classes.The most of germplasms from the same or adjacent regions were gathered together,suggesting pansy germplasm exchange was restricted to some extent.Further study on genetic relationships among different geographic germplasm groups showed that the nearest genetic distance between Dutch germplasm group and that of China,the furthest between German group and that of China,which suggest it is important for China to introduce pansy germplam from Germany.The Shannon information indexes of 6 groups divided by flower color were from 0.199 4 to 0.364 9,in which white color groups had the highest one,while dark group had the lowest,revealing rich genetic diversity in the white color flower group and poor diversity in the black color flower group in pansy.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of 15 Caragana populations (7 Caragana microphylla populations and 8 Caragana intermedia populations) from east to west at Inner Mongolia Plateau was analyzed by ISSR (intersimple sequence repeats) markers.The results showed that the percentage of polymorphic loci of 7 C.microphylla populations was 98.19%;Nei’s gene index and Shannon information index were 0.289 7 and 0.444 0,respectively;the genetic differentiation coefficient(G_st) was 0.119 0,which showed that there is a moderate genetic differentiation in C.microphylla populations;and the gene flow(N_m) among populations was frequently(3.701 0).(2)The percentage of polymorphic loci of 8 populations of C.intermedia was 99.7%,Nei’s gene index was 0.312 8,Shannon information index was 0.478 4;the genetic differentiation coefficient(G_st) was 0.188 1,which showed that C.intermedia population have great genetic differentiation;the gene flow (N_m) was 2.157 8.(3)Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of C.intermedia both higher than that of C.microphylla,which is genetics base that C.intermedia instead of C.microphylla to adapt to adverse environmental and extended distribution.(4)Neighbor cluster analysis showed that 15 Caragana populations is gradually from east to west,which reflected both in the gradual change of geography distribution and geographic alternative.Correlation analysis of genetic diversity index and meteorological factors and soil factors showed that the average temperature plays an important role in Caragana populations genetic differentiation.

Abstract:The experiment used the flower bud of Prunus mahaleb male sterile and fertile plants as experimental materials.The development of microspore and gametophyte were studied by using the method of routine paraffin section.We also used scanning electron microscope to observe the anther and pollen.The objectives of the study were to analysis the procedure of pollen development in P.mahaleb male sterility line,and to explore the reason that caused it.(1)The results showed that there are no differences between the sterile plants and the fertile plants in the period of the pollen mother cell;it meant that all the pollen mother cells could form the normal tetrad,and then the tapetal cell of the sterile plants expanded and squeezed to the central of anther chamber.(2)After tetrad stage,the tapetal cells of the sterile plant grew bigger and squeezed to the central anther cell.Then the tapetal cells would stick to the microspore,which will disappear with tapetum because the material and space that were needed for microspore’s growth are not enough.(3)Scanning electron microscopy showed that the anther and the pollen of sterile plant both assumed mummified shapes,but the anther of fertile plant has four obvious cavities and the pollen aperture is clearly visible.The experiment clarifies that the P.mahaleb species with male sterile is related with the abnormal enlargement and the advanced procedural death of the tapetum cells,which results in microspore abnormal growth and abortive phenomenon.The research results provided us important theoretical guiding significance about cherry crossbreeding parent selection and cherry breeding seedlings production.

Abstract:In order to understand the physiological basis of a light green stripe mutant of Oncidium ‘Milliongolds’,we investigated the changes of the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll synthesis precursors contents,ultrastructure of chloroplasts and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.The results showed that:(1)the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a),chlorophyll b (Chl b),carotenoids (Car) and total chlorophyll (Chl)in mutant leaves revealed a remarkably decreased tendency,to decreased by 37.1%,34.0%,30.8% and 36.3% respectively (P<0.05).(2) The biosynthesis of chlorophyll in mutant was blocked at the reaction from prophobilinogen (PBG) to uroporphyrinogen (UrogenⅢ).(3) In mutant leaves,the number of chloroplast reduced and there were some abnormal chloroplasts with less grana lamellas,as well as more osmioplilic granules and vesicae.(4) The minimal fluorescence (F_o) of mutant was 39% higher than that of normal plant.Compared with normal plant,the maximal fluorescence (F_m),maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ(F_v/F_m),photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light (F_v′/F_m′) and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Φ_PSⅡ) reduced significantlyin mutant,while the photochemical quenching (qP) and non photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of mutant were not significantly different from that of normal plant.It was concluded that the blockage of chlorophyll biosynthesis and aberrant chloroplast lead to the decrease of chlorophyll contents,light green stripe of leaves and lightharvesting capacity in mutant.

Abstract:Effects of different concentrations of Pb²⁺(0,0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00 mmol·L^-1) on contents of Pb,chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA),activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD,CAT and POD) and subcellular structure in the leaves and roots of Typha orientalis Presl were studied in this experiment.The results indicated that:(1)with the increase of exogenous Pb²⁺ concentrations,Pb accumulation in roots and leaves were significantly higher than that of the control,and Pb contents in roots were significantly higher than those in leaves,which had significant positive correlation with exogenous Pb²⁺ concentrations.(2)Both contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves increased first and then decreased,which both reached the peak value in 0.50 mmol·L^-1 Pb²⁺ treatment.(3)There was no significant change of MDA contents in leaves compared with the control,whereas MDA content in roots significantly declined.(4)In leaves,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity reached the peak value in 1.00 mmol·L^-1 Pb²⁺ treatment and then decreased compared to the control,which was always higher than that of control.However,peroxydase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in Pb²⁺ treatment groups were all lower than that of control group.In roots,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly compared to the control except 1.00 mmol·L^-1 Pb²⁺ treatment.Catalase (CAT) and peroxydase (POD) activities reached their peak values in 0.25 mmol·L^-1 and 0.50 mmol·L^-1 Pb²⁺ treatments,respectively,and then decreased with the increase of exogenous Pb²⁺ concentration.(5) By means of transmission electron microscope technology,it was observed that Pb²⁺ induced damages of cell ultrastructure:chloroplast envelope was damaged,thylakoid swelled and broke in leaves cells;in leaf and root cells,mitochondria were vacuolated and the envelope was broken;nuclear membrane was damaged,nucleolus lost and chromatin condensed.It was concluded that Pb²⁺ stress induced imbalance of physiological metabolism and irreversible damage of subcellular structure.This research could provide theory basis for the specific mechanism of Pb²⁺ stress at the molecular level and application of Typha orientalis Presl in heavy metal pollution repair.

Abstract:Effect of exogenous spermidine(Spd)on growth and chlorophyll precursors content of spinach plants under NaCl stress was studied by hydroponics using ‘cv.Quanneng’ of spinach,a sensitive cultivar to salt.The results showed that:(1)growth of spinach plants was inhibited significantly by 250 mmol·L^-1 NaCl,as a result of total fresh weight,total dry weigh,shoot fresh weight,shoot dry weigh,root fresh weight and root dry weigh of spinach plants were significantly decreased by 57.23%,53.08%,63.14%,55.05%,42.22% and 42.86%,respectively,as compared with control.However,plant growth was enhanced by 1.0 mmol·L^-1 Spd,those indexes increased by 62.83%,71.19%,60.57%,71.74%,70.31% and 69.23%,respectively,as compared with salt stress treatment.(2)Chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b)and total chlorophyll[Chl(a+b)] contents in leaves of spinach plants were decreased by 250 mmol·L^-1 salt stress to 42.31%,54.55% and 44.53%,respectively,but those were increased by 1.0 mmol·L^-1 Spd to 46.24%,51.85% and 47.11%,as compared with salt stress treatment.(3)Chlorophyll precursors such as Chl a,Chl b,protochlorophyll(Pchl),Mgprotoporphyrin Ⅸ(Mgproto Ⅸ),protoporphyrin Ⅸ(Proto Ⅸ)and uroorphyrinogen Ⅲ(Uro Ⅲ)were decreased by salt stress,but were increased by Spd.However,others such as δaminolevulinic acid(ALA)and porphobilinogen(PBG)were enhanced by salt stress,but were suppressed by Spd.These results suggested that chlorophyll synthesis process from PBG to Uro Ⅲ was inhibited by salt stress,and this inhibition was alleviated by exogenous Spd,as a result of chlorophyll increasing.

Abstract:The melon(Cucumis melo L.)variety ‘Xuemei’ was nutrient solution cultured to investigate the effect of exogenous proline on proline metabolism under salt stress.The content of proline,△¹pyrroline5carboxylate synthase(P5CS)enzyme activity,ornithineoxoacid transaminase(OAT)enzyme activity,proline dehydrogenase(ProDH)enzyme activity in leaves were measured under salt stress,addition of exogenous proline under salt stress and the controlrespectively,cloning and semiquantitative expression analysis of OAT and ProDH gene were also undertaken.The results showed that compared with the control,the content of proline in the leaves of the seedlings increased significantly under salt stress.The increase of P5CS enzyme activity was larger than that of OAT enzyme,the amount of OAT gene expression did not increase in the majority of time period.ProDH enzyme activity decreased and the amount of ProDH gene expression also decreased in the leaves of melon seedling under salt stress.With the addition of exogenousproline under salt stress.The content of proline further increased,the activities of OAT and ProDH enzyme improved and activity of P5CS enzyme decreased,the amount of OAT expression increased rapidly,the amount of ProDH expression increased at first and then fell.This result suggested that proline accumulation in the melon seedlings was mainly through the increase of glutamate pathway and inhibition of proline degradation under salt stress.The adequate exogenous proline under salt stress could enhance the ornithine pathway but had a certain inhibitory effect on the glutamate pathway,and proline was further accumulated to enhance salt tolerance of melon seedling by regulating the synthesis and degradation,two kinds of metabolism ways.

Abstract:In this study,we investigated that the effects of ultravioletB radiation and NaCl stress and their combined treatments on the antioxidant system and photosynthetic pigments in two species of poplar,Populus euphratica and Populus russkii (black poplar hybrids),by setting four treatment groups including UV-B(enhanced UV-B radiation),NaCl(100 mmol/L NaCl),UV-B+NaCl(enhanced UVB radiation and 100mmol/L NaCl),CK(No extra NaCl and UV-B treatment).The results show that:(1)under enhanced UVB radiation and NaCl stress and their combined stresses,the content of chlorophyll of two species of Populus were decreased,the ratio of chlorophyll a/b was also decreased,but the content of carotenoid was increased.The contents of lipid peroxidation MDA and H₂O₂ in leaves of P.euphratica and P.russkii were both significantly increased (P<0.05).However,under the combined stresses,the MDA content in leaves of P.russkii was significantly lower than each single stress,the MDA content in leaves of P.euphratica and the H₂O₂ content in leaves of P.euphratica and P.russkii were between two singlestress.(2)The activities of POD and CAT in P.russkii and P.euphratica were all significantly increased under three different stresses,and POD activity was the highest under the combined stress.(3)The contents of osmotic protectants (such as proline,gylcinebetaine,soluble protein)in leaves of two species of populus were all significantly increased under three different stress conditions.Moreover,the contents of proline and soluble protein were the highest under the combined stresses.Compared with P.russkii,the content of gylcinebetaine in leaves of P.euphratica had larger increase in under three different stresses,while the content of soluble protein of P.russkii was significantly more than P.euphratica under enhancement of UV-B radiation and the combined stresses.In summary,two species of Populus were subject to different degrees of damage under three different stress conditions.But compared with two kinds of single stress,the antioxidative ability of two species of Populus was the strongest under the combined stresses,so the degree of two species of Populus damaged was more less under the combined stresses.It show that the enhanced UV-B radiation and NaCl stress may antagonized each other’s effects in plantlet.

Abstract:The effects of different concentrations of NaCl[0.042%(CK),0.2%,0.4% and 0.6%] on the injury and chlorophyll fluorescence in Acer palmatum seedlings were performed by pot experiment.The results showed that the salt injury of A.palmatum seedlings tuned on mild,moderate and severe respectively when the soil salt contents were set at 0.2%,0.4% and 0.6%.Leaf water content,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the total contents of chlorophyll significantly decreased with the increased salt concentration.At the same time,the anthocyanin content significantly increased with the increased salt concentration by 48.7%,280.3% and 382.7% higher than those of CK respectively.Leaf F_v/F_o,F_v/F_m,Yield,ETR,Φ_PSⅡ and qP significantly decreased with the increased salt concentration,while NPQ significantly increased under low concentration stress and decreased under high concentration stress compared with control.NPQ of the treatments under 0.2% NaCl stress was 33.3% higher than those of CK significantly.It suggested that leaf chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis were significantly inhibited under salt stress in A.palmatum.While the moderate salt stress could protect photosynthetic apparatus from damage by increasing the energy consumption of PSⅡ reaction center,so the seedling leaves show a certain ability of salt stress tolerance.

Abstract:The contents of sucrose,glucose,fructose,total sugar and the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in the Chinese olive fruits of ‘Makeng 22’and ‘Tantou 23’were compared.Results showed that:(1)Sucrose rapid accumulation period was the key to sucrose accumulation difference between ‘Makeng22’ and ‘Tantou23’,and it also affected soluble sugar content of fruit when fruit was ripe.(The ratio of hexose to sucrose was 0.668 in the ripe ‘Makeng22’ fruit.The ratio of hexose to sucrose was 0.904 in the ripe ‘Tantou23’ fruit.(2)In sucrose rapid accumulation period,AI activity of‘Makeng22’ was lower than that of ‘Tantou23’,which created a chance for sucrose rapid accumulation.And NI activity of ‘Makeng22’ was higher than that of ‘Tantou23’,which strengthened the fruit sink.SPS activity changes of ‘Makeng22’ and ‘Tantou23’ were similar,so SPS was not the key to the sucrose accumulation.The growth of ‘Makeng22’ fruit SuSy(synthesis direction)activity was higher than that of ‘Tantou23’ in after full bloom 144 d-186 d,so SuSy(synthesis direction)was the key to the sucrose accumulation.(3)Sucr-ose rapidly accumulating relied mainly on SuSy synthesis direction activity changes to promote the increase of sucrose content in ‘Makeng22’ fruit.Sucrose rapidly accumulating relied mainly on SuSy cleavage direction activity changes to promote the speed of sucrose into fruit in ‘Tantou23’ fruit.

Abstract:In the present paper,the dynamic change rule of manganese content in different organs during seed maturation process and corresponding seed germination rate of Phytolacca americana were compared under different manganese concentrations(0.005,0.1,1.0 mmol/L)in order to understand the manganese enrichment regularity and its effect on reproductive capacity of the manganese hyperaccumulator in breeding period.Results showed that,during seed maturation process,(1)Manganese content in roots,stems,leaves and fruits all increased gradually in each group,and the higher the manganese concentration in nutrient solution,the more manganese content in all organs.Manganese content in seed changed differently between control and treating groups,it declined slightly firstly then kept increasing in control group(0.005 mmol/L)while increased firstly then decreased in final stage in treating groups(0.1 and 1.0 mmol/L).(2)Manganese content order in different organs was seedP<0.01).Results indicate that,Phytolacca americana will distribute the surplus manganese in organs reasonably to reduce the harmful effects caused by manganese enrichment and complete its life cycle successfully.It might improve the germination rate by reducing the manganese amount in seeds at the final stage of seed maturation process to ensure a high reproductive capacity and the soluble water environment and these organic acids in fruit juice may play an important role in manganese toxicity resistance.

Abstract:In this research,the biological characteristic stability,the characteristics of morphology,photosynthesis and growth of 8 different ecotypes belong to Apocynum and Poacynum (common name:Luobuma) in Altay of Xinjiang were analyzed,aimed to afford scientific base for the protection and utilization of Luobuma germplasm resources.The results showed that:(1) morphological characteristics of each ecotype of Luobuma were stable except BMK ecotype.(2) Net photosynthetic rates (P_n) of 8 ecotypes of Luobuma were 17.8-30.1 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 and 9-16 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 at forenoon and noon,respectively.P_n was reduced by 6%-45% at noon compared with forenoon of which BMB ecotype and BMZ ecotype given the lowest and the highest P_n value among the 8 ecotypes of Luobuma.(3) Variation characteristics of P_n,transpiration rate (T_r) and C_i/C_a values were consistency for most ecotypes,which showed that the “midday depression” was affected by stomatal conductance (G_s).but the “midday depression” of BMF ecotype was affected by non-stomatal factors.(4) DBM ecotype belongs to “high photosynthetic rate,low transpiration rate,high WUE”,LHM ecotype belongs to “low photosynthetic rate,low transpiration rate,high WUE”.BMB belongs to “high photosynthetic rate,high transpiration rate,low WUE” and “low photosynthetic rate,low transpiration rate,low WUE” at forenoon and noon,respectively.BMZ ecotype was counter to BMB ecotype.(5) The plant height (>110 cm),ground diameter (>8.2 mm) and leaf dry weight (>22.6 g) of BMF and BMB ecotypes were the highest than that of other ecotypes.The internodes length of DBM ecotype was the longest (>6.5 cm).The results indicated that most Luobuma ecotypes had formed stable characters for adapting to the environment in the long-term evolution.BMB ecotype had tolerance of strong highlights and high temperature and utilization of weak light.LHM and BMB ecotypes could be used to product leaves.BMF and BMH ecotypes could be used for leaf and fiber product,while DBM ecotype was not suitable to plant in Altay.

Abstract:Syringa is an important woody ornamental plant with lush flowers and aromatic scent.The research on volatile compositions is necessary for floral scent release mechanism,and provides scientific basis for botanical garden application and new varieties breeding.In this study,the floral volatiles emitted from 6 different Syringa species and varieties including S.oblata×S.vulgaris ‘Xiangxue’,S.persica,S.velutina,S.meyeri,S.pubescens subsp.microphylla and S.meyeri ‘Si Ji Lan’ were collected with dynamic headspace method,and then were identified by automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS) technique.The results showed that:(1) the floral volatile components of the 6 different Syringa species and varieties were distinct qualitatively and quantitatively.A total of 80 volatile components were identified,and these compounds belonged to 9 volatile categories including benzenoid and derivative,terpenoid,alcohol,aldehyde,ketone,fatty hydrocarbon,ester,acid,and others.(2) Among the 6 different species,the highest release amount of volatile components was emitted from S.persica,which was almost 1.8 times more than the lowest that from S.meyeri ‘Si Ji Lan’.(3) Except S.oblata×S.vulgaris ‘Xiangxue’,benzenoid and derivative showed the highest release amount among the 9 categories,so benzenoid and derivative was the main volatile category of the floral fragrances.In S.oblata×S.vulgaris ‘Xiangxue’,the release amount of terpenoid was the highest among 9 categories.(4) Among the components,1,3-dimethyl benzene,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,ethylbenzene,p-xylene,butylated hydroxyl toluene,5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethyl heptane were exhibited higher release amount in these Syringa plants,which suggested that these compounds were main volatile components of lilac flowers.

Abstract:Androdioecy (the coexistence of two genders,bisexuals and males,in a single population) is a rare breeding system.The association between plant functional traits and breeding system give us a new insight to determine the strategies how plants adapt to environment.It is considered to be necessary to analyze the correlation of functional traits and carbon contents,especially when studying about the differences between reproductive and vegetative growth process.We analyzed the specific leaf area（SLA）,leaf dry matter content（LDMC）,branch dry matter content（BDMC）,leaf carbon content and branch carbon content in different flower and fruit developmental stages of both genders.The main results can be summarized as follows:(1) no significant difference was found in the same flower and fruit developmental stages for these functional traits except for LDMC in fruit inflating stage(P<0.05).However,these functional traits are significantly different between three flower and fruit developmental stages.As for bisexuals,LDMC,SLA,strong correlation were observed between full-bloom stage and fruit inflating stage,fruit inflating stage and mature stage,respectively(P<0.001),while no difference for males.(2) Strong positive correlation were observed between LDMC and BDMC as for bisexuals (P<0.001).Conversely,weak positive correlation were observed between LDMC and BDMC for males(P<0.05).(3) No significant difference was found in the same flower and fruit developmental stages for both genders’ leaf carbon content and branch carbon content.Obvious difference was found among three stages(P<0.001),and the branch carbon content in the full-bloom stage was the greatest,the second for fruit inflating stage and the least for mature stage (4) Positive correlation was found between leaf carbon content,branch carbon content and LDMC,BDMC for bisexuals(P<0.001),while there was positive correlation only between leaf carbon content and BDMC for males(P<0.05).We can conclude that Acer mandshuricum’s reproductive and vegetative growths vary among phases obviously.Bisexuals showed stronger correlation between leaf and branch than that in males,and this was also found in the ability to obtain and maintain resource.This suggests that bisexuals have a high concordance with obtain resource and transmission system,which is a strategy to adapting to the environment.For bisexuals,reproductive cost seems not to be high enough to affect vegetative growth,and we infer that bisexuals may have compensation mechanism.

Abstract:We firstly analyzed that the overall association characteristics of non-degraded and degraded Kobresia capillifolia communities by the variance ratio method.Then basing on 2×2 contingency table and important value of plant species,we investigated the composition of communities,interspecific relationship of plants and the stages of community succession,by using Chi square test,Jaccard index and Spearman rank correlation analysis.The results suggest that:(1)the differences in species composition between two communities are small;(2)the overall association of two communities shows significant negative correlation,and the interspecific relationship of each community are close on the whole;(3)most of the species of two communities have a weak interspecific association,namely,great independence,and the species pairs showing a negative or a positive association respectively occupies about half of total species pairs.It is studied that both non-degraded and degraded K.capillifolia communities are in the unstable stage.

Abstract:Based on close investigation and related data,the floristic characteristics of wild seed plants in Huaeshan National Nature Reserve of Sichuan were analyzed and were compared with that of six around districts.The results showed that:(1)the floristic composition is complex with various types.This area contains 2 386 wild seed plant species,which belong to 144 families and 810 genera.There are 11 distribution types of family and 15 distribution types of genera,which account for 73.33% and 100.00% of the total distribution types in China respectively.(2)The dominance of plurimotypic families and genera are obvious,the flora is ancient with abundant endemic genera.(3)The tropical and temperate components account for 60.71% and 38.39% respectively on the family level,and account for 38.32% and 56.34% respectively on the genus level.This reflected its transitional characteristic.(4) Compared with around districts,the floristic composition of Huaeshan is highly similar to that of Dabashan,but is very different from that of Funiushan,Qingmuchuan and Xiaolongshan.Meanwhile,the endemism and tropical characteristics are more obvious in Huaeshan.(5) The floristic composition of Huaeshan is simpler than that of Dabashan,Yintiaoling and Funiushan,is similar to Wulipo and Xiaolongshan,and is more complex than Qimuchuan.

Abstract:Two genera are reported as newly record genera in Shandong Province,viz.Matteuccia Todaro and the new record species Matteuccia struthiopteris (Linnaeus)Todaro,Dimeria Robert Brown and the new record species Dimeria ornithopoda Trinius.The voucher specimens were deposited in the herbaria of School of Pharmacy,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(SDCM).

Abstract:Craniotome Reichenb.and the species Craniotome furcata (Link) Kuntze,Stachys kouyangensis (Vaniot) Dunn,Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth.var.hainanensis Sun ex C.Y.Wu,Elsholtzia flava (Benth.) Benth.,Leucas chinensis (Retz.)R.Br..The plants of Lamiaceae are all firstly reported in Guangxi,China.All the specimens are preserved in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science (GXMI).

Abstract:More than 50 samples were collection in August 2013 from the Kanas National Nature Reserve wetland in Xinjiang,China.Through identity,8 taxa from desmids were newly recorded in Xinjiang which belong to four genera.They are Closterium rostratum Ehrenberg,Pleurotaenium trabecula var.crassum Wittrock,Euastrum dubium Ngeli,Cosmarium subcucumis Schmidle,Cosmarium subgranatum (Nordstedt) Lütkemüller,Cosmarium tatricum Raciborski,Cosmarium turpinii var.eximium W.et G.S.West f.Jao,Cosmarium undulatum var.alaskanum Croasdale.In addition,the morphological characteristics of species identification were described.The study will provide basic data for algae plants resource investigation of Xinjiang.

Abstract:Vitamin B₆ (VB₆) is a generic term referring to six interconvertiblecompounds,pyridoxine,pyridoxal,pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated derivatives,pyridoxine 5′-phosphate,pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate.Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is the catalytically active form of VB₆,andacts as cofactor in more than 140 different enzyme reactions.VB₆ is synthesized de novo by two different enzymatic pathways,the DXP (1′-deoxy-D-xylulose-5′-phosphate)- dependent pathway of E.coli and a few other bacteria,and the DXP- independent pathway found in almost all other organisms,except for animals.In addition to the de novo pathways,another pathway is found in all organisms,and functions to convert the six different VB₆ forms between each other.This pathway is called the “salvage pathway”.This article summarizes the current knowledge on the de novo synthetic pathway and the salvage pathway of VB₆ in plants.

Abstract:Plants are susceptible to infect drought stress during growth and development.It is specially significant to the proteomics in the study of physiological mechanisms of plant drought stress by exploring the different proteins and genes under the drought stress conditions.This paper reviewed the concept and research methods of proteomic,and current progress of plant drought stress,included in their photosynthesis and C metabolism,antioxidant enzyme systems,osmoregulation protein,heat shock protein(HSP),late embryogenesis abundant proteins(LEA)and transcription factors etc.At the same time,some proposals were put forward for future research.