Abstract:Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key and ratelimiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Due to the importance of these compounds, chalcone synthase gene of Caragana intermedia has been cloned and transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana and mutant tt4 and its function was analyzed. Expression of AtCHS gene in transgenic Arabidopsis was detected by qRTPCR. The total flavonoids and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, DPPH free radical scavenging ability of transgenic Arabidopsis were analyzed by spectrophotometric method. The content of naringin in transgenic Arabidopsis was detected by HPLC method. The results showed that: (1) the expression of AtCHS gene in transgenic Arabidopsis was approximately 1/10 of wild type. Total flavonoids experimental results showed that the total flavonoids content of the transgenic lines was significantly higher than that of wild type. The naringin content in transgenic plants which was higher than that of the wild type. Accumulation of MDA before and after UV treatment in transgenic plants was significantly less than that of wild type. (2) DPPH free radical scavenging ability of transgenic plants extraction was significantly higher than that of wild type. (3) The testa of transgenic plants which CiCHS gene was complementary to Arabidopsis mutant tt4 presented a light brown color. Taken together, these results indicated that the antioxidant activity of transgenic plants was enhanced with the expression of CiCHS gene.

Abstract:The ‘New Sea 21’ of Gossypium barbadense was used as the experimental material. A pair of primers were designed according to the GhTCP14 gene sequence of upland cotton. A nucleotide sequence was obtained by RTPCR. The open reading frame was 1 221 bp, encoding 406 amino acids, molecular formula C₁₈₉₂H₂₉₅₀N₅₇₂O₆₂₀S₁₆, the predicted molecular weight was 44.134 6 kD, the isoelectric point was 6.88, and the amino acid sequence contained one highly conserved TCP domain and four low abundance complex regions. The comparison of amino acid sequence of GbTCP14 protein with other species TCP14 showed that the GbTCP14 protein of G. barbadense had a highly conserved TCP domain with the TCP14 protein in other plants, and the consistency between the sequences is high. The results of phylogenetic tree showed that the GbTCP14 gene of G. barbadense was distributed on the same branch as Grafted cotton GaTCP14 gene. Realtime quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of GbTCP14 gene was the highest at the 15th day after flowering, and the relative expression level was higher on the 5th day to the 20th day than that in other days. The expression level in petals and calyx was higher among different tissues, and the expression level in roots and stems was the lowest. GbTCP14 protein did not have transcriptional activity by yeast system transcriptional activation assays. The results showed that this study successfully cloned a TCP transcription factor from the island of cotton. The preliminary analysis of the gene has a good potential capacity, the specific function to be further studied.

Abstract:Citrate efflux transporters play an important role in iron longdistance transport from root to shoot. A citrate efflux transporter gene FeFRD3 (GenBank ID: MG462907) from Fagopyrum esculentum was cloned by using homology cloning strategy. FeFRD3 gene had an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 554 bp which encoded 517 amino acid residues with a predicated molecular weight of about 55.83 kD and an isoelectric point of 8.48. Bioinformatics analysis showed that FeFRD3 protein had eight transmembrane domains and located in plasma membrane or tonoplast. Protein sequence analysis indicated that FeFRD3 had a high degree of identity with FRD3 homology proteins from Arabidopsis, soybean and rice. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that FeFRD3 belongs to the class of citrate efflux transporter with function in iron longdistance transport from root to shoot, and was most closely related to AtFRD3 of Arabidopsis. qRTPCR analysis indicated that FeFRD3 gene was expressed in root, stem, leaf and seed. Moreover, the expression level in root and seed was highest and minimal, respectively. Deficiency of iron had no effect on the expression level of FeFRD3 in root. In contrast, higher iron treatment had obviously induced for the expression of FeFRD3 in root. Research result laid a foundation for further study the function of FeFRD3 in iron longdistance transport from root to shoot in F. esculentum.

Abstract:The diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene PaDGAT1 (The accession number in GenBank: MG214258) was cloned from seed of Paeonia suffruticosa by the method of RTPCR and RACE. The fulllength cDNA of PaDGAT1 gene was 2 028 bp, with an open reading frame of 1 554 bp encoding 517 amino acids. The PaDGAT1 gene encoding protein was a hydrophobic alkaline protein with molecular weight of 58.86 kD and the academic isoelectric point of 8.62. Prediction of secondary structure showed that the random coil and extended strand were the main structural elements of the protein. Amino acids sequences alignment analyses indicated that the amino acid sequence of PaDGAT1 belongs to DGAT1 subfamily, which was closed to DGAT1 from Olea europaea. The qRTPCR analyses showed that the expression level of the PaDGAT1 gene was the highest in bud, and was lower in leaf, stem and undeveloped ovary. During the seed developing, the expression level of PaDGAT1 gene in developing seed showed a trend of increasing firstly, then decreasing and increasing again. The expression level of the PaDGAT1 gene was the highest at 28 d in developing seed, then the level was decreased gradually, and was increased again at 70 d with a higher level at 85 d in developing seed. After harvest, the expression of the PaDGAT1 gene was increased with the highest level in seed under room temperature after harvest for 7 d, then it was decreased gradually. The results implied that the PaDGAT1 gene play an important role in the lipid synthesis during seed developing and maturing.

Abstract:In order to study the relationship between pepper (Capsicum annuum) cytoplasmic male sterility and SDH4， we cloned a key enzyme gene of mitochondrial electron transfer complex Ⅱ. SDH4 gene by using specific primers to amplify the mitochondrial genome sequence reported by GenBank. By analyzing the spatiotemporal expression of SDH4 gene and transcriptional editing site to find differences of male sterile line and maintainer line. The results showed that: (1) the length of the coding region of the target gene in two lines was 378 bp, encoding 125 amino acid residues. (2) SDH4 gene has a different expression in different tissues in pepper maintainer line, the highest in seed and the lowest in stem. (3) There is a difference of SDH4 gene expression in the same period of budding development of different materials. SDH4 gene in meiosis stage of pollen mother cell of male sterile line was significantly lower than that of maintainer line, in the other three periods (sporogenous cell division stage, uninucleate microspore stage and mature pollen stage), SDH4 gene expression of male sterile line were higher than those of maintainer line. (4) In male sterile line, the RNA editing of SDH4 gene at the 29 site resulted in the change of amino acid from serine to leucine, which enhanced the hydrophobicity of the protein structure. It is considered that the difference of SDH4 gene expression in pepper cytoplasmic male sterility line 9704A and maintainer line 9704B may cause abnormal energy metabolism supply of plants, resulting in male sterility.

Abstract:In order to study the biological function of TrFQR1 in Trifolium repens cv. ‘Ladino’, we cloned cDNA sequence of TrFQR1 by RACEPCR and RTPCR and analyzed with bioinformatics software. The expression pattern of TrFQR1 was detected by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR(RTqPCR). The results showed that: (1) TrFQR1 was obtained at a length of 1 003 bp, which open reading frame contained 612 bases and encoded 203 amino acid. The molecular weight was 21.88 kD and the isoelectric point was 5.96. TrFQR1 was a hydrophilic protein that highly conserved in evolution without signal peptide and transmembrane domains. The N terminal 11-15 aa and the C terminal 112-165 aa were the FMN binding sites. (2) RTqPCR results showed that TrFQR1 could respond to the all eight treatments. However, TrFQR1 presented different expression trends to those treatments. At 1.5 h after the treatment of 25 μmol/L SNP, 10 mmol/L H₂O₂ or 5 mmol/L CaCl₂ and 3h after the treatment of 15% PEG, the relative expression levels of TrFQR1 were upregulated significantly. The relative expression levels of TrFQR1 increased with the increase of treatment time under 200 mmol/L NaCl or 600 μmol/L CdSO₄. The relative expression of TrFQR1 gene were significantly decreased at 6 h after the treatment of 4 ℃ and 1.5 h after the treatment of 0.02 mmol/L NaHS.

Abstract:In the basis of transcriptomic analysis，a novel AGL6 gene was cloned from Paeonia suffruticosa cultivar ‘Luoyanghong’ by RTPCR technique, which contained an open reading frame of 732 bp encoding a putative protein of 244 amino acids. (1) Protein sequence analysis showed that the gene have highly conserved MADS MEF2 Domain, K Domain, typical AGL6 I and AGL6II Motif，which belongs to the MADS box gene family and named as PsAGL6 (GenBank No: MF563611). (2) Homology analysis showed that PsAGL6 protein was high identity with VvAGL6 from Vitis vinifera (79%). (3) qRTPCR demonstrated that PsAGL6 was expressed in all tissues, little expression in vegetable tissues, but high expression in the floral organs. Expression of PsAGL6 was highest in sepal, petal and carpel followed. In petal of different flower type of 4 tree peony cultivars, qRTPCR results showed that the expression of PsAGL6 had significant difference between different cultivars. The expression of PsAGL6 was the highest in the flower type of rose. In conclusion, PsAGL6 gene involves the formation of floral organs. These results provided help for revealing the molecular mechanism of floral organ development.

Abstract:54 EST sequences, belonging to Tau, Zeta, Theta and Phi classes, were mined from the transcriptome databases of Liriodendron. 4 EST sequences were selected for designing primers and corresponding genes, named LtGSTparCb, LtGSTZlike, LtGSTF13a, LcGSTT1, were cloned by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology. The full cDNA length of LtGSTparCb, LtGSTZlike, LtGSTF13a and LcGSTT1 were 1 150, 932, 1 022 and 1 067 bp respectively. The prediction results of protein structure showed that the four proteins molecular weights were about 25.17, 25.34, 24.49 and 28.09 kD, respectively; the theoretical isoelectric points (pI) were 5.60, 6.53, 6.66, 9.20, which mean that LtGSTparCb, LtGSTZlike, LtGSTF13a were acidic protein and LcGSTT1 was basic protein; the instability indexes were 33.01, 36.97, 43.19, 47.96, so that LtGSTparCb and LtGSTZlike were classified as stable proteins, whereas, LtGSTF13a and LcGSTT1 proteins were unstable; Alpha helix was the mainly secondary structure component of the four proteins. The four proteins were predicted located at cytoplasm in Liriodendron. Expression profile by realtime PCR showed that they were expressed in all eight tissues studied, while the expression levels varied significantly among eight tissues. The expression of LtGSTparCb and LtGSTF13a in leaves was the highest while lower in other tissues. LtGSTZlike had the highest expression level in floral organs and lowest expression in leaves. LcGSTT1 had the highest expression level in leaves and lower in floral organs, which was least in stem and leaf buds. The results could lay a foundation for the further studies of function about GST family genes in Liriodendron.

Abstract:49 samples selected from main varieties (line) of rice from Ningxia are taken as experimental material, the functional marker of which are subject to analysis and gene sequence comparison at Rf1 gene locus and discrepancies in all materials at various loci are subject to cluster analysis to determine pattern and characteristic of Rf1 locus and offer theoretical reference for transbreeding, molecular marker selection, configuration of hybrid combination and utilization of hybrid vigor of sterile line and restore line. The results show that: （1） 11 varieties (lines) are (Rf1a/Rf1a) genetype, accounting for 22% of main rice variety (line) in Ningxia; （2） Rf1b gene locus detection found mutation at basic group of 17 points, among which loci 2459, 2283, 2059, 1694, 2205, 1784 and 2315 have the highest frequency of mutation among each variety (line), while loci 1576, 1881, 1970 (1985) have the lowest frequency of mutation; （3） The mutations are mainly replacement of nucleic acid characterized by numerous loci, including large variation among varieties (lines) and relevant less insertion mutation locus, only a few varieties (lines). There are about 8 mutation loci in each variety (Line) in average; （4）It is observed from cluster analysis that main rice varieties (lines) in Ningxia could be divided into 3 types, with each type corresponding to main varieties (lines) at different periods, difference of varieties (lines) from the first cluster to the third cluster grows and becomes more diverse, but mutation of each variety decreased from 9 to 7 in average.

Abstract:In order to get more information about the genetic background of agronomic and quality traits of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) for marker assistant selection (MAS) and mapbased cloning, we constructed a F_2:3 QTL location population by using LH89 and R43 as parents and made a quantitative trait locus (QTL) location study for 13 agronomic and quality traits based on previously constructed linkage genetic map by composite interval mapping (CIM) method and R/QTL programme. The results are as follows: (1) 35 QTLs related to agronomic and quality traits in flax were detected. Five QTLs each for linoleic acid and oil content, four QTLs each for linoleic acid and thousand seeds weight, three QTLs each for palmitic acid, plant height, technical length, two QTLs each for stearic acid, branch number, one QTL each for bolls per plant, seeds per boll, seeds weight per plant and oleic acid. (2) Among them,18 QTLs which explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation, i.e., eight for agronomic traits and ten for quality traits, suggesting an existence of majoreffect genes.

Abstract:In recent years, a new trend of reproductive disorder characterized by seedling reduction was appeared in Chinese Cyatheaceae plants, this test has observed the key link of the behavior and morphology of Cyatheaceae Sphaeropteris lepifera swimming sperm for the first time, in order to explicit the developmental stages of reproductive barrier and anatomic characteristics of Chinese Cyatheaceae plant. (1) Swimming sperm of S. lepifera can be divided into three periods: initial period, stable phase and decline period. After 1-3 seconds of initial period, sperm can accelerate to 200 r·min^-1 of the rotation frequency and 130 μm·s^-1 of the displacement speed; in 17-22 mins stable phase, sperm rotation frequency and displacement speed are basically stable, sensitive to water quality, namely, the chemical released from archegonium; in 5-7 min of stationary period, sperm rotation frequency, displacement speed and sensitivity to chemical inducer decreased, eventually disappeared. (2) Swimming sperm of S. lepifera is long spiral shape, long 10-12 μm, spiral 2.5-3.5 circles, from top to bottom, it consists of 5 parts: apical ridge, flagellar band, flagella, spermnucleus and vesicle. (3) The flagellar band of S. lepifera is present in the first 1/3 parts of the spermnucleus, there are 32-48 flagella. The cytoplasm was vesicular and atrophy with the time of sperm swimming, spermnucleus was not homogeneous. This paper provides a reference for the study of sexual reproduction Cyatheaceae plants in China.

Abstract:In order to explore asexual reproduction root mechanism of Tamarix taklamakanensis, we collected semihard wood stems of T. taklamakanensis and measured the contents of endogenous hormones IAA, GA3, ZR and ABA during the rooting period, and soluble sugar and protein contents and the related enzyme activities such as PPO, POD, SOD and IAAO in stems during cuttings. The results showed as follows: (1) the endogenous hormones of T. taklamakanensis varied with the process of rooting. The content of IAA can get the maximum at 35 days of cutting and shown a big fluctuation. The content of ZR changed significantly at about 55 days after cutting, showing low level to high level conversion trend. The contents of ABA and GA₃ showed the process of increasing, then decreasing and then increasing, and showed the peak and the trough of change on the 15th and 55th or 80th days of cutting. (2) The rooting of T. ramosissima was closely related to oxidase activities, POD and IAAO were kept at a high level for 35 days after cutting, POD activity decreased significantly and IAAO activity increased after root cutting, PPO and SOD maintained a high activity in 15 days after cuttage cutting, and the changes of PPO activity were even and the changes of SOD activity alternated obviously. (3) Soluble sugar content of rooting cuttings showed two major changes are consumption reduced before rooting and accumulation increased after rooting. Soluble protein content showed a trend of increasing accumulation gradually after cutting. Studies have shown that high levels of IAA, ZR and low levels of GA₃, ABA controled rooting cuttings together, and at the same time, IAA can promote the changes of POD, PPO and IAAO activities to affect rooting, higher activities of POD and IAAO can adjust the IAA level, high level of PPO catalyze the formation of the IAAphenolic acid complex and then induce cuttings rooting.

Abstract:In greenhouse, with cultivation Eurasian grape variety of Crimson Seedless as experimental materials, we sprayed the different concentrations (50,100 and 150 mg·L^-1)of 5aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the leave and grape clusters in the stage of fruit enlargement and initial maturity, to investigate the effects of ALA treatment on grape leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit coloration and fruit quality. The results showed that: (1) after treated with different doses of ALA, grape leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r) and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) had increased in different degrees, and 100 mg·L^-1 ALA had the best performance; (2) 50~150 mg·L^-1 ALA treatment significantly increased the grape anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents; soluble sugar content of fruit was significantly higher than that of control, and the titratable acid content was lower than that of the control; (3) 100 and 150 mg·L^-1 treatments can significantly improve the fruit maturity and fruit coloring parameters, and color index (CIRG) agreement was in good agreement with the accumulation of anthocyanins. It was found that spraying suitable concentration (100 mg·L^-1) of ALA during grape fruit enlargement and initial maturity stage can effectively improve leaf photosynthetic performance, and promote fruit coloring, and significantly improve fruit appearance, color and fruit quality.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects on the growth, physiological characteristics and astragaloside IV of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under progressive drought stress, we potted 2yearold A. membranaceus var. mongholicus seedlings under 14 d progressive water control. The result showed that: (1) along with the soil water content decreased, RWC in the leaves of A. membranaceus var. mongolicus seedlings decreased, MDA content increased and the dry weight of roots and leaves decreased; (2) along with the period of drought stress continued, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR increased firstly and decreased then. In the roots, compared to control, they highly increased 72.1%, 108.6%, 178.0%, 299.4% and 303.4% respectively, and the contents of proline and soluble sugar increased observably. (3) The accumulation of astragaloside Ⅳ peaked at 12 d, increased 53.0% to control, then decreased. We concluded that with drought stress continued, the growth of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus seedlings was negatively influenced, but the antioxidant enzymes and osmatic adjustment substance could adjust themselves to avoid drought stress harm, to mainten the normal metabolic function of plants, and found moderate drought stress was beneficial to the accumulation of astragaloside IV, but this was limited when subjected to severe drought stress.

Abstract:In this study, taking Oenanthe javanica DC. as experimental material, we used floatingbed cultivation technique investigate the nutritional quality and antioxidant enzyme responses of O. javanica DC. in eutrophic water body, aiming to explore the feasibility of using O. javanica DC. in ecological remediation. The results showed that: (1) the fresh weight of O. javanica DC. increased 4.18-7.00 times after growing for 30 d in eutrophic water body, and there was no difference between high level eutrophic water body and the control, indicating that O. javanica DC. can grow normally in eutrophic water body. (2) Under the treatment of eutrophic water body, SOD and POD activities of O. javanica DC. maintained a high level, and MDA content and electrolyte leakage both remained at a low level, showing strong antioxidant capacity and adaptability to eutrophic water without the occurrence of lipid peroxidation. (3) In eutrophic water, compared with the control, Vc content of O. javanica DC. was significantly higher, soluble sugar content was not different from it, and nitrite content was far lower than the national standard, indicating that nutritional quality of O. javanica DC. was good in this study, and according with national edible standards. All of the above shows that O. javanica DC. has good adaptability to eutrophic water body. It can grow normally in eutrophic water with the nutritional quality not affected, be consumed safely and be used for ecological remediation of eutrophic water body.

Abstract:To understand the salt tolerance mechanism of Nitraria sibirica seedlings under NaCl treatment, we investigated the growth of oneyear old N. sibirica seedlings and cationic absorption and distribution in different organs (such as roots, stems and leaves) under different levels of NaCl (0, 200 and 400 mmol·L^-1) treatment through hydroponic experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that: (1) the N. sibirica seedlings growth and succulent degree of leaves were significantly increased by 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment compared with control, but that were inhibited by 400 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment. (2) With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Na⁺ content in the roots, stems and leaves of the N. sibirica seedlings were significantly increased compared with those of the control seedlings, and the Na⁺ content in the leaves was significantly higher than that in stems and roots; The content of K⁺ in roots was significantly increased with the increase of NaCl concentration; The contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in roots, stems and leaves were stay steady or rise under 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment whereas decreased under 400 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment. (3) With the increase of NaCl concentration, the K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺/Na⁺, Mg²⁺/Na⁺ ratios in different organs of seedlings were decreased, and the ratio of roots was always higher than that of stems and leaves. (4) The ability of K⁺ transporting from roots to stems was significantly decreased whereas the abilities of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ transporting from roots to stems and the abilities of K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ transporting from stems to leaves were decreased under NaCl treatment. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the saltadaptation mechanism of N. sibirica seedlings were primarily implemented by plant compensation growth effect, leaf Na⁺ accumulation, also correlated with the ability of root arrest K⁺ and increased abilities of K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ selective transportation in stems and leaves.

Abstract:In order to study the effect of seed coating agent on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings under low temperature, we used “Xinluzao 57” as material with pot culture method, the temperature is set to 10, 18 ℃ and the stress time are set to 0, 1, 2, 3 day, from three aspects of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to investigate the relieving effect of seed coating agent on low temperature damage of cotton seedlings. The results show: (1) compared with the uncoated cotton seedlings, seed coating can improve the cotton seedling chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents under low temperature stress, but at normal temperature, seed coating agent had no significant effect on the photosynthetic pigment contents of the cotton seedlings. (2) Compared with uncoated cotton seedlings, after 10 ℃ and 18 ℃ low temperature treatment for 3 d, coated cotton seedlings net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) increased 33.71%, 52.00%, 96.63% and 38.57%, 55.17% and 103.42%, respectively, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) reduced by 15.15% and 11.12%, respectively. (3) Compared with uncoated cotton seedlings, after 10 ℃ and 18 ℃ low temperature treatment for 3d, the absorption of light energy in the unit reaction center (ABS/RC) of the coated cotton seedlings increased 0.41% and 1.56%, respectively. The energy used to restore the Q_A (TR_o/RC) and the capture of energy for electron transfer (ET_o/RC) increased 2.97%, 0.47% and 4.27% and 1.67%, respectively. The reaction center for exciton electron transfer and to promote the reduction of Q_A exciton ratio (ψ_o) increased 0.18% and 2.16%, respectively. The absorption of light energy for the quantum yield (Φ_Eo) and the performance index (PI_ABS) of electron transfer increased 2.25%, 2.42% and 19.32% and 5.94%, respectively. The results, indicated that coating agent treatment can improve the content of photosynthetic pigments in cotton seedlings, regulate stomatal opening, enhance the fixation and utilization of CO₂, increase the energy of photosynthetic absorption and capture, and induce reasonable distribution of photosynthetic energy, maintain the absorption, capture and transformation of light energy in the photosynthetic organs, thus mitigate the damage caused by low temperature stress.

Abstract:The wetland of Ebinur Lake is seriously degrading due to natural and anthropogenic factors, which affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, there have been fewer studies on the longterm change of soil water, salt and nutrient. In this study, the changes and spatial distribution of soil water content, salt content, pH value and organic matter under typical vegetation (Haloxylon ammodendronTamarix chinensis community, Haloxylon ammodendron community, Populus euphratica community, Phragmites communis community) were analyzed from 2006 to 2015. The results showed that: (1) soil organic matter and water content under different plant communities significantly decreased from 2006 to 2015, which decreased by 24.65%-48% and 5.41%-20.16%, respectively. In contrast, soil salinity and pH increased by 81.92%-128.74% and 2.99%-4.21%, respectively, which indicated that soil salinization aggravated around the wetland of Ebinur Lake. (2) The level of nutrient reduction was Haloxylon ammodendronTamarix chinensin > Populus euphratica > Haloxylon ammodendron > Phragmites communis. The soil of northwest reached heavy salinization level, and the organic matter decreased to sixlevel. The soil in other communities was moderately salinized, and the organic matter was fourlevel. The study found the soil condition in Ebinur wetland has been deteriorating in the past decade, as the the soil nutrients of different plants communities and water content have been decreasing, and salinization has been increasing. Soil texture, precipitation and climate warming and drying were the basis of soil degradation under different plant communities. Anthropogenic activities (the increase of population and agricultural water consumption, and the change of cultivated land) make the remarkable difference of soil degradation degree under different communities.

Abstract:We studied Pinus elliottii, Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis, Acacia cunninghamia and A.aulacocarpa plantations in the coastal sandy land of Fuzhou City, and determined stable carbon and nitrogen isotope abundance values (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) in unevenaged leaves (new and oldyear leaves) and topsoils (0-10 cm). we studied the relationship between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope abundance, water use efficiency and soil nitrogen saturation in order to reveal the mechanism of water use efficiency, nitrogen saturation and the difference of carbon and nitrogen cycle rate of different species. The results showed that: (1) the δ¹³C values in leaves of different tree species ranged from -31.682‰ to -29.323‰ in the sequence as P.elliottii>A.cunninghamia>C.equisetifolia>A.aulacocarpa> E.urophylla × E. grandis. The δ¹³C values in newyear leaves were higher compared with those in oldyear leaves for most species, except for E.urophylla × E. grandis. The variation range of δ¹⁵N in leaves of each tree species was from -5.548‰ to -2.167‰ with the highest value in A.cunninghamia, followed by, A.aulacocarpa, C.equisetifolia, P.elliottii, and E.urophylla × E. grandis. The δ¹⁵N values in newyear leaves were higher compared with those in oldyear leaves. (2) The variation range of δ¹⁵N in the topsoils of different tree species was from -4.675‰ to -2.975‰ with the highest value in A.aulacocarpa, followed by, A.cunninghamia, C.equisetifolia, E.urophylla × E. grandis, and P.elliottii. However, there was no significant difference in the C content in the topsoils of different tree species. (3) The water use efficiency of P.elliottii, C.equisetifolia, A.cunninghamia and A.aulacocarpa decreased with the aging of leaves. The water use efficiency of newyear leaves of different tree species varied from 39.09 μmol·mol^-1 to 76.57 μmol·mol^-1, with P.elliottii> A.cunninghamia> C.equisetifolia>A.aulacocarpa>E.urophylla × E. grandis. The water use efficiency of oldyear leaves varied from 38.56 μmol·mol^-1 to 62.59 μmol·mol^-1, with P.elliottii>C.equisetifolia>A.cunninghamia> E.urophylla × E. grandis>A.aulacocarpa. (4) The water use efficiency of different tree species was significantly positively correlated with that of new leaves, indicating that the water use efficiency of newyear leaves plays a more significant role. The water use efficiency of stand was also affected by stand type.

Abstract:The study, using combination of sample lines and plots, carried out field investigation and sampling analysis of plant community at different altitudes in the Motianling northern slope Dayazi of Gansu Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve. Using linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and curve fitting analysis method, the study researched on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents (LCC, LNC, LPC) and stoichiometric (C/N, C/P, N/P) change characteristic of woody plants. Besides, variation trend and correlation of leaf traits at species and community levels with elevation gradient. The results showed that: (1) at deciduous broadleaved forest belts on the Motianling northern slope Dayazi, there are 23 species of woody plants belonging to 13 families, including 6 trees and 17 shrubs. Among them, the species of shrubs are superfluous trees. In addition, a few species are distributed at different altitudes, such as Larix principisrupprechtii and Lespedeza bicolor, which reflect the adaptation of different plants to heterogeneous environments. (2) The coefficient of variation of leaf functional traits in the smallest is LCC (4.6%), SLA is the biggest (42.1%), of which only LCC variation is weak, and the other leaf traits belong to moderate variation. These show that the woody plant carbon gain is maintained at a certain level based on synergy in other leaf traits to ensure the stability of the community. (3) Correlation between leaf functional traits is widespread, which is a strategy of plant adaptation to environment. The study shows that the correlations between SLALNC and LNCLPC are the same in species and community levels and the degree of correlation, and the correlation between other leaf traits are different, which provides a certain basis on selection of traits for future research. (4) The trend of leaf functional traits varied with altitude: apart from the variation trend of C/N and N/P at two levels, the other traits show basically the same trend with altitude at the species and community levels, but the significant degree of LNC was the same, the others were different. This phenomena reflects the adaptation of different leaf functional traits of woody plants to different environments at altitudes.

Abstract:To clarify the resources and diversity of vascular plants in the scenic spots of Huizhou West Lake, we conducted through field investigation and literature review. The species composition of vascular plants and the specific composition of their families, genera and species in the scenic spots of Huizhou West Lake was analyzed about the distribution area type, endangered species, medicinal plant and aquatic plant. The results show: (1) Huizhou West Lake scenic area has a total of 169 families of vascular plants in 650 genera and 1 061 species, of which the most abundant species of angiosperms have 145 families, 613 genera and 1 002 species, and families, genera and species accounted for 85.80%, 94.30%, 94.44%, respectively. 9 families of gymnosperm belonging to 20 genera and 36 species, families and genera and species of the total number 5.33%, 3.10%, 3.39%, respectively. 15 families of ferns belonging to 17 genera and 23 species, families and genera and species accounted for 8.88%, 2.60%, 2.17%, respectively. (2) The dominant families of plant resources are obvious in the scenic spots of Huizhou West Lake. There were 29 families containing 10 species or more than 10 species, a total of 653 species, accounting for 61.55% of the total species, including Compositae (63 species), gramineous times (60). There are 442 species of plants of single species and/or genera in the study area, indicating families that only one or a few species occupy the majority of vascular plants in the study area. (3) There are 154 families of seed plants in Huizhou West Lake scenic area, belong to 13 types of distribution area. The type of the pan tropical distribution area has 60 families, the highest proportion (55.56%), suggesting that the seed plants have obvious characteristics of the tropical flora, mainly tropical distribution. (4) There are 29 species of rare and endangered plants (among them 26 species of state protected plants), 702 species of medicinal plants and 150 species of aquatic plants in Huizhou West Lake scenic area. The research shows that there are abundant species and high diversity of vascular plants resources in Huizhou West Lake scenic area, so as to strengthen the protection and utilization of plant resources and the construction of ecological landscape.

Abstract:Dehydration time and thawing temperature were explored to test the possibility of encapsulationvitrification in the cryopreservation of bryophytes collected from moist habitats. The results showed that the regeneration rate of S. ovatum can reach 42.41% when the materials were precultured at 4 ℃ for 3 days, loaded with 60% PVS₂ for 30 minutes and dehydrated with PVS₂ for 60 minutes at 0 ℃, then stored in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours and thawed at 40 ℃ for 2 minutes. There are no significant differences of morphological indicators between the pants before and after cryopreserved. The results demonstrated the feasibility of cryopreservation of bryophytes in humid environment by encapsulationvitrification.

Abstract:Anemone pendulisepala Y. N. Lee is reported as a newly recorded species in China. Its morphological description in Chinese is provided, and the systematical status as well as nomenclatural problem of this species is also briefly discussed.

Abstract:With the rapid development of highthroughput sequencing technology, more and more lncRNAs(Long noncoding RNA) which have biological functions were found in plants. lncRNAs are important noncoding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides. The researches on the function and mechanism of lncRNAs were more deeply in animals so far, not only in epigenetic level, transcription and posttranscription, but also playing important roles in wide ranges of biological processes such as genomic imprinting, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation. Compared to animals, some studies have to do with lncRNAs in plants, but the research of lncRNAs in plants is a little backward due to the lack of effective technologies and methods. Therefore, based on the latest advances on lncRNA recently, we reviewed the origin, structural characteristics, classification, molecular mechanism and function, which providing a guide for further study of function and molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in plants.