Abstract:According to the coding sequence of GhTCP15 gene,a pair of primers were designed. The homologous sequence of GbTCP15 gene,was cloned from cotton(Gossypium barbadense L.)cultivar Xinhai 21 using reverse transcription PCR methods in this study. GbTCP15 gene contained open reading frame(ORF) of 1 056 bp in length, 351 amino acids residues with a predicted molecular mass of about 38 057.4 kD and a basic isoelectric point of 9.01,with a highly conservative TCP domain in the encoded putative protein. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed of GbTCP15 protein shared high degree of identity with other higher plant TCP proteins and the gene in evolution has proved to be conservative. Subcellular localization showed that GbTCP15 expressed possibly in cell nucleus. Thus, we speculated that GbTCP15 play a role on signal transduction and transcriptional regulatory during replication and transcription. The phylogenetic tree showed that GbTCP15 was located at the same distribute with Gossypium raimondii GrTCP15. The experment results of real time PCR exhibited that GbTCP15 had a higher expression level in stems and fibers (15 d). Above results suggested that GbTCP15 transcription factor may be involved in the cotton fiber and table fur development.

Abstract:In order to understand the functions of HERC2 and effectively make use it, we cloned the HERC2 cDNA and gDNA sequence from sunflower and analyzed it by bioinformatics method. Expression pattern of HERC2 of sunflower was revealed under abiotic stresses. The CDS of HERC2 is 1 608 bp, encoding 535 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight is 131 kD, isoelectric point is 5.03. The HERC2 encoded protein is hydrophobic proteins, and it is cytoplasmic protein. The protein was localized in the Golgi apparatus. The protein has 5 RCC1 conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence of E3 ubiquitin ligase was close to Tarenaya hassleriana, was far with Glycine max and Glycine soja. Gene accession number is KT832066. The ORF of gDNA of HERC2 is 3 409 bp, which have 5 exons and 4 introns. Gene accession number is KT832067. RTqPCR showed that HERC2 has different expression characteristics under different abiotic stresses. The expression characteristics also exist in different organs.

Abstract:In this study, we acquired two MtDGAT1 genes (MtDGAT11 and MtDGAT12) from cDNA of Medicago truncatula by using insilico cloning combined with RTPCR. The length of MtDGAT11 is 1 620 bp, encoding 539 amino acids, while the length of MtDGAT12 is 1 524 bp, encoding 507 amino acids. Multiple alignments revealed that both MtDGAT11 and MtDGAT12 shared the typical functional motifs with DGAT1s from other plant species. Expression analysis showed that both MtDGAT11 and MtDGAT12 were expressed in root, stem, leaf, flower and seed, and highly expressed in developing seeds; MtDGAT11 was highly expressed in earlymiddle periods of seed development, while MtDGAT12 was highly expressed in the middle and later periods of seed development. Functional complementation in yeast H1246 confirmed that MtDGAT11 encodes disfunctional DGAT and MtDGAT12 encodes functional DGAT.

Abstract:Using the protein sequence of GhPCBER as a probe, six of genes showing high sequence homology were obtained from a genome database of Gossypium hirsutum L.tetraploid cotton with Blastp search. These sequences were used to design primers, and then six genes were isolated from cotton fiber of G. hirsutum L. by using RTPCR technique and designated as GhPCBER1, GhPCBER2, GhPCBER3, GhIFR, GhPLR1 and GhPLR2, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all of the 6 proteins belong to PIP subfamily since the conserved motifs and active residues in their sequences. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR results showed that in addition to GhPLR1, all the other 5 PIP subfamily genes were specifically or preferentially expressed in fiber cells. Of 6 genes, the expression pattern of GhPCBER1, GhPCBER2, GhPCBER3 and GhIFR showed increasing firstly and then decreasing trend during cotton fiber developing stage. The expression level of GhPCBER1 and GhPCBER2 reached a maximum at 21 day post anthesis, and GhIFR and GhPCBER3 reached a maximum at 18 day post anthesis. The expression pattern of GhPLR1 and GhPLR2 showed an ascendant trend with cotton fiber developing. According to the characteristics of gene expression, it is speculated that the PIP subfamily may play an important role in cotton fiber development.

Abstract:Glutathione reductase is one of enzymes participating in the oxidation reduction reaction in organisms, which plays an important role in the process of stress tolerance. As a kind of cyanobacteria, Nostoc flagelliforme possesses strongly resistance to environment stresses，so it is meaningful to study the role of glutathione reductase in the resistant mechanism. In order to explore the biological functions of glutathione reductase in process of stress tolerance in N. flagelliforme, we cloned the complete open reading frame of the gene NfGR, and took a bioinformatics analysis of gene sequence. The ORF of NfGR contains 1 374 bp, encoding 458 amino acids, and its relative molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point is 49.42 kD and 5.49, respectively. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the protein NfGR has two domains of NADBRossmann superfamily and Pyr redox dim superfamily, and amino acid sequence of NfGR protein is similar to that of Nostoc punctiforme with similarity up to 93%. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed by neighbor joining method clearly showed that NfGR protein was classified into a subgroup with N. punctiforme, which suggested their close relationship. qRTPCR result showed that the expressions of NfGR gene were upregulated under different concentrations of PEG6000, and reached peak at 8% PEG6000 concentration, with the relative expression level of 32.69. It is hypothesized that glutathione reductase may be involved in the response to stress resistance of N. flagelliforme according to its expression characteristics.

Abstract:In order to provide basis for fine mapping and gene cloning on early aging of flag leaf in wheat, we used 128 RILs from the cross of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) between Ningchun 4 and Ningchun 27 as the plant materials in our experiment. QTL mapping for early aging of flag leaf was done by using 307 polymorphic SSR markers and marker encryption was completed by building integration maps. An additive QTL for early aging of flag leaf was detected in flanking marker gwm526~gwm382 on chromosome 2AL, which explained 49.88% phenotypic variance. There were 124 SNP markers between gwm526 and gwm382 marker found by building integration maps.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of 5 populations of Paeonia decomposita and 4 populations of Paeonia decomposita subsp. rotundiloba was dectected by intersimple sequence repeat markers(ISSR). (1) For P. decomposita, the percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB) at the species level, Neis gene diversity(H) and Shannons information index(I) were 89.36%, 0.291 4, 0.441 3, respectively, while for P. decomposita subsp. rotundiloba, the three indices were 81.91%, 0.285 7, 0.428 5, respectively, all lower than that of P. decompositas. The genetic variation of them were little lower at population level. (2) The coefficient of genetic differentiation among population(G_st) was 0.355 5 for P. decomposita and 0.379 1 for P. decomposita subsp. rotundiloba, suggesting that for both species there is a high genetic differention within population; the gene flow of the two species was 0.906 5 and 0.819 0, respectively and show that gene flow was limited among populations. (3) Mantel test indicated that there was a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances among P. decomposita populations, whereas no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances of P. decomposita subsp. rotundiloba populations. (4) UPGMA analysis showed significant genetic differention between the two species at molecular level, supporting the view that they are two separate species. The study indicated that P. decomposita suffered human disturbance and natural disaster may be its endangered reasons. P. decomposita subsp. rotundiloba populations are subjected to severe disruption as well, even more serious than P. decomposita populations. So all the individuals of populations should be protected in situ timely, and it is as large as possible to gain the sample in order to reserve their genetic diversity owning to the genetic variation mainly exist in population.

Abstract:To understand the genetic relationship of Dendrobium in Qinba，the genetic diversity of 12 populations was analyzed using five intersimple sequence repeat（ISSR） markers．(1) The UPGMA analysis exhibited significant genetic differentiation among D.nobile Lindl，D.flexicaule Z. H. Tsi and D.hancockii Rolfe，which revealed that they are independent species．(2) Six populations of D. nobile were obviously divided into two branches，the populations of LJ, MT, YP and WF are classified as Clade I because of the close genetic consistency among them；the populations of YJ and PT are classified as CladeⅡdue to the highest degree of genetic consistency and genetic distance. (3) The Neis gene diversity (H_t) and coefficient of gene differentiation (G_st) of D. nobile were 0.388 and 0.934, respectively, which indicated that there were high diversity and gene differentiation among the populations of D. nobile．Our findings clearly evidenced the genetic diversity of D. nobile in different areas of Qinba, which will be used in identification and intellectual property protection．

Abstract:With ‘Dianthus hybridus’ as experiment material, we used fluorescence microscope to observe the pollen germination and pollen tube growth after pollination, to study the process of fertilization and embryo development with paraffin section method. The results showed that: (1) at 1 h after pollination, a small amount of pollens germinationed; At 4 h after pollination, a large number of pollens germinationed, pollen tube tips were found in the style middle, and callose response was found in pollen tubes; 6 h after pollination pollen tube grow to capital base and with a small amount of ovules; After 15 h stylar cannal has callose response, the pollen tube with the ovule number increased; At 24 h, many of pollen tubes have arisen around, one of the pollen tube enters the ovule, some pollen tubes have formed coiled overgrowth and generate callose reaction in the embryo sac. Sperm nucleus fused with polar nuclei mainly in 17-48 h after pollination, and the egg cell fusion process is mainly in 1-3 d after pollination. (2) The development of embryo through the proembryo, globular embryo, rod shaped embryo, heartshaped embryo, torpedo embryo and cotyledon embryo stages. (3) Cross obstacle characterized by: only free endosperm nuclear and no embryo developmental embryo sac, zygote did not divided, sperm did not fused with polar nucleus, only free endosperm development without embryos of embryo sac, globular embryo aborted. The prefertilization and postfertilization, obstacle are the main cause of low seed setting rate.

Abstract:The epidermal morphology of fifteen species of Athyriaceae was investigated under light microscope. The results indicated that: epidermal cells of fifteen species of Athyriaceae are irregular, with concaveconvex or sinuate anticlinal walls. The length to width ratio of upper epidermal cells was between 1.0-3.2, and the length and width ratio of lower epidermal cells was between 1.0-2.6.In these 15 kinds of plants, 6 types of stomatal apparatus were observed, Polocytic type, Axillocytic type, Copolocytic type, Coaxillocytic type, Anomotetracytic type and Anomocytic type. Each plant has three to four types of stomatal apparatus, all the stomatal apparatuses occur in the lower epidermis, and most of them are elliptical. Stomatal length to width ratio was between 1.3-2.1; the stomatal density was 32-90/mm², and the stomatal index was 17.7%-40.9%. On the basis of the leaf epidermis morphology, 15 species of Athyriaceae can be divided into three categories, Diplazium, Athyrium, Deparia. According to the results of leaf epidermal morphology, the classification system of Christenhusz was supported to a certain extent. This study provided basic data for the classification and evolution of the species of Athyriaceae.

Abstract:Taking the ‘Super Olympic’ Begonia Semperflorens as material, at room temperature (25 ℃/15 ℃) under normal sunshine condition or low temperature (15 ℃/6 ℃) under the different photoperiods, we sprayed the plants with abscisic acid (ABA). The endogenous pigment content, hormone contents and enzyme activities were comparatively analyzed to discuss the effects of exogenous ABA on anthocyanin biosynthesis and its mechanism. The results showed: (1) at room temperature and normal sunshine condition, the leaves will get red obviously on the 3th days when applying ABA (5 and 10 μmol/L). The anthocyanin content and endogenous ABA content of pigment increased significantly, while the endogenous gibberellin (GA) content decreased significantly. The anthocyanin biosynthesis and trans portation also increased significantly. (2) Under the condition of low temperature, the anthocyanin accumulation was closely related to photoperiod and the anthocyanin accumulation was the largest in short day; The anthocyanin accumulation in sunshine condition also increased, but there was no significant difference between sunshine and long sunshine. (3) The addition of 10 μmol/L ABA treatment increased the content of H donor NADPH in DFR reduction under long day and sunshine condition. Under low temperature treatment, the activities of DFR and UFGT enzymes increased and then increased the anthocyanin content. In addition, exogenous ABA treatment could increase endogenous ABA content and decrease the content of endogenous GA in low temperature and different photoperiod treatments, which was consistent with the production of anthocyanin. The results showed that exogenous ABA can affect the synthesis of anthocyanins by regulating key enzyme in anthocyanin synthesis of flowers. The application of suitable concentration of ABA can promote the B. semperflorens leaf anthocyanin accumulation and can be used to control leaf coloring in actual production.

Abstract:In this paper, the contents of ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and related enzyme activities of Lgalactose dehydrogenase (GalDH), Lgalactono14lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) were investigated during the fruit development in sweet cherry ‘Satonishiki’. The results showed that: (1) the contents of total AsA, AsA, DHA and GSSG was the highest at the 0 day after anthesis (DAA), and then decreased persistently. However, the contents of total GSH and GSH was first increased and then decreased. (2) The accumulation of AsA and GSH increased during the whole growth process of sweet cherry fruit, especially during the second rapid growth period of fruit development. Different enzymes involved in metabolism of AsA showed different patterns during the development of sweet cherry fruit, but the changes of GalLDH, MDHAR and DHAR activities were similar to that of AsA. (3) The correlation analysis showed that they had a significantly positive correlation with the content of AsA, which indicated that they may be the key enzymes of AsA accumulation in sweet cherry fruit.

Abstract:The mitigation effects of exogenous Ca²⁺ on waterlogginginduced damages to agronomic and physiological indexes of pepper cultivar Bolahongniu were investigated by spraying Ca²⁺ on leaves surface at different days. The results showed that: (1) the biomass, seedling index, chorophyll contents, root activity, proline, soluble sugar, SOD and CAT activities of pepper seedlings showed a trend of increasing firstly, then decreasing with spraying days increase. MDA content showed a trend of decreasing firstly, then increasing with spraying days increase. (2) Spraying calcium one day treatment(T_1d) showed no significant mitigation effect under waterlogging damage for pepper. Spraying calcium 3 days treatment(T_3d) and spraying calcium 6 day treatment(T_6d) showed the increased mitigation effect gradually. Spraying calcium 9 days treatment(T_9d) achieved the best results, while the mitigation effect gradually weakened with spraying calcium 12 days treatment(T_12d) and spraying calcium 20 days treatment(T_20d), but still significantly better than that of T_1d treatment. Overall, the results suggested that Ca²⁺ might mitigates waterlogginginduced damages to pepper and achieves better alleviation effects by spraying 9 days.

Abstract:The Pinus massoniana seedlings were treated with different Al³⁺ concentrations in order to investigate the effects of aluminum stress on growth and physiological characteristics including chlorophyll, osmo regulation substance(soluble sugar, protein, proline), MDA and protective enzyme(superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) activities in leaves, which were experimented and studied to provide theoretical basis for revealing aluminum toxicity physiological mechanism and improving the Altolerant ability of P. massoniana. The results showed the treatment of 0.2 mmol·L^-1 Al³⁺ had no significant impact to the seedling height and basal diameter but some promotion on its root length; above 0.2 mmol·L^-1 Al³⁺, the growth of the seedling height, basal diameter, root length were inhibited, and the higher the concentration is, the stronger the inhibition is; The content of chlorophyll and the activities of SOD and POD in leaves climbed with the increase of Al³⁺ concentration before they declined; above 0.2 mmol·L^-1 Al³⁺, with the addition of Al³⁺ concentration, the contents of osmo regulation substances, such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline presented the upward trend; above 0.2 mmol·L^-1 Al³⁺, the content of MDA changed the same as the osmo regulation substances. It proved that P. massoniana membrane lipid could produce oxidation with the treatment of Al³⁺. P. massoniana seedlings had a certain Altolerant ability. They could produced physiological adaptive response to balance and reduce the aluminum toxicity by increasing the synthesis of SOD and POD, and accumulating proline, protein and soluble sugar.

Abstract:To explore response mechanism of Artemisia selengensis on plant growthpromoting bacteria (PGPB) under cadmium stress, this study examined the effects of strain T3 on growth, physiology characteristics, cadmium concentration and translocation and rhizosphere microorganisms of A. selengensis under different concentrations of cadmium by pot experiment. The results indicated that (1) Bacillus sp.T3 could distinctly promote the accumulation of shoot,root and total dry weight, but had no significant difference in plant height and rootshoot ratio of A. selengensis under cadmium stress. (2) Bacillus sp.T3 could distinctly increase A. selengensis to cadmium concentration and translocation, bioconcentration factors (BCF) of cadmium in shoot increased by 8.3%-29.3%, translocation factors(TF) increased by 20.8%-38.3%, but BCF in root reduced by 6.6%-11.1% compared with the single cadmium stress. (3) Under the joint action of cadmium stress and Bacillus sp.T3, A. selengensis chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents significantly enhanced compared with the single cadmium stress. (4) Bacillus sp.T3 could significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), whereas significantly reduced the malondialdehyde(MDA) content of A. selengensis. Therefore it could effectively strengthen A. selengensis to resist oxidation damage produced by cadmium stress. (5) Under cadmium stress, Bacillus sp.T3 could significantly improve the number of bacteria, actinomyces and the total number of microorganisms of A. selengensis rhizosphere soil, but could not distinctly reduce the number of fungi compared with CK. The study suggested that Bacillus sp.T3 was conducive to improve growth, physiology and rhizosphere microorganisms environment of A. selengensis and then strengthen A. selengensis adaptability to cadmium stress environment as well as tolerance.

Abstract:Taking Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in the natural flooding area along lower reaches of Tarim River as objects, we analyzed the growth of seedlings and variation of the population under continuous flooding disturbance, and the photosynthetic dynamic responses of seedlings under different flood intensities. Conclusions were as following: (1) the population density of T. ramosissima seedlings under continuous twice strong flooding disturbance, from March 2013 to July 2014, increased firstly, then decreased and increased lastly, but the seedlings’ crown, height and stem diameter decreased firstly, then increased and decreased. (2) The population density of the seedlings increased firstly and then decreased in monitoring area Ⅲ in which the second flooding disturbance was weaker, but its crown, height and stem diameter decreased firstly and then increased. (3) The leaf relative water content of the seedlings decreased firstly with the second flooding disturbance decreasing and then increased. At the same time, the chlorophyll content, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ in the light (Φ_PSⅡ), photochemical quenching (q_P) of the seedlings decreased, the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) increased, but the maximal photochemical efficiencies of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m) maintained optimum value. The research means that although the continuous twice strong flooding disturbance could make the population of T. ramosissima seedlings regenerated, it also cause death to a large number of seedlings for flooding. As a result, the population of T. ramosissima seedlings could not form a certain scale. We suggest that we can adopt the strong and weak alternately manner to conduct ecological water conveyance, which can improve the survival rate of seedlings, and make the seedlings to grow stably.

Abstract:Phenotypic plasticity play the important role in the plant individual adaptation in extreme arid region. In this study, leaf anatomical structures of Populus euphratica were quantitatively analyzed to reveal the differences of phenotypic adaptive plasticity in three different soil conditions(Erdaoqiao, Qidaoqiao, Badaoqiao) in Egina, Innermongolia. The results showed that leaf anatomical structures of P. euphratica presented obvious divergence phenomenon in the heterogeneous soil conditions. Leaf anatomical structures of P. euphratica in Erdaoqiao, Qidaoqiao, Badaoqiao had different degrees of differences except main vein xylem/main vascular bundle area, and spongy tissue thickness had significant differences among three soil conditions. Soil moisture and salinity affected growth of epidermal tissue in represents of upper epidermal cell, and soil fertility affected growth of conducting tissue in represents of the main vein vascular bundle and palisade tissue in Ejina. Environmental heterogeneity is the root cause of leaf anatomical plasticity of P. euphratica. Leaf anatomical plasticity make P. euphratica adapt to different environments and different structures form adaptability difference in the same environment. Variation coefficient and plasticity index of the main vein xylem area and the main vein vascular bundle area were high, which showed main vein xylem and main vein vascular bundle were the major structure of P. euphratica in response to conditional changes. Leaf anatomical structure characteristics and its plasticity are the important adaptive strategy of P. euphratica in the dryland.

Abstract:Based on the samples of the coarse woody debris (CWD) of major six species of deciduous and coniferous trees in paleoperiglacical landform forest of the Mt.Laotudingzi, eastern Liaoning mountainous region, by the methods of natural wind dry, indoor soak and Xray fluorescence, this paper had a systematic research on waterabsorption rate, waterabsorption ability and the nutrient element content of CWD. The results were as follows: (1) The water absorption equals a precipitation of 2.533 mm in the 8 hours constant soaking process, and 60% of it was made in the beginning 15 mins. In the comparison of each single sample, 900 m altitude trees, deciduous trees, high decay class, logs and roots showed better ability of waterabsorption.(2) Element slowly releasing and enrichment function of CWD: The percentage of Carbon is 78.96% in sapwoods and that in heartwood is 96.05%. It was also found that the element N, Ca, Si, K, Mg, P contents in sapwoods were 4.93, 5.88, 10.79, 2.72, 1.25 and 2.38 times as that in heartwoods correspondingly. The contents of nutrient elements had a minor difference in the sapwoods of each sample, among which, the CWD of coniferous trees and high decay class reveal higher carbon content while the CWD of deciduous trees and low decay class have a higher nitrogen content and above all, snags have a high content of both two elements. The research indicated that: CWD had an important function of waterholding, nutrient element slowly releasing and enrichment in the paleoperiglacical landforms forest ecosystems of eastern Liaoning mountainous region; the sapwoods play a more important role than heartwoods in the aspect of nutrient slowly releasing and enrichment. Since the land has a low soil coverage rate and the soil layer on land is thin and barren, the CWD is an irreplaceable and crucial ecological component of paleoperiglacical landform forests.

Abstract:To provide theoretical reference for the efficient use in cultivation of Isatis indigotica, field experiment was carried to analyze the indigo, indirubin, total alkaloids, (R,S)epigoitrin and polysaccharide of I. indigotica from five different areas by using seven nitrogen treatments with three repeats, which were nitrogen control (CK), NO₃^-N, NH₄⁺N, NH₄⁺N/NO₃^-N=75/25, NH₄⁺N/NO₃^-N=50/50, NH₄⁺N/NO₃^-N=25/75 and CO(NH₂)₂, respectively. The results showed that nitrogen treatment was beneficial to improve its indigo of I. indigotica leaves from Yuncheng Shanxi and Shangluo Shaanxi. Meanwhile, the nitrogen treatment could also improve the total alkaloids of Bozhou Anhui and Shangluo Shaanxi. The content of indigo, indirubin and total alkaloids were all increased in the group of Yuncheng Shanxi with NH₄⁺N/NO₃^-N=50/50, as well as Yuncheng Shanxi and Shangluo Shaanxi with amide nitrogen. Compared with control, nitrogen treatment could effectively improve the (R,S)epigoitrin content of I. indigotica roots from Zhangye Gansu and Shangluo Shaanxi, and the polysaccharide content of I. indigotica roots from Bozhou Anhui. The (R,S)epigoitrin content of I. indigotica roots from Fuyang Anhui was much higher than that of others in any treatment. These results indicated that there are many differences among the responses of nitrogen treatment in different areas. Therefore, we could improve the contents of active components of the I. indigotica by applying costeffective nitrogen treatment according to the resource of I. indigotica and fertilizerrequired rhythm.

Abstract:The accumulation of heavy metals in wetland plants was studied in this paper．Phragmites australis, Scirpus validus, Lythrum salicaria, Scirpus planiculmis and Typha angustata were selected to use as test plants, comparing their accumulation of five heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn). The results showed that: (1) the treatment system with wetland plants has higher accumulation to five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn) than that without wetland plants. While the treating time was prolonged, the contents of five kind of heavy metals were decreased. (2) The five wetland plants have a significant difference for bioaccumulation to five heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn). Among them, the root of S. validus has the best bioaccumulation factors to Cd; P. australis has the best bioaccumulation factor to Cr, Hg, Pb and Zn in its root；for the aboveground, reed has the best bioaccumulation factor to Cd. Meanwhile, we found that L. salicaria has the highest bioaccumulation factor to Cr, Hg and Pb. And S. validus has the best factor to Zn. (3) The five wetland plants have a significant variation for translocation factors to five heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn). The translocation factors of S. planiculmis for Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn are all the best, of which the translocation factors for Cr and Zn are greater than 1. The translocation factor of T. angustata for Cr is also greater than 1, secondly only to S. planiculmis. The translocation factors of other three species of wetland plants for five heavy metals are all low.

Abstract:Based on the data of 560 quadrates, we studied the interspecific associations of 18 main plants with its frequency greater than or equal to 5% and experienced many times of waterlevel fluctuation in the waterlevel fluctuation zone of canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir through quantitative analysis method such as variance ratio test, Chisquare test, Jaccard index, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and so on. The ecological adaptability and the intrinsic association of different plants, and the stage of community succession were discussed to provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction. (1) The significant positive association was found among overall main 18 plants because of similarities of ecological habit, ecological requirement and ecological niche overlap. Among 153 species pairs, 78 species pairs showed positive association and 75 species pairs showed negative association in the Chisquare test, while 74 species pairs showed positive correlation and 79 species pairs showed negative correlation in the Spearman rank correlation test. (2) A larger proportion of negative association in the Chisquare test and the Spearman rank correlation test indicated the habitat was not stable and obvious resource competition existed among different plants. (3) The species pair with Jaccard index of less than 0.20 accounted for 82% of the total, which suggested that most species pairs were not closely related and interspecific association was susceptible to the interference of external factors. In the actual habitat conditions, plant community was still in the stage of instability.

Abstract:The earliest origin of Brainea insignis, an important relict species and national rare and endangered plant, could be traced to Devonian of Paleozoic. Its evolutionary process is significant to study the palaeoflora and the origin and evolution of ferns. In order to provide theory and practice basis for the protection of B. insignis, we investigated and analyzed the characteristics of floristic composition, physiognomy, structure, species diversity and succession of B. insignis community in Jingxin reservoir area of Shenzhen City by using method of standard plot, which the results shows as following: (1) B. insignis community in Jingxin reservoir area belongs to the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests with 72 species of vascular plants belonging to 66 genera and 45 families in the 16 quadrats of 1 600 m². Except for cosmopolitan, the geographical elements of genera are predominated by tropical one, accounting for 88.33% of total of nonworld genera. (2) The vertical structure of community can be divided into tree layer (with two sublayers), shrub layer and herb layer, and the liana among layers are abundant. Based on analysis of the importance value of different populations, it indicates that the Schefflera octophylla, B. insignis, Psychotria rubra, Itea chinensis and Aporusa dioica are belonged to dominant populations, and the important values are 53%, 38%, 28%, 23% and 22%, respectively. (3) Based on analysis of age structure, A. dioica, I. chinensis and Litsea rotundifolia populations all belong to the increasing population, but B. insignis population belongs to the declining population. These population age structures indicated that the community is situated with a vigorous development stage and the B. insignis population will be eliminated as time goes on. And (4) the frequency distribution law of the community in the study area is A >B >C >D < E, which is in accordance with the Lshaped curve of Raunkiaer. By comparing with those of other neighboring regions, the B. insignis community in Jingxin reservoir area of Shenzhen City shows the lower species richness, which is likely to affected by the sea breeze and human activities, so the necessary intervention and measures should be taken to protect the B. insignis community on some extant, for example, to eliminate upper deadwood, withered vine, and strengthen transparency under forest, so as to obtain more illumination.

Abstract:Geographic Information System is used in the paper. Spatial data with species of Fagaceae as attributes is composed of every county. Spatial distribution of genera is made. Spatial similarity coefficient is gotten. Spatial diversities and differences between genera in Fagaceae are analyzed. Formanodendron is a distributed area. It is different from other genera which are several scattered areas. Castanopsis, Cyclobalanopsis, Lithocarpus are more similar than other genera in spatial distribution. Their diversity centers have same place which is in the south of Yunnan. Diversity center of Fagus is more north than them. The southwest of Sichuan and northwest of Yunnan is diversity center of Quercus. The southeast region of Northwest China is an important road link between South and North China in Quercus.

Abstract:Using classical taxonomic method, we identified about 400 specimens of Bryaceae collected in Xinjiang from 1987 to 2015. The result shows that 37 taxa of five genera of Bryaceae were identified. Among the identified taxa, three species, Brachymenium acuminatum Harv., Bryum petelotii Thér. & Henr., and Bryum weigelii Biehler, were newly recorded species in Xinjiang. The taxonomic features, habitat, geographical distribution and characteristic comparison of related species are described. Meanwhile, ink drawing of the new recorded species was made. The specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Hebei Normal University （HBNU）.

Abstract:In type specimens deposited at China National Herbarium (PE), Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the types of some taxon names in Sympetalae from China are found to be syntypes under Article 9.5 of International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), including Rhododendron aberrans Tagg & Forrest, R. aemulorum I. B. Balf., R. chaetomallum I. B. Balf. & Forrest, R. citriniflorum I. B. Balf. & Forrest, R. coryanum Tagg & Forrest, R. dictyotum I. B. Balf. ex Tagg, R. fulvoides I. B. Balf. & Forrest, R. fulvum I. B. Balf. & W. W. Smith, R. glischrum I. B. Balf. & W. W. Smith, R. habrotrichum I. B. Balf. & W. W. Smith, R. hardingii Forrest ex Tagg, R. niphargum I. B. Balf. & Ward, R. rude Tagg & Forrest in Ericaceae. According to Article 8.1, 9.11 and 9.12, and Recommendation 9A.3, we designated lectotypes for thirteen names here.

Abstract:The plant calcium binding protein was found in pollen tube, which combines with Ca²⁺ directly or indirectly, orientates in membrane structure and forms Ca²⁺ signal channel. After activation of signal transmission, it will regulate pollen development and pollen tube growth. The calcium binding proteins CAM（calmodulin）,CDPK（Ca²⁺dependent kinases protein）,CML（calmodulinlike protein）,CBL（calcineurin Blike protein）and CIPK（CBLinteracting protein kinases） are recognized as key roles in the regulation of pollen development and pollen tube growth. In this review, the recent research of mechanism in different protein families and whose members between the various types of calcium binding are summarized. It also presented the effect on pollen tube specific mode of action and regulation with some examples from the calcium binding protein family members for varioustypes. In addiction, the forecast is discussed in the review about the future research in related fields.

Abstract:Interactions between plant and environmental microorganism not only existed stress relationship but also possessed symbiotic relationship. Whether on plantpathogen interaction system caused damage to plant or on plant symbiotic system provided nutrition for plant, the regulation molecular mechanism of Ca²⁺ signaling in cell transduction pathways all played important roles. In this review, we focused on both interaction systems of regulation upstream mechanism of Ca²⁺ signaling in the cell transduction pathway in details.