Abstract:Members of the activity of bc1 complex (Abc1) family are protein kinases that are functionally diverse proteins with multiple roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance. According to the amino acid sequence of AtOSA1 and the transcriptome data of Nicotiana tabacum, a Abc1 like gene was isolated and designated as NtOSA1, as for the high identity with the AtOSA1 (Arabidopsis thaliana oxidative stressrelated Abc1like protein). The open reading frame (ORF) of the NtOSA1 gene is 2 283 bp which encoded a deduced protein including 760 amino acid residues. The protein sequence of NtOSA1 possesses a conserved ABC1 domain, one kinase domain, one chloroplast localization signal peptide and two transmembrane spans. The relative expression of NtOSA1 was determined by quantitative realtime PCR (qRTPCR). The results showed that NtOSA1 gene was expressed particularly in leaves, but also in flowers. After treatment of H₂O₂ and NaCl for 6 h, the expression of _NtOSA1 increased to the maximum, which was 1.95 and 2.69 folds of the control, respectively. When fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), NtOSA1 localized to the chloroplast in tobacco protoplasts, which was consistent with the prediction results of the software TargetP 1.1 Server. These results suggested that NtOSA1 may be involved in response to oxidative and salt stress in tobacco.

Abstract:Vacuolar processing enzyme (γVPE) was cloned from Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata accession.‘Baihe351’ and Vitis vinifera cv.‘Carinena’ by RTPCR. They were named VpγVPE and VvCγVPE. The full length of VpγVPE and VvCγVPE cDNA are 1 624 bp, and the open reading frame are 1 482 bp, encoding 493 amino acid. The alignment of the amino acid sequence revealed that Ser 395, one key amino acid in substrate pocket, was replaced by Ala in Vitis pseudoreticulata accession.‘Baihe351’, Vitis vinifera cv.‘Carinena’, Vitis vinifera cv.‘Thompson seedless’ , and Vitis vinifera cv.‘Pinot Noir’. The different expression profile of VpγVPE gene and VvCγVPE gene in different periods after powdery mildew induced were analyzed by Realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR. After induction the expression of VpγVPE gene increase slightly in 4 h, 48 h, 168 h and the VvCγVPE gene shows predominant expression in 4 h after that it decreases slowly. The study shows that γVPE is related to resistant to powdery mildew. The study provides reference value to the molecular mechanism of γVPE gene in disease resistance.

Abstract:CDPKs(calciumdependent protein kinases) are important calcium signal receptors and response proteins, which play important roles in response to various abiotic stresses in plants, such as drought, low temperature and salinity. To study the effect of cotton GhCDPK1 gene to drought stress, this study used quantitative realtime PCR to analyze the gene expression under PEG stress. The results showed that GhCDPK1 gene was upregulated by drought stress. Moreover, plant expression vector was constructed and GhCDPK1 gene was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacturiummediated leaf disk transformation method to identify the gene function. The results showed that after drought stress, the water retention capacity of transgenic plants was significantly higher than that of wild type plants; the contents of chlorophyll, proline, soluble protein and the activities of POD and SOD in transgenic tobacco plants were higher than that of wild type, whereas the content of MDA was lower than that of wild type plants. These results indicate that GhCDPK1 gene, as a positive regulator, was induced by drought stress, and overexpression of GhCDPK1 gene can enhance the ability of plants to resist drought stress by accumulating more osmotic adjustment substances, enhancing the activity of the antioxidant system and maintaining the stability of the cell membrane.

Abstract:Cassava cultivar ‘Ku50’ was used as experiment materials in this study. A HDZip gene, MeHB2, was cloned from leaves of cassava ‘Ku50’ by RTPCR method. This gene contained 882 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 293 amino acids. Protein conserved domain prediction showed that MeHB2 protein contained several domains such as Homeodomain, Leu zipper and HDZip_N, indicating this gene belonged to members of HDZip II. Phylogenetic analysis exhibited that MeHB2 had close genetic relationship with its homologous genes in Jatropha curcas, Populus trichocarpa and Salix purpurea. Quantitative realtime PCR analysis revealed that low temperature, osmotic, ABA and H₂O₂ treatments significantly induced the expression of MeHB2, but salt stress depressed its expression. In addition, the expression of MeHB2 was also induced by shade stress. The results indicated that MeHB2 plays important roles in abiotic stress regulation in cassava.

Abstract:To study the function of splicing factor responses to abiotic stress, a cDNA sequence of TaSF3B2 was isolated and analyzed from wheat EST database. The results showed that TaSF3B2 contained a 1 854 bp ORF encoding 617 amino acids. Using the methods of bioinformatics to predict and analyze TaSF3B2, the protein has classic domain of splicing factor 3B subunit 2, high hydrophilia (GRAVY, -0.895) and heat stability (Instability index, 43.92). The results of realtime PCR revealed that the expression of TaSF3B2 had different levels in different developments and tissues. In addition, the expression was induced markedly by drought, salt, lowtemperature, ABA and yellow rust (CY32)，with downregulation in leaves of seedling, but no change in root. In summary, it is speculated that TaSF3B2 could play a role not only in growth and development conditions but also in biotic and abiotic stresses of wheat.

Abstract:In order to study the roles of Arabidopsis AtCIPK23 gene played in response to drought stress, we treated three AtCIPK23 gene transgenic lines and wide type tobacco K326 by drought stress. The leaf water loss rate, proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar contents and electrical conductivity were measured. Meanwhile, ROS elimination ability, and gene expression of ROS elimination and drought resistance related genes were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the water loss speed of leaves detached from transgenic lines distinctly slower than that of K326. After 7 days of drought stress treatment in natural environment, K326 plants showed yellowish and withered. The rewatering survival rate of transgenic lines was higher than that of K326 after 7 days drought stress. (2) The concents of proline, chlorophyll and soluble sugar in transgenic lines were obvious higher than that of K326. The electrical conductivity of transgenic lines leaves was significantly lower than that of K326. (3) Under drought stress, the accumulation of H₂O₂ in K326 was significantly higher than that of three transgenic lines, and three ROS elimination related genes NtSOD, NtCAT and NtAPX were upregulated only in the transgenic lines. (4) The drought resistance related genes NtAREB, NtLEA5 and NtCDPK2 were induced by drought stress in transgenic tobacco plants. These results suggest that the AtCIPK23 gene can improve the drought stress ability of transgenic tobacco.

Abstract:Despite abundant germplasm resources of wild lilies in China, the study of phylogenetic and interspecific relationship in Lilium was scarce. In this study, phylogeny of the section Leucolirion Comber which includes GenBank data and 48 specimens covering 6 closed related lilies endemic to Southwest China was explored based on ITS, cpDNA and a singlecopy nuclear gene, AKT. The results showed that: (1) in accordance with previous studies that the section Leucolirion Comber should be divided into two subsection, subsect. Leucolirion 6a and subsect. Leucolirion 6b, and L. henryi and L. rosthornii should be classified into subsect. Leucolirion 6a. We revise section Leucolirion including L. sargentiae, L. sulphureum, L. leucanthum, L. regale, L. henryi and L. rosthornii. L. bownii, which originally belonged to section Archelirion was placed into subsect. Leucolirion 6b, along with L. formosanum and L. longiflorum, we establish a new group, named section Lilium. (2)As for infrageneric relationships, section Archelirion which mainly distributes in Japan showed a sister relationship with section Leucolirion. However, section Lilium and Sinomartagon showed a close relationship. (3) The genetic distances among all taxa of chloroplast combination and AKT showed that L. henryi and L. rosthornii distinctly differ from other members of section Leucolirion. Phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast combination data, AKT fragment indicated that L. sargentiae, L. sulphureum, L. regale and L. leucanthum have a very close relationship. High genetic similarity between these species may be attributed to the particular mating system of Lilium, leading to limited genetic variation and differentiation among species.

Abstract:Fiftyfour accessions, including diseaseresistance cotton lines developed in Shaanxi and their descendants, were genotyped to evaluate their genetic diversity and population structure by 72 SSR markers spanning the whole genome of cotton. (1) The genetic similarity coefficient of 54 accessions ranged from 0.733 3 to 0.987 2. Among 1 431 similarity coefficient of pairwise accessions, 11.1% of the similarity coefficient was less than 0.90, 55.6% of the similarity coefficient was more than 0.95. (2) The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.04 to 0.68 with an average of 0.33. (3) A geneticdistancebased UPGMA cluster analysis revealed that all the accessions could be divided into five groups at cutoff value of 0.877 in the genetic similarity coefficient. Group I included 44 accessions, Group Ⅲ included 7 accessions, and each of the remained three groups included one accession, respectively. (4) A modelbased clustering method (implemented by the program STRUCTURE) showed that all the accessions originated from four clusters. This study indicated that the cotton population, which was comprised of diseaseresistance accessions developed in Shaanxi and their descendants, was characterized by high genetic similarity coefficient, narrow genetic base (genomic ancestry) and poor genetic diversity.

Abstract:Two truffles were taken as experimental materials which were from Helan mountain area in Inner Mongolia, and they were identified basing on the morphological and molecular methods. In the process of experiment, the DNA sequences were blasted using the GenBank, and phylogenetic trees were constructed by using Mega5.1 software. The results show that two strains of ascoma are hypogeous. Thereinto, ordera is sallow, subsphaeroidal, to irregular shape, and with microvilli on surface. And tuberb is yellowishbrown, uniform texture, with a wart on surface, and there is a special aroma of dried fruit. Through the analysis of molecular biological methods, ordera was identified as a species of Tuber genus, tuberb is Tuber brumale, and the tuberb is identified as a new record species in Inner Mongolia.

Abstract:The ultracytochemical localization of ATPase during the rapid height growth stage in Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ culms was studied with cytochemical technology. The development of internode elongation can be divided into four stages: meristematic stage, initial elongation stage, rapid elongation stage and maturity stage. The results showed that the plasma membrane, karyotheca, organelle membrane system all had high ATPase activity at the meristematic stage. During the initial elongation stage, the plasma membrane of the ground tissue had high ATPase activity in the upper part of the internode, while the short parenchyma cells had higher ATPase activity. There is no ATPase deposition in any cells of the basic part of internode. During the rapid elongation stage, ATPase activity of ground tissue in the basic part of internode was higher than that in the upper part, where the plasma membrane, transport vesicle, intercellular space and plasmodesma all had ATPase activity. Only the plasma membrane of ground tissue in the upper part of internode had low ATPase activity during the maturity stage. During the elongation growth of internode, ATPase was mainly related with synthesis and transport of new cell wall materials, while ATPase around the crystals and starch grains outer membrane played a role in storing materials. At the basic part of internode which had no diaphragm, ATPase activity was not observed, while phloem ganglion had high ATPase activity in the node. The changes of the structure related to mass transport between internode and node were caused by the loss of diaphragm, furthermore influenced internode elongation.

Abstract:The ultrastructure and the dynamic expression of the centrin and tubulin during spermatogenesis of the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides were observed using the TEM technology and immunofluorescence technology. The present investigation shows that: (1) there are abundant radial microtubules around the early blepharoplast. The function of the radial microtubules may be used to converge mitochondria to the blepharoplast. (2) Immunofluorescence observations show that centrin is only located in the blepharoplast, basal bodies and flagellar band. The fluorescence labeling of centrin becomes brighter from the blepharoplast stage to the basal body stage. Then the fluorescence labeling of centrin becomes weak gradually with the formation of flagella and almost disappears at the spermatozoid stage. (3) The early fluorescence labeling of tubulin, showing the same form as the centrin labelling, is located in the blepharoplast, basal bodies, flagellar band. Then the fluorescence labeling of tubulin becomes more and more stronger as the flagella form in the spermatids. Based on the expression features of centrin and tubulin, it can be inferred that centrin is one of the organizer of the motile apparatuses, but not to be the components of the motile apparatuses. The main function of centrin may take part in formation of the centrioles, basal bodies and flagella of the spermatids.

Abstract:The perforation plates of vessel elements in secondary xylem of Liriodendron which include 2 species were observed in detail by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and many details were observed that were not reported by light microscope. Reticulatescalariform perforation plates exist in Liriodendron, and the simple perforation plate, epledroidforation and pit membrane remnants were observed in L. tulipifera. The results showed: (1) for Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg., the perforation plates are typically scalariform with a few bars and reticulatescalariform perforation plates, but occasionally are reticulate perforation plate; (2) for Liriodendron tulipifera, the perforation plates are scalariform perforation plates and reticulatescalariform perforation plates, but occasionally are simple perforation plates; (3) part of scalariform perforation plates in L. tulipifera with wider and more bars; (4) perforation plates with a few bars are more in L. chinense than in L. tulipifera; (5) the perforated plates in L. tulipifera are more inclined than in L. chinense; (6) epledroidforation and pit membrane remnants were observed in L. tulipifera. The conclusion is that the perforation differentiation of L. tulipifera is more violent.

Abstract:This paper optimized the fixing procedure of the routine paraffin section technology and observed the process of adventitious rooting development of three culture rooting seedlings of Eucalyptus clones ‘DH3229’, ‘GL9’ and ‘XF35’. The results showed that: (1) FAA fixing solution was better with clear staining and tissue integrity root slice on Eucalyptus. (2) Adventitious roots of ‘DH3229’ and ‘GL9’ originated after 8 days being induced and belongs to cortices rooting type. Adventitious roots of ‘XF35’ originated after 12 days being inducted and belongs to callus rooting type. Activedivision cells are in root tip and root foundation of ‘GL9’ adventitious root. Activedivision cells are only in root tip of ‘DH3229’ adventitious root. Activedivision cells are only in root foundation of ‘XF35’ adventitious root.

Abstract:^Rhododendron L. is a large genus of Ericaceae and widely distributed in Eurasia and North America. The infrageneric classification of ^Rhododendron is acontroversial issue due to a large number of variations andtransitional characters. Micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis from 11 species and 3 varieties of subsect. ^Maculifera, subgen. ^Hymenanthes were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows the following characters: the adaxial lepidermis surface is smooth or rough, no foliar trichomes, ornamentations include strips, branching and short rod shapes; the abaxial epidemis surface has branching waxy ornamentation or not, some have foliar trichomes, without fingers of protuberance or eglandular. The stomatal apparatus are round or oval, with rough or smooth inside and outside the stoma, but without interrupted strip or other abnormal ornamentation around. The above micromorphological characters show certain similarities and differentia, which could provide new evidence for classification and evolution researches. Based on micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis, keys are generated, and then the taxonomic use of these characters in affinitive species and infraspecies are also discussed.

Abstract:The micromorphology of glumes for 20 species and 2 varieties belonging to Aniselytron and its related genera of Poaceae was examined by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that: (1) the glumes of Aniselytron and its related genera were characterized by long tubular or short tubular intercostal long cells with markedly sinuous walls. Intercostal cork cells distributed solitary with the shape of subrotund and intercostal silica bodies were absent. The shapes of silica cells in costal zones were subrotund. Parallelsides to low dome shaped subsidiary cells were found. Prickles were frequently occurred in both costal zones and intercostal zones. Hookhairs and papillaes could be seen while no microhairs and macrohairs were found. (2) A phylogenetic tree was constructed according to the characters of glumes micromorphology. Aniselytron and Poeae clustered together, which indicated that they have a close relationship and distantly related to Calamagrostis and Deyeuxia. (3) According to the micromorphology of the glumes, we draw the conclusion that Aniselytron should not as a member of Calamagrostis s. l. and should as an independent genus be placed in Poeae.

Abstract:Under the early filtered total nitrogen 5 mmol/L, ammonium: nitrate (10∶90) and moderate low light level, hydroponic mini Chinese cabbage seedlings was employed to study NO donor, inhibitor(LNAME，NaN₃) and scavenger(Hb) conducted for 8 days. The morphological parameters and photosynthesis fluorescent parameters of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings were measured. To probe exogenous NO involved in the ammonium and nitrate regulation of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings growth under low light intensity stress. The results indicated that: (1) plants supplied with SNP compared with CK increased chlorophyll content，but had no significant difference in fresh weight of shoot and root，total leaf area, the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. (2) When the NO scavenger (Hb) and inhibitor(LNAME, NaN₃) were added into the ammonium nitrate solution, the shoot and root of fresh weight, total leaf areas, net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ(F_v/F_m), electron transport rate(ETR) of plants decreased in different levels. Compared with CK, total leaf area decreased 15%, 24% and 40%, Pn declined 31.2%, 35.8% and 56.7%. Taken all together, NO scavenger and inhibit can obviously eliminate the promotion effect of moderate ammonium: nitrate in mini Chinese cabbages seedling growth under low light intensity. Moreover, exogenous NO has the same function with moderate ammonium: nitrate, which can promote the growth of mini Chinese cabbage seedling under low light intensity stress. Therefore, NO involved in the moderate ammonium: nitrate(10: 90) promotion of photosynthetic characteristics of mini Chinese cabbages seedlings under low light intensity stress.

Abstract:The growth，photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of oil peony were measured under 100% of full light (L0), 50% of full light (L1), 25% of full light (L2) and 15% of full light (L3), respectively. The results showed that: (1) the number of flowers, leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and stomatal density of L0 treatment were significantly higher than that of L2 and L3, but there was no significant difference with L1 treatment; With the increase of shading levels, the number of seed, stomatal area percentage decreased gradually and there was significant difference among treatments; (2) the photosynthetic rate (P_max), light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) decreased with the increase of shading; P_max and LSP of L0 treatment were significantly higher than that of L2 and L3, but there was no significant difference with L1 treatment; (3) the maximum quantum efficiency of photosynthetic system Ⅱ (F_v/F_m) of L3 treatment was 0.76, which was significantly lower than that of other treatments; With the increase of induction time by actinic light, the induction time by actinic light (F_v′/F_m′) decreased gradually and tended to be stable; the PSⅡ quantum yield efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP) and non photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased gradually and tended to be stable. The order of F_v′/F_m′ and Φ_PSⅡ after stable was L0>L1>L2>L3, while NPQ was L3>L2>L1>L0, and there was no significant difference in qP among treatments. It is indicated that over shading (15%-25% of full light) severely inhibited the net photosynthetic rate of oil peony, and the number of flowers and seeds which directly related to the yield was also significantly decreased, resulting in a serious reduction in production. Therefore, 50%-100% of full light may be more suitable for the growth of oil peony in Kunming area, Yunnan.

Abstract:To study the effect of amino acid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application for day matter accumulation, seed yield and quality of oil flax, without fertilizer as contrast under field conditions，we analyzed the single application of fertilizer, the proportion of different formula of amino acid organic manure and chemical fertilizers application and single application of amino acid organic fertilizer formula for flax. The results showed: (1) amino acid organic fertilizer had obvious effect for germination rate, and with the amino acid organic fertilizer increased the germination rate increased. (2) Amino acid organic fertilizer promoted the dry matter accumulation process and increased the total amount of dry matter accumulation of flax. In mature stage,30% organic fertilizer + 70% chemical fertilizer compared with no fertilizer, 100% chemical fertilizer and 100% organic fertilizer the total dry matter were significantly increased by 60.52%, 37.01% and 29.97%, respectively. Considering 30% organic fertilizer + 70% chemical fertilizer is the best effect, compared with no fertilization, 100% chemical fertilizer and 100% organic fertilizer, the yield increased by 72.07%, 16.47%, 13.30%, respectively. (3) In the case of 30% organic fertilizer + 70% chemical fertilizer alternative fertilizer, flax dry matter, seed yield and linolenic acid content is the highest, and 60% organic fertilizer + 40% chemical fertilizer alternative fertilizer, flax linoleic acid content is the highest.Considering the 30% organic fertilizer + 70% chemical fertilizer effect on local flax production of the best.

Abstract:To explore the relationship between lipid biosynthesis and relevant gene expression in sea buckthorn seeds, we harvested the developing seeds of the line ‘Xin’e 3’ with high oil content and the line ‘Suiji 1’ with low oil content as experimental materials on June 25, July 6, 17, 28, August 8 and 19. These two lines had closed genetic relationship. The oil content in seeds was determined by the method of chloroform methanol, and the expression profiles of GPD1, DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were tested using realtime quantitative PCR. The results showed that: (1) the oil content in the seeds of ‘Xin’e 3’ was higher than that in ‘Suiji 1’ except for July 17. The rapid accumulations of seed lipid of these two lines were during July 6 to 28, and the increasing rates in ‘Xin’e 3’ were higher than that in ‘Suiji 1’; (2) the high expression of GPD1 gene occurred in the period of rapid lipid accumulation, which may speed up lipid biosynthesis in ‘Xin’e 3’ seeds through promoting the biosynthesis of glycerol3phosphate. The expression levels of DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes in line ‘Xin’e 3’ were higher than that in line ‘Suiji 1’ during lipid accumulation. Thus, GPD1, DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes may be associated with the high accumulation of lipid in ‘Xin’e 3’ seeds. These results provided scientific bases for validating the function of genes encoding for ratelimiting enzymes involved in sea buckthorn lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.

Abstract:Polysaccharides were extracted from Hengshan Astragalus and Lycium barbarum by ultrasonic method, and then antioxidative activities of Hengshan Astragalus polysaccharides, L. barbarum polysaccharides and the compound polysaccharides of them were accessed in this study. The results showed that: (1)The total antioxidant capacity ［TAOC =(0.67±0.12) U/mg］ and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity (EC₅₀ = 2.34 mg/mL) of Hengshan Astragalus polysaccharides were both higher than those of L. barbarum polysaccharides ［TAOC =(0.52±0.07) U/mg, EC₅₀ = 4.28 mg/mL］, while hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (EC₅₀ = 1.36 mg/mL) was lower than that of L. barbarum polysaccharides (EC₅₀ = 0.98 mg/mL). (2) TAOC, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of the compound polysaccharides were significantly higher than those of any single polysaccharide. (3) Both any single polysaccharide and compound polysaccharides exhibited a dosedependent effect. In conclusion, Hengshan Astragalus polysaccharides show remarkably high antioxidative activities, and are natural antioxidants with development potential. Besides, the compound polysaccharides of polysaccharides from Hengshan Astragalus and L. barbarum (1∶1) enhance the antioxidative effects. Thus, this study may offer reference for further exploration of Hengshan Astragalus polysaccharides and natural antioxidants.

Abstract:Difference at microhabitats in forest ecosystems may affect seed germination and seedling establishment, lead to various species distribution patterns. In order to explore effects of habitat heterogeneity on plant distribution pattern, we dispersed seeds of Baccaurea ramiflora and Saprosma ternata at five microhabitats which have difference in elevation and topography, in a Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest. The dynamics of seed germination and seedling survival were monitored. The corresponding land surface (3 cm above the ground) temperature, air humidity (3 cm above the ground) and topsoil (5 cm deep) water content at microhabitat were also recorded. Meanwhile, seed desiccation under ambient regime and germination under water stress were performed. It was found: (1) at five microhabitats, soil water content at valley bottom kept the highest all the year round; Air relative humidity was saturated on rainy season and fogy season. Only on dry season there is obvious difference, namely with the increase of altitude, the air humidity dropped; Mountain temperature inversion which last one or two months occured on dry season. (2) In addition, B. ramiflora and S. ternata seeds had different dispersal and germination pattern. S. ternata seed had significant difference in seed germination and seedling survival at different habitats. B. ramiflora had seed dispersed and quickly germinated on rainy season, and its seed had the ability to germinate under relatively lower water potential, so it spent dry season by seedling; While S. ternata dispersed seed in the end of rainy season, which was dormant and relatively desiccation resistant, it pass spent through dry season by seed. In conclusion, topographical condition is a critical factor to effect microhabitats heterogeneity in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest, and the difference in temperature and water regime among these five microhabitats is most obvious on dry season, which had important effect on seed germination and seedling survival of B. ramiflora and S. ternata.On the other hand, B. ramiflora and S. ternata seeds have different strategy to cope with drought in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest because of their seed traits.

Abstract:In order to further understand the genetic diversity and genetic divergence of controlpollinated progenies of Larix gmelinii var. principisrupprechtii, we utilized 18 pairs of SSR primers in 257 samples from 7 families. (1) A total of 72 alleles were detected with a mean of 4 alleles per primer and effective number of alleles of each SSR marker ranged from 1.247-3.411. (2) The number of effective alleles was equally 2.135 in each family. The observed heterozygosity (H_o), expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon information index (I) were 0.518, 0.502 and 0.846, respectively. Among the 7 families, the family of 55 had the richest genetic diversity, while the family of 56 had the lowest one. (3) Gene differentiation coefficient was 0.113, illustrating the intermediatelevel of genetic differentiation. The result of AMOVA showed that 82% of genetic variation was within the populations (families), while the remaining 18% was among populations (families). (4) 49 family was far from others in the clustering analysis; 55 family was the nearest to 59 family so that they had the closest relationship. (5) According to the results of the genetic diversity and genetic divergence, the core of families and individuals were estimated. The 5 families selected was accounting for 96% of genetic diversity. In addition, 15-20 individuals can be selected in a family with less number of individuals, 35 individuals can be selected when a family had more individuals. The result of this study has important theoretical and practical significance in elected populations for breeding and protected genetic diversity in seed orchard of Larix gmelinii var. principisrupprechtii.

Abstract:Fagus hayatae is an economic, class Ⅱ protected endemic species of China. Micangshan Nature Reserve is the largest distribution area of F. hayatae found presently in inland of China. To test whether soil chemical properties can be as a predictor of F. hayatae population growth, we investigated 18 samples (20 m× 30 m per sample) of F. hayatae population and their soil properties though field investigation, ordinary kriging interpolation and correlation analysis in Micangshan Nature Reserve, Sichuan. (1) The distributions of F. hayatae were scattered on 1 550 ~ 1 900 m altitude and a certain slope in the mountain near the upper of stream, but without distribution in lower river valley. (2) Total individual number and population density of F. hayatae were negatively correlative with the contents of soil organic matter, total N and cation exchange capacity, while its average height and diameter at breast height and basal coverage of F. hayatae were positively correlative with soil available Cu content. (3) The suitable soil properties of pH, organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable K and Na, cation exchange capacity, available Cu and Mg for the F. hayatae were 4.4-5.1, 53.17-102.00 g·kg^-1, 1.68-2.50 g·kg^-1, 2.95-4.81 mg·kg^-1, 0.19-0.37 cmol (+)·kg^-1, 0.11-0.30 cmol (+)·kg^-1, 24.75-34.79 cmol (+)·kg^-1, 0.61-1.08 mg·kg^-1 and 31.00-79.50 mg·kg^-1, respectively. These results indicated that the soil chemical properties could be a predictor of growth for F. hayatae population.

Abstract:A field experiment was conducted to understand the response of growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) content of subalpine meadow plants to climate warming, nitrogen addition and human disturbance. We used opentop chamber (OTC) to simulate warming with nitrogen fertilization and weeding treatments, to analyze the growth and nonstructural carbohydrates content of subalpine meadow plants in Balang Mountain, east of Qionglai Mountains in southeast margin of Tibetan Plateau (the transitional zone from Sichuan Basin to Tibetan Plateau) The results showed that: (1) the soil total phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of all treatments have shown nonsignificant difference towards the control. Soil total nitrogen (N) content of warming+fertilization treatment has shown nonsignificant difference towards the control, while obviously decline of soil total nitrogen was shown in warming, fertilization, weeding, warming + weeding, fertilization + weeding, and warming + fertilization + weeding treatments. (2) Warming promoted the growth of functional group of grasses and forbs but inhibited the growth of functional group of sedges. Warming enhanced the importance value of functional group of grasses but reduced the importance value of functional group of forbs. And the effect of warming on functional group of sedges’ importance value was influenced by fertilization and weeding. Fertilization promoted the height growth of functional group of grasses and forbs, and promoted the growth of sedges. Weeding promoted the growth of functional group of sedges but weeding inhibited the growth of functional group of grasses and forbs. The interaction of fertilization and weeding was beneficial to functional group of grasses. Both fertilization and weeding enhanced functional group of sedges’ importance value but reduced functional group of grasses’ importance value. (3) Content and distribution of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) of different species responded differently to the treatments. The nonstructural carbohydrates content in Geranium strictipes showed significant correlation with species coverage, and nonstructural carbohydrates content in Polygonum viviparum showed significant correlation with species height. The result indicates that both climate warming and nitrogen addition promote the growth of functional group of grasses and sedges, and cause the plants NSC changing to defend the environmental stresses.

Abstract:Researches were carried out in an age sequence of Pinus tabuliformis natural secondary forest through field surveys on the spots in the Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve. The community characteristic information was studied using quadrat investigation, and by analysing the floristic feature, the physiognomy characteristics, and the population structure of dominant species of P. tabuliformis natural forest. The study was proposed to provide theoretical basis for the protection and management of natural P. tabuliformis forest. Results showed that: (1) the floristics was abundant in P. tabuliformis natural forest community in the Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve, which was composed of 144 species wild seed plants belonging to 90 genera and 41 families. The appearance of community showed obvious temperate coniferous forest, which characterized by hemicryptophyte plants（60.27%） with mesophyll leaf（82.19%）. Northtemperate element were plentiful, indicating that the community was closely related to the temperate zone. (2) Outstanding dominant species in the community was P. tabuliformis which formed pure forest of different ages. Smalldiameter（Ⅰ—Ⅲ） trees were more frequent（75%） than other diameter classes in young forest. The ratio of bigdiameter trees increased with the growth of P. tabuliformis, and the diameter classes had normal distributions in mature forest. Distribution of height classes and canopy classes in each age group were similar as diameter classes. (3) Seedlings in each age group were abundant, especially in mature forest, accounted for 90%, which reflected that potential regeneration ability in the community was strong, while saplings was small, meaning community regenerative condition was not so well.

Abstract:50 samples were collected in July 2015 from the Altay Two RiverSource Nature Reserve wetland in Xinjiang，China.Through identity，11 taxa from desmids were newly recorded in Xinjiang which belonged to 5 genera.They were Closterium striolatum var.subtruncatum（West & West）Krieger， Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii（Brébisson）De Bary，Euastrum oblongum（Greville）Ralfs， Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs，Micrasterias papillifera Brébisson ex Ralfs，Micrasterias thomasiana Archer，Cosmarium bioculatum var.hians West & West，Cosmarium conspersum var.latum（Brébisson）West & West，Cosmarium moniliforme Ralfs，Cosmarium regnellii Wille and Cosmarium regnellii var.dilatatum（Messikommer）Krieger & Gerloff.These new records would enrich study data of desmids in Xinjiang.

Abstract:A new forma of Taxus, T.chinensis (Pilger) Rehd f. baokangsis Y.J.Fei that grown in Hubei Province, China, was reported in this study. There are difference between this new forma of Taxus and the T.chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu. The new forma of Taxus has some branches of the male plants become female or staminate strobilus and female cone in the same fruit branch. That means it is monoecism. Holotype was deposited in the herbarium of the Wuhan Botanical Garden (Number Y.J.Fei001，HIB), China.

Abstract:During our research on the lecideoid taxa of lichens in China, the genus Farnoldia and the species Farnoldia micropsis are reported as new to China. The detailed taxonomic descriptions with photos are provided for them.