Abstract:Based on the RNAseq data of Pb²⁺induced tartary buckwheat leaves, we cloned a phytochelatin synthase gene (FtPCS) from Fagopyrum tataricum using the RTPCR method. The FtPCS gene was subcloned into pET28a(+) using Infusion technology, which was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Star(DE3). Being applied with Pb²⁺, the catalytic activity of the purified FtPCS protein was detected by reverseHPLC involving DTNB (5,5′dithiobis2nitrobenzoic acid) postcolumn derivatization method. The results indicated that the full length of genomic sequence of FtPCS was 5 456 bp, containing 8 exons and 7 introns; the CDs sequence of FtPCS was 1 485 bp in length, which encoded a 55.10 kDa protein consisted of 494 amino acids. The FtPCS was highly expressed in E.coli in the form of inclusion body, which was refolded by dialysis and purified by Co²⁺ chelation chromatography. The purified FtPCS recombinant proteins still kept the biological activity for transforming GSH to PC compounds, and the low concentration of Pb²⁺ could remarkably increase its catalytic activity.

Abstract:Taking the leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata as cDNA template, we amplified amyrin synthase gene by the method of RTPCR to study the triterpenoid biosynthesis. It was named AgAS. The results demonstrated that the AgAS gene was 2250 bp in length and coded 750 amino acids, showing a closest relationship of homologous protein with Vitis vinifera L.. When fused to green fluorescent protein(GFP), AgAS gene mainly localized to the nucleus and cell membrane. The results of Southern blot showed that there were two copies of AgAS in the genome of A. grossedentata. The expression of AgAS in different tissues and organs of two species of A. grossedentata was detected by the method of qRTPCR. The results indicated that the AgAS gene expressed in leaves, stems and roots as for purple bud A. grossedentata. Specially, the expression of leaves ranked the first, followed by stems and the roots had the lowest expression. With the maturity of leaves, the expression increased at first but then showed a decreasing trend. Whereas for the green bud A. grossedentata, the expression of AgAS gene showed an increasing trend with the maturity of leaves, and the expression was relatively low in roots and stems.

Abstract:WRKY transcription factors play an important adjusting role in the process of plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction and abiotic stress response. To clarify the gene Narcissus tazetea var. ‘Yunxiang’, we cloned the NtWRKYY1 gene (GenBank accession No. KX056495) based on ‘Yunxiang’, analyzed the gene sequence features, evolutionary relationship and expression characteristics, constructed the expression vector before transformed into tobacco. Sequence analysis revealed that the length of NtWRKYY1 gene open reading frame (ORF) is 510 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 169 amino acids. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis showed that NtWRKYY1 protein containing one WRKY consecutive structural domain and C₂H₂ type zinc finger（Cx₄Cx₂₃HxH）belong to Ⅱc subgroup of WRKY transcription factor together with Arabidopsis AtWRKY57. Tissuespecific expression and temporal and spatial expression showed that NtWRKYY1 in ‘Yunxiang’ had a much higher expression in flowers than that in roots and leaves, and a rising express trend in petal and corona of alabastrum stage, early flowering stage, full bloom stage and faded stage. NtWRKYY1 can be induced by abscisic acid (ABA), high temperature, drought and saline, and restrained by methyl jasmonate (JA) through hormones and abiotic stresses analyzing. We can concluded that NtWRKYY1 gene may play a regulating role during the flower senescence process in ‘Yunxiang’, involve in the hormone signal transduction of ABA, JA and the abiotic stress regulation of high temperature, drought and saline at the same time. In addition, we constructed overexpressing vector pMDC140NtWRKYY1 using InFusion cloning technique, transformed into tobacco by the method of Agrobacterium though leaf disc transformation. The carrier of PCR and GUS staining results indicated the resistant plantlets were positive. This study will make a good foundation for further exploring the function of the WRKY transcription factor in ‘Yunxiang’.

Abstract:The AtEIN3 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana was used as probe and its high homology sequences which were screened from TM1 of cotton data base were analyzed in this study. 16 sequences with EIN3 domain were obtained through local Blast alignment of Cottongen to determine the intron and exon, phylogenetic relationship, sequence similarity and conserved motif distribution. The Blast results showed that the cottons EIN3/EIL and the A. thalianas had high similarity at the Nterminal, and 15 of them contained 5 motifs, 1 including 4 motifs. A EIN3/EIL gene was cloned from the roots of ‘zhongmiansuo 12’ which was Fusarium Wilt Resistance cotton cultivar by RTPCR method, named GhEIL3（GenBank accession number KY072936）according to its relationship with the evolution of A. thaliana. Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of GhEIL3 was 1 092 bp, encoding 363 amino acids and had a conserved EIN3 domain. Realtime Quantitative PCR (qRTPCR) showed that the relative expression of GhEIL3 after the treatment of Fusarium oxysporum (Fov.) was significantly higher than the control group and reached its maximum after induction for 1 h. The results demonstrated that GhEIL3 may participate in the defensive reaction of the Fov. in cotton.

Abstract:MS2 gene encodes fatty acyl reductase which involves in the fat metabolism of anther tapetum. In this study, with Ningxia wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) variety ‘Ningqi No.1’ as material, we obtained LbMS2 gene with RACE(rapidamplification of cDNA ends) method. The results indicated that: LbMS2 had an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 782 bp, which encoded a protein of 593 amino acid residues, and its isoelectric point was 8.98；Bioinformation analysis indicated that LbMS2 protein was located in the chloroplast；LbMS2 protein sequence showed the highest homology identity with MS2 protein from Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum；Realtime PCR analysis indicated that LbMS2 gene was expressed in high transcript level in tetrad stage and single nucleus pollen stage of anther development. LbMS2 gene takes part in the flower development in wolfberry.

Abstract:DREB transcription factor belongs to the family of AP2/ERF transcription factors, which can specifically bind to DRE/CRT cisacting elements, regulate the expression of stress response genes and play an important role in stress response to low temperature, drought and high salt stress. The members of DREB transcription factor family were identified by bioinformatics analysis, and the conserved domain of DREB transcription factor family was analyzed by using the whole genome data of apple, and the function and expression of DREB transcription factor family were analyzed. The results showed that 60 members of DREB transcription factor family were identified from the whole genome of apple, which was consistent with that of Arabidopsis and rice. The phylogenetic analysis of Arabidopsis DREB gene could be further subdivided into 6 Subgroups; Domains and conserved elements analysis showed that the DREB gene family contained an AP2 conserved domain, chromosomal loci indicated that the DREB gene of apple was distributed on 11 chromosomes, and some genes had tandem duplication. Analysis of the gene structure showed that the subfamily gene did not contain introns. The analysis of RNASeq data of Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the DREB transcription factor family regulates abiotic stress such as low temperature and ABA regulation, and each subgroup in the DREB subfamily responds to different abiotic stresses. The expression of DREB gene in different tissues was analyzed. The results showed that the expression of DREB gene was the strongest in plant root, followed by leaf.

Abstract:In the present study, two samples (abaxial leaves with and without penniform fiber)’s cDNA were sequenced based on Illumina HiSeq2500 to analyze the fiber development mechanism. The results indicated that 108 694 unigenes were obtained. Then, 1 605 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were selected. 830 DEGs were divided into 39 GO terms, 512 DEGs were assigned to 25 categories with COG database. Function annotation against KEGG database obtained 315 DEGs. 10 significantly reliable enrichment pathways were selected by enrichment analysis of 79 KEGG pathways. DEGs in “amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism” which control cellulose biosynthesis, DEGs in “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” which control lignin biosynthesis and DEGs in “plant hormone signal transduction” which control auxins signal transduction were downregulated. While those in “plant hormone signal transduction” which control cytokinin and abscisic acid signal transduction were upregulated. These results greatly enriched genetic information of G. delavayi and provided basic data for function verification and genetic improvement of fiber traits in the future.

Abstract:Combining a DH（Double Haploid）lines（348 lines）in Brassica napus and constructed genetic linkage group，we detected and analyzed QTL for thousandseed weight (TSW) by composite interval mapping model in 2009-2013 in Dali of Shaanxi Province. A total of 46 significant identified QTLs for TSW were obtained and mainly located on A7, C1 and C6 chromosomes, etc. The maximum of phenotypic variation was qTSW09DL111 which reached to 19.63%, and the minimum of phenotypic variation was qTSW11DL9 which only explained 2.73%. The identified QTLs were integrated into consensus QTLs by metaanalysis and cqTSWC12 reached to 10.64% of phenotypic variation. Some consensus QTLs were repeatedly detected, cqTSWC13, for example, was repeatedly detected in five consecutive years, indicating QTLs for TSW were expressed stably in different environments. Meanwhile, the major QTL cqTSWC12 was regarded as a new QTL on C1 chromosome. The genomic information of these QTLs will be conducive for the construction of near isogenic line, fining mapping and Mapbased cloning. The results provide an important theoretical guidance for molecular breeding and developing high seed yield varieties in Brassica napus.

Abstract:The epidermal morphology of eight species of Chamaesium was observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that: (1) the epidermal cells of eight Chamaesium species are irregular or regular polygon, with sinuolate and nearly straight anticlinal cells. The length to width ratio of upper epidermis cells was between 1.5 - 2.5. These were no stomatal in upper epidermis of three species, C. wolffianum, C. mallaeanum and C. viridiflorum. Stomatal density of other species was between 20 - 74/mm², and stomatal index was 6.0% - 17.7%. In the lower epidermis, all eight species have plenty of stomata, the stomatal density was 100 - 183/mm², stomatal index was between 16.1% - 23.6%. (2) C. paradoxum, C. novemjugum and C. spatuliferum were clustered in the first group, C. delavayi was formed the second group, C. wolffianum, C. mallaeanum and C. viridiflorum belonged to the third group, while C. thalictrifolium formed an individual group by cluster analysis, which is almost accordance with the characteristics of leaf epidermis. (3) Characteristics of leaf epidermis play important roles in taxonomy of Chamaesium.

Abstract:In order to clarify the difference of waxy crystal structures and waxy components in different organs of wheat, we selected the flag leaf, leaf sheath, peduncle, anthers and glumes of wheat from the wheat cultivar CP98 (11) during the flowering stage as material. The wax composition of each organ was identified by gas chromatography, and the waxy crystal structure was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that 30 compounds were identified as the wax components of different organs of wheat, mainly primary alcohols, diketones, alkanes, fatty aldehydes, fatty acids and esters. The highest content of diketones was detected in sheath, peduncle and glume, it was 78.96%, 67.03% and 68.6% of total wax, respectively. In anther, the content of alkanes was the highest by 75.82%. The content of the primary alcohols was 45.91%, followed by 33.19% of alkanes in flag leaf. Based on the observation of scanning electron microscope, the wax crystal structure on adaxial surface of flag leaf blade was platelet shaped structure, abaxial surface of flag leaf blade and glume surface were covered with platelets and tubules, waveshaped wax structure was observed on anther surface. Similar tubuleshaped crystals were found on leaf sheaths and peduncles.

Abstract:This paper is to study the regulation of accumulation of phenolics compound and the dynamic change law of related enzyme activities in different parts of shoots during development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. We analyzed the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and the activities of related enzymes (phenylalanine ammonialyase polyphenol oxidase) in shoot tips, stems and leaves during the shoots’ growth and development of X. sorbifolia by using shoots. The results showed that: (1) the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins presented a rising tendency with seasons in development of X. sorbifolia shoots; the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin were showing the following tendency: leaf>stem tip>stem. (2) The PAL activity of the development of X. sorbifolia new shoots is: young stem segments and corresponding leaves> the semilignified stem segments and corresponding leaves> the lignified stems and corresponding leaves. The PPO activity of leaves was significantly higher than that of stem segments, and the PPO activity of stem apex was the lowest. Leaves of X. sorbifolia had a strong antioxidant capacity; the highest scavenging rate of DPPH· was 98.13%. (3) Before and after April 29^th, there was a significant difference in the rising trend of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins contents; PAL activity of all organs was the lowest and PPO activity was the highest; the DPPH· scavenging rate of stem segments with different degrees of lignification was reduced to the lowest; therefore, April 29^th was an important transitional growth stage of the shoot growth period. (4) Correlation analysis of X. sorbifolia new shoots revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins; there was also a significant positive correlation between the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and the scavenging capacities of DPPH·; there was also a positive correlation between the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and PPO activity; however, there was not a positive correlation between the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and PAL activity. The study suggests that the content of phenolics compound is the main factor affecting the vegetative propagation of X. sorbifolia; the lower the content of phenolics compound is, the higher the survival rate of cuttings, grafting and tissue culture. The content of phenolics compound such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins is the lowest at the early stage of shoot growth, but the content of phenolics compound such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins increase significantly with the growth of new shoots. The vegetative propagation of X. sorbifolia is most suitable in the initial stage of shoots growth which the best time is from April to midMay.

Abstract:Using ‘Qinguan’、‘Fuji’、‘Golden delicious’ as apple materials to analysis the changes of phenolic content and relevant enzyme activities of pulp by inoculation with Botrytis cinerea Pers. The results provide a physiological theoretical basis for apple gray mold resistance. The results indicated that: (1) the size of disease incidence and lesion diameter in three apple varieties after the inoculation were ‘Qinguan’ < ‘Fuji’ < ‘Golden delicious’ (P<0.05), so all varieties of grey mold disease resistance were ‘Qinguan’> ‘Fuji’ > ‘Golden delicious’. (2) The phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), poly phenol oxidase (PPO) activites in the pulp of resistant variety were higher than that in susceptible variety, and the contents of flavonoids and lignin were also higher significantly (P<0.05). Besides, the content of total phenolic compounds were ‘Qinguan’ < ‘Golden delicious’ < ‘Fuji’. In conclusion, resistant variety improved secondary metabolism by regulating phenolic metabolism to improve disease resistance in grey mold. The increasing content of flavonoids and lignin strengthened grey mold disease resistance of apple, but the total phenols content has little relation with the disease resistance.

Abstract:Growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of Fuzhou Yuhu were studied under red and blue LED light with different intensities and ratio with fluorescent lamp (CK) as a control in a closed lighting growth chamber within a plastic greenhouse in south China. Two different light qualities i.e., R∶B=7∶3 and R∶B=3∶7 with three different light intensities 50, 100, 120 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 were used in this study. The results showed that: (1) after 7 ~ 14 d treatment, chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased with the increasing number of days. However, the index of each pigment declined in the later stage. (2) Under the same light intensity, the soluble sugar content at higher red light proportion was obviously higher than that at higher blue light proportion. However, the protein content in the seeding leaf at higher blue light was significantly higher than that in seeding leaf at higher red light. (3) With the increase of light intensity, gourd height, leaf area and other growth indicators had improved significantly，while the content of MDA decreased significantly. Hence, red and blue light 7:3 with 120 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 could better promote the growth, biomass and internal physiological indicators of gourd.

Abstract:In order to study vine trees absorption and utilization of nutrition at different growing stages, we used 4yearold Muscat Hamburg as material set 1.5 times, 1.0 times and 0.5 times as compared concentrations Hoagland nutrient solution and studied the effects of different nutrient supply on mineral elements and water absorption in Muscat Hamburg. The results showed that: (1) the absorption of mineral elements increased with the growth of shoots and rise in the first stage and then decrease; the maximum absorption amount appeared in the period from the expansion to maturity of berry. In whole growing stage, the absorbing amount of Ca is the biggest and about 1.38 times of P, 4.55 times of Mg, 1.24 times of K, 1.13 times of N. N and K follow by while Mg and P with the least amount, the absorption ratio of N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg is 1.1∶0.9∶1∶1.25∶0.26. The absorbing amount of Fe and B are the biggest in microelements. (2) The absorption of every element shows: 0.5 times ＜1.0 times＜1.5 times and the growth of shoots and the quality of fruit is best under 1.0 times. (3) The annual elements absorption of single grapevine under 1.0 times are：N 44.294 g，P 3.456 g，K 37.743 g，Ca 47.728 g，Mg 10.801 g，Fe 210 mg，Mn 46.11 mg，B 79.13 mg，Zn 23.56 mg，Cu 17.104 mg and water 631.5 L.Determine the application amount of mineral elements according to the mineral elements absorption in different stages, during vegetative growth stage, to mainly apply N and Ca fertilizers, accompanying with Mg fertilizers; in reproductive period, to add K fertilizers as well as appropriate amount of trace elements to the nutrient solution.

Abstract:To explore whether there would be some geographical trends in plant physiological response to undergoing climate warming, we conducted, using spacefortime substitution, a transplant experiment for 1 yearold seedlings of five Quercus variabilis provenances (Pinggu, Beijing; Neixiang, Henan; Yongxiu, Jiangxi; Zigui; Hubei and Chengbu, Hunan) in the trial site (Heshan, Guangdong) which is more southern beyond these provenances natural edge. The results showed that: (1) the pooled nonstructural carbohydrates concentrations (NSCs) increased with increasing latitude (origins) and this trend was dominated by leaf NSCs, especially by leaf sugar concentrations. Leaf sugar and root starch increased, but root sugar decreased with the increase of latitude, and no obvious geographical trends were found in shoot NSCs. (2) The nitrogen concentration in various tissues, along with leaf P, increased with an increase of latitude, but inverse for the ratio of N to P. The nutrient use efficiency (NUE, expressed as C∶N and C∶P) in tissues all exhibited a weakly decreasing trend with latitude with an exception of leaf NUE. (3) The relative growth rate of Q.variabilis declined with increasing latitude, and negatively correlated with available carbon pool (referred to NSC) according to the results of partial analysis. To sum up, our results revealed that, to some extent, the strategy of growth and substance allocation for oak seedling among different origins was dominated by the genetic factors.

Abstract:Under the field condition, 10yearold cultivar of ‘Abubai’ peach was used to study the effects of injection fertilizing on soil environment and fruit quality of peach orchard, which could provide an important theoretical basis for high efficiency fertilization and increasing the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer. We set four treatments of radial ditch fertilizing with total amount of fertilizer(RNPK), radial ditch fertilizing with half amount of fertilizer(R_1/2NPK), injection fertilizing with total amount of fertilizer(I_NPK)and injection fertilizing with half amount of fertilizer(I_1/2NPK) to investigate effects of them on soil fertility, enzymes and microorganism in the depth of 0 to 60 cm and fruit quality of two years located experiment. The results showed that: (1) with the same amount of fertilizer, the contents of the total N and K were not significant in 0-40 cm soil layer during the fast growth stage of young fruit, but the content of available nutrient in the soil of injection fertilizing was significantly lower than that in the soil of radial ditch fertilizing.; The available N and K contents in soil under the treatment of I_NPK of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil were the highest in the final stage of the growth season, significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing and increased by 16.61% and 12.56% as well as 10.15% and 23.93%, respectively. Meanwhile, the soil organic matter content of 0-40 cm soil of the fertilization with injection were lower than the radial ditch fertilizing in the final stage of the growth season and some of them reached significant differences. It had little effect that different treatments on P. (2) The activities of soil invertase, catalase and urease of 0-60 cm soil and alkaline phosphatase of 0-20 cm soil under the treatments of injection fertilizing were significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing in the final stage of the growth season. The change law of soil microbial quantity was basically identical with soil enzyme activity of the same stage. (3) I_NPK treatment of single fruit weight and soluble solids contents of the peach were significantly higher than other fertilizer treatments, and, respectively, compared with the R_NPK treatment increased by 12.24% and 11.21%. The maximum individual yield could be up to 65.25 kg of the I_1/2NPK treatment which significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing treatment， but it didnt reach the 5% significance level with I_NPK. We concluded preliminarily that injection fertilizing has a positive impact on soil nutrient contents, soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity and fruit quality of peach orchard, and the I_NPK treatment was the best.

Abstract:In this study, we investigated the effects of GA₃ and temperature on seed rooting and explored the effects of root length, chilling treatment duration and GA₃ concentration on seed germination of Paeonia rockii from different provenances by using 10 kinds of P. rockii seeds as materials. The results showed that: (1) the suitable temperature for seed rooting was 15-20 ℃, the adaptability for primary provenance seed rooting to a certain temperature (25 ℃) decreased with the increasing latitude; The optimum GA₃ concentration for primary provenance seed rooting was 400-450 mg/L, whereas it was 300-350 mg/L for the secondary provenance seeds. (2) Interaction of root length, GA₃ concentration and chilling treatment had a significant effect on the start sprouting time, germination energy and germination rate, while GA₃ and chilling treatment promoted germination more effectively on rooted seeds with more than 4 cm long roots. (3) The optimum treatment combination for seed germination ranged from provenances, chilling for 20 days combined with 300 mg/L GA₃, chilling for 20 days combined with 200 mg/L GA₃ and chilling for 40 days with 300 mg/L GA₃ were the best for Hubei，Henan and Gansu provinces respectively.

Abstract:Whether plants can synthesise and stored abundant carbohydrate in the terrestrial environment in hydrofluctuation belt after water flooding have important influence on their longterm settlement, survival and spread of the plants living in hydrofluctuation belt. Cyperus rotundus is one of the few perennial herbs that able to adapt to the habitat of hydrofluctuation belt in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. In order to study the changes of C. rotundus photosynthetic physiology and its formation mechanism in the terrestrial environment, we regularly observed the photosynthetic physiology of C. rotundus which grow in the deep water (22-27 m), shallow water (2-7 m) and nonflooded zone in hydrofluctuation belt of Three Gorges Resevoir area after water flooded. The results as follows: (1) the net photosynthetic rates (P_n) of C. rotundus growth in deep water and shallow water were significantly higher than that in nonflooded area; (2) the P_n, stomatal conductance, apparent water use efficiency, apparent light use efficiency and apparent CO₂ use efficiency increased with the extension of C. rotundus living in terrestrial environment; (3) the light saturation point of C. rotundus which grow in shallow water was significantly rose, while the light compensation point was significantly decreased. Positive selfadjustment ability and the photosynthetic compensation mechanism of C. rotundus after water flooded stress are important reasons for its adaptation to hydrofluctuation belt in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Abstract:In this study, we selected the reed (Phragmites australis) of typical lakewetland in Yinchuan to explore the monthly change characteristics of the growth index of reed, established the prediction model of the relationship between reed biological characteristics and analyzed the main soil factors affecting the growth of reed in habitat, which provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of lakewetland and the effective management of reed wetland. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the growth rate of reed was fast in Yinchuan lakewetland from May to July (P＜0.05) and the growth rate slowed down from August to September(P＞0.05). The peak value of plant height, coverage and biomass appeared in August or September, and the biological indexes in October showed changes in the ups and downs (P＞0.05). (2) In Yinchuan lakewetland, the density of reed increased, the community environment changed, and the living space of individual plant was reduced, which inhibited the lateral growth of stem, and the density was negatively correlated with stem diameter (P＜0.01). Leaf area per plant increased, leaf area per plant also significantly increased along with the increase of biomass and plant biomass in aboveground biomass(P＜0.01). (3) The relationship between plant height and aboveground biomass can be expressed by the power function model or the exponential function model. The positive correlation between the plant height and the aboveground biomass in the early growth stage showed a positive correlation and then decreased with the growth rate. The aboveground biomass of JuneAugust stem diameter increased with the increase of aboveground biomass, and the stem lateral growth has played a role of physical support. Morphological and biomass indices were best fitted in the peak period(August or September), which were all power function models, which showed allometric relationship. (4)Soil total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil available nitrogen (AN), total salt, pH and available potassium (AK) were the characteristic factors affecting the growth of reed, and the effect of TN and SOC was the greatest on the growth of reed.

Abstract:Typical sampling method was conducted to select typical forest gaps of different size, each typical forest gap contained 3 repeats, and the Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings from different size gaps in artificial P. tabulaeformis plantation of Huanglong mountain in Shaanxi province were selected as the research objects. The research was aimed at surveying the effects of forest gap size on branch architecture, leaves characteristics and their vertical distribution, and exploring the adaptation and architecture of P. tabulaeformis seedlings to different size forest. The results showed significant differences in the aboveground architecture and growth of P. tabulaeformis seedlings in different size gaps. （1）Gap size was positively related to caliper, seedling height, crown length and crown area. （2）With the increase of forest gap size, the stepwise bifurcation and interval between branch, while the total bifurcation ratio was declined.（3） The gap size was contrary correlated with needle length and width, but with the increased with needle lengthwidth ratio, total needle area and average needle number. (4)The needles in CK were mostly distributed in below middle part of seedlings, whereas the seedlings in forest gap were mostly distributed in above middle part of seedlings. (5) With the increase of forest gap size, the needle number and relative total needle number of whorled branch in same year increased. In order to promote the regeneration of P. tabulaeformis seedlings, cultivate high quality wood, and improve the stand quality, we should adopted appropriate thinning techniques in the future.

Abstract:In order to understand characteristics of substrate quality variationat different litter decomposition stages in subalpine forest, the paper adopted the method ofspatial sequence instead of time successional sequence, three natural layers —Fresh litter layer (L), Fermentative layer (F) and Humus layer (H) were taken as to simulate the different stages of litter decomposition to study water soluble component(WSC), organic solvent soluble component(OSC), acidsoluble extractive(ASE), acidinsoluble residue(AIR) contents and Lignocellulose index (LCI) of four woody species litter, including spruce(Picea asperata), fir(Abies faxonian), birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.) and rhododendron(Rhododendron lapponicum). The result showed that for all the forest litter types, WSC, OSE and ASE contents reduced with the ongoing of decomposition, which leaching quickly at early decomposition stage and slowly in thelater decomposition stage, whereas AIR content and LCI showed a trend of rising with the ongoing of decomposition. For the four litter types, WSC content and OSC content of Pa, Af and Bp in L layer were significantly higher than that of F and H layers, the difference between F and H layers was not obvious. OSC content of Rl were reducing with the ongoing of decomposition process(L>F>H). Forest type had a significant effect on WSC, OSC and AIR contents, whereas it had not significant influence on ASE content and LCI. Generally speaking, WSC and OSC contents of hardwood species were higher than that of conifer species, especially at early decomposition stage, but AIR content of hardwood species was lower than that of conifer species. The result fully shows that the forest type and decomposition stages significantly affected the substrate quality in the litter decomposition process. However, the effects were different among components. These results provided a comprehensive understanding of the litter decomposition process and nutrient cycling in the subalpine forest.

Abstract:In order to explore the rejuvenation effect based on three levels which included the induction rate of multiple shoots and the rooting rate, morphological indexes and physiological indexes, we used Armeniaca sibirica as trial material and selected the tissue culture seedling of different positions, ages and subculture times. The results showed as follows: (1) the indexes of every rejuvenation effect showed the same variation rule in tissue culture seedling. When the sampling position of A. sibirica explants decreased which was from the crown of uppermiddlelower, the induction rate of multiple shoots and the rooting rate of tissue culture seedling were keeping rising in turn. The difference among positions was significant. The value of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root number and root length also increased along with the decline of the explant sampling position. Only the difference of root number and root length were significant between positions. But the SOD activity, POD activity and MDA content of leaves decreased gradually, and those in leaves of tissue culture seedling were always lower than that in seed tree leaves. (2) With the decreasing of seed tree age which was from 10a-4a-1a, the above indexes values of tissue culture seedling all raised in turn. The rooting rate, root number root length of tissue culture seedling and the induction rate of multiple shoots which was from 1a were higher significantly than the corresponding indexes of 10a and 4a. The values were 80%, 96.6%, 4.3 and 2.40 cm, respectively. (3) From primary culture to first and second subculture, the induction rate of multiple shoots, plant height, leaf length and leaf width of various tissue culture seedlings increased constantly with the increasing of subculture times and the second subculture had larger increasing. The SOD activity, MDA content and POD activity of leaves appeared downward trend in tissue culture seedling, but still behaved that the tissue culture seedling of second subculture had the better rejuvenation effect. In summary, with the moving down of explant sampling positions, the decreasing of sampling age in seed tree and the increasing of subculture times in tissue culture seedling, the induction rate of multiple shoots and the rooting rate, morphological indexes, physiological indexes of tissue culture seedling showed the consistent trends, and the rejuvenation effect of tissue culture was better.

Abstract:Through photomicrographic technique，the 50 samples collected from the Kanas Nature Reserve Xinjiang in July 2016 were identificated. The results showed that there were five taxa of desmids as new records in China，which belonged to 3 genera. They were Cosmarium cyclicum Lundell，Cosmarium subochthodes var.majus Schmidle，Euastrum verrucosum var. alpinum （HuberPestalozzi） Krieger， Micrasterias americana (Ehrenberg) Ralfs，and Micrasterias americana var.boldtii Gütwinski. In addition，the species identification character and circumstances were described in detail. These new records would enrich the study data of desmids in Xinjiang.

Abstract:Morphologically, Buxbaumia is an unique genus of the bryophytes. In this paper, a brief history of Buxbaumia, the research of the genus in China, and the discovery of the typical species B. aphylla Hedw. in China are presented. Meanwhile, the authors give the introduction of the habitat and community of B. aphylla in Xinjiang, and the morphological observation of its capsule, peristome teeth and spores by the scanning electronic microscope, as well as key to the species of the genus Buxbaumia in China and the systematic relationship of the genus are also briefly discussed.

Abstract:We investegated 133 diatom taxa (including 122 species, 11 varieties) from Lalu Wetland, of these taxa, 6 species were new record in China: Eunotia dorofeyukae LangeBertalot & E. Reichardt, Gomphonema calcifugumm LangeBertalot & E. Reichardt, Gomphonema campodunense E. Reichardt, Navicula trilatera Bahls, Cymbopleura similiformisKrammer, Cymbella langebertalotii Krammer. We analyzed the species composition of diatom, pointed out the advantages of genera and species, and analyzed environmental indicator of advantage of species.

Abstract:The article describes the research progress of genes related with important agronomic characters in pepper (Capsicum spp.), including pungency, color, disease resistance and male sterility. The classical approaches, and new technologies associated with nextgeneration sequencing for gene isolation and cloning are presented. Deficiencies and limitations of the present study are pointed out, and the prospect for future research in accompaniment with the completeness of the pepper genomic sequencing project is discussed.