Abstract:In order to explore the function of the rape miR1140, we cloned the premiR1140 gene from rape cultivated variety westar by PCR approach, and successfully constructed the plant expression vector of premiR1140 with vector pPZP212, and transformed into variety westar by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated approach. (1) PCR identification indicated that 14 strains positive transgenic plants of BnamiR1140 gene over expressed have been obtained; (2) Phenotypic observation showed that leaf morphology and flower tube of positive strains do not mutate, plant height, length of main inflorescence, the number of principal inflorescences and the 1 000grain weight are all equivalent to the control. But there are 5 positive strains with BnamiR1140 transformed (T₀) expressed double main sequence phenotype, and the branch height lower than control, branching number increased significantly than control, make the whole effective pod number increase, single productivity increased by 26% than that of control, and other 9 strains positive strains were consistent with that of wild type rape phenotype. (3) T₁ field phenotype analysis showed that the total growth period of T₁ transmutation plant of 5 strains with 35S∷BnamiR1140 (T₀ generation) overexpressed was significantly increased by 9-14 d compared with the control group, and, of which there are four strains, their plant type variation genetic followed 3∶1 Mendel segregation law. The study speculated that BnamiR1140 may participate in the regulation of branching and development of oilseed rape.

Abstract:To understand how Zea mays L. centrin（ZmCEN）function, we employed the technique of yeast two hybrid system (Y2HS) to investigate the interaction between interactingproteins and ZmCEN. In this study, using maize inbred line Zheng 58 seedlings as materials, we isolated the total RNA and synthesized the doublestrand cDNAs by SMART technology. According to the CDS sequence of the ZmCEN gene, we designed the primers to construct recombinant bait vector (pGBKT7ZmCEN) and transform yeast strain Y2HGold for screening the toxicity and selfactivation ability of bait vectors. We screened the prey proteins interaction with ZmCEN. Interacting proteins NAC67 and TON1b were verified the interaction by βgalactosidase assay in vitro. The BiFC semimolecule vectors of ZmCENpSPYNE and TON1bpSPYCE were constructed to further confirm the interaction in Arabidopsis cells. Gene and Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed on the screened proteins using Uniprot and KEGG online sites. The results showed that the unamplified cDNA library was consisted of 2.56 × 10⁷ CFU independent clones, and the titer of library was 5.36 × 10⁸ CFU/mL which met the requirements of library construction. The cDNA library was screened by bait vector after testing no toxicity and no selfactivation, and 28 proteins were interacted with ZmCEN by sequencing and Blast alignment analysis. GO enrichment analysis of these proteins showed that there were 21 terms in the biological process. The ZmCEN and TON1b proteins were further verified interaction in Arabidopsis cell by BiFC technology. A highquality cDNA library was constructed and 28 proteins were interacted with ZmCEN, which could be used to further investigate the interaction mechanisms between them.

Abstract:In this study, we used bioinformatics approaches to retrieve 11 family genes encoding for PAO from tomato genome, which were further named as SlPAO111 grouped into three subfamilies (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ). In addition, gene structure analysis, protein secondary structure prediction and subcellular location prediction results are demonstrated that SlPAOs gene family have distinct subfamily categorization characteristics. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis suggest that SlPAO18 belonging to subfamily Ⅰ and Ⅱ are typical PAO genes. Proteins encoded by SlPAO911 belonging to subfamily Ⅲ contain specific SWIRM domain, SlPAO911 are characterized as histone lysinespecific demethylases, but not real PAO. Then, we used qRTPCR to analyze the relative expression level of 8 typical SlPAOs (SlPAO18) in different tissues (dry seeds, fresh leaf, cotyledon, stem, root) of tomato plant, the results showed that the expression levels of SlPAO18 in different tissues were significantly different. It is speculated that there may be a certain correlation between the diversity of expression and functional diversity of the SlPAOs gene family.

Abstract:In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the formation of Cymbidium ensifolium flowercolor, we used highthroughput highseq sequencing technique to construct transcriptome library with the yellowgreen and red petals of one Cymbidium plant as experimental materials in this study. We investigated about the biosynthesis metabolism pathway of color related ingredients, the transcriptional activity of key regulatory genes, etc. The results showed that: (1) a total of 131 110 030 Clean Reads and 106 479 Unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and 29 748 Unigenes with annotated information was obtained by comparing with NR, GO, COG, KEGG and other public databases; (2) in contrast to yellowgreen petals, the expression of 776 genes increased and 589 genes decreased in red petals, were identified to 93 metabolic pathways by KEGG database, and of which 6 pathways and total 20 differentially expressed genes (83 Unigenes) are related to flavonoid biosynthesis; (3) qRTPCR analysis showed that the expression ratio trend of the selected 20 genes in Cymbidium petals is consistent with the transcriptome ratio trend of FPKM, which means the transcriptome data obtained in this study has a high reference value. Among them, the upregulation genes of chorismate mutase (CM), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and cinnamate 4hydroxylase (C4H), 4coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) are in favor of flavonoid precursor accumulation. Chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol4reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) were almost no expressed in yellowgreen petals, but significantly increased in the red petals, which are possibly connected with the floral color formation of Cymbidium ensifolium.

Abstract:The cDNA sequence of PjHMGR was cloned from Panax japonicus callus and bioinformatics analysis of it was conducted in the study. Overexpression vector pCAMBIA2300sPjHMGR was constructed and then transferred into the P. japonicus callus to obtain the transgenic cell lines successfully by the method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. The relative expression level of PjHMGR, the enzyme activity of PjHMGR, the contents of PJS and phytosterols in transgenic cell lines were determined by the fluorescence quantitative PCR, colorimetric method and saponification. The results showed that: (1) all of them in PjHMGR transgenic cells achieved enhancements to some extent compared with the control. Especially, the expression level of PjHMGR, the enzyme activity and PJS content of the bestperforming positive cell line were 7.15 times, 6.14 times and 3.50 times of those in control, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of phytosterol in transgenic cell lines was also found to be enhanced. (2) The study considers that if the key enzyme genes (For example: the overexpressing vector of PjHMGR in the biosynthesis pathway, was transformed into Panax japonicus callus, which will increase the relative expression level of the key enzyme genes and the activity of the PjHMGR enzyme, thereby regulating the synthesis of the total saponins of Panax japonicus.) take part in the biosynthesis of saponin were regulated. The regulation of the synthetic pathway of saponin will be realized.

Abstract:In this study, PgKO, the gibberellin biosynthesisrelated gene, was cloned from flowers of pomegranate using RTPCR and RACE technology methods, with ‘Punica granatum cv. Hongyushizi’ as the experimental material. Its accession of GenBank is MG208017. The cDNA fulllength sequence of PgKO was 1 729 bp, with 1 542 bp open reading flame encoding 513 amino acids. The protein molecular weight and isoelectric point were 141.16 kD and 4.9 respectively. Multiple alignment showed that PgKO had 61.28%, 64.56% and 73% similarity with Malus × domestica MdKO, Pyrus communis PcKO and Vitis vinifera VvKO respectively, also included CYP450 domain embracing prolinerich domain, redio sites and hemebinding domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that PgKO shared the same origin with other species, and had the closest relationship with Eucalyptus grandis EgKO. Real time quantitative PCR showed that no matter the bud stage or flowering stage, PgKO expression in cylindricshaped flowers were higher than that in trumpetshaped flowers. Sometimes PgKO expression was detected in ovary, anther and calyx. In cylindricshaped flowers, the expression in ovary is the highest, while lowest in calyx; In trumpetshaped flowers, the expression in anther is the highest, while lowest in ovary.

Abstract:The fulllength cDNA sequence of the 1deoxyDxylulose5phosphate synthase (DXS) gene from the petals of Lilium Oriental hybrid ‘Entertainer’ was cloned using RACE methods, named as LeDXS (GenBank accession number MF576067). The full length of LeDXS cDNA is 2 471 bp and it contains an open reading frame of 2 142 bp, encoding a putative protein of 713 amino acids. The predicted protein molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of LeDXS are 76.3 kD and 6.65, respectively. The formula of LeDXS is C₃₃₇₀H₅₃₇₄N₉₄₂O₁₀₁₆S₃₂. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that LeDXS, clustered with DXS of kiwi fruit and marigold proteins, belongs to the plant DXSⅠcluster and is a functionally conserved protein. LeDXS gene was expressed in the petals of all cultivars based on qRTPCR analysis. LeDXS had a higher expression level in strongscented lilies compared to weakscented and nonscented lilies. The results will benefit our biologically functional understanding of LeDXS, and further research of floral fragrance breeding of lilies.

Abstract:Seven new potato strains (NMSA42, NMSA187, NMSA217, NMSB53, NMSB107, NMSB327 and NMSC92) selected from F₁ segregating populations of three potato cross combinations. In order to clarify the differences of main characters, molecular and cellular genetics among them, with potato parental materials as control, we compared and analyzed the traits of the seven new strains, include yield, commercial potato rate, nutritional quality, maturity, PMCM Ⅰ chromosome pairing behavior, pollen fertility and SSR fingerprint characteristics. This will provide the basis for further breeding and registration of new potato varieties. The results showed that: (1) NMSA42 was the new strain of powder processing with high drymatter content, NMSB107 was the new strain with high anthocyanin content, NMSB327 was colored potato new strain, and other new strains were all fresheating potato. (2) The new strain NMSB327 was midearly matured, NMSC92 was latematured, and other strains were midmatured. (3) The average single plant yield of all the strains ranged from 1.02 kg to 1.84 kg, and the commodity potato rate ranged from 81.10% to 94.36%, of which the strain NMSB327 was the highest. The fertile pollen rate ranged from 48.82% to 87.69%, of which the strain NMSA42 was the lowest, and the strain NMSB107 was the highest. (4) The chromosome pairing configuration of the seven new strains NMSA42, NMSA187, NMSA217, NMSB53, NMSB107, NMSB327 and NMSC92 were 6.57Ⅰ+ 9.66Ⅱ + 5.06Ⅲ + 1.74Ⅳ, 5.38Ⅰ+ 8.98Ⅱ + 4.63Ⅲ + 2.69Ⅳ, 4.05Ⅰ + 15.54Ⅱ + 2.12Ⅲ + 1.63Ⅳ, 4.55Ⅰ + 12.12Ⅱ + 2.39Ⅲ + 3.01Ⅳ, 1.93Ⅰ + 11.52Ⅱ + 2.0Ⅲ + 4.26Ⅳ, 4.37Ⅰ + 9.97Ⅱ + 3.19Ⅲ + 3.53Ⅳ and 6.08Ⅰ + 7.6Ⅱ + 3.4Ⅲ + 4.13Ⅳ, respectively. (5) A total of three suitable SSR primers, S25, S118 and S153, which were clear, polymorphic and reproducible, were selected from 55 SSR primers. The SSR fingerprint was constructed by PCR amplification, which could clearly identify 7 new strains and their parents. The study suggested that the seven excellent new potato strains were shallow eyes, good shaped, concentrated and tidy, and the traits of maturity, yield, commercial potato rate and nutritional quality had their own characteristics. They have high application value.

Abstract:Orange flesh is one of the most important trait in current melon breeding. According to the alignment between the nucleotide sequences of CmOr in orange versus green/white flesh fruit, we captured an insert/deletion mutation and developed an InDel marker named InDelOr1. 28 melon accessions were genotyped using this marker, and results showed that the polymorphism of InDelOr1 marker was cosegregated with the flesh color, allowing us to identify the homozygous orange flesh genotype, homozygous nonorange flesh genotype and heterozygous orange flesh genotype. Two F₂ populations were constructed from the hybrid combinations between melon accessions with white flesh and orange flesh, which were then genotyped by IndelOr1 marker. The accuracy of genotyping results reached 97.4% and 95.3% respectively in two populations. The results showed that IndelOr1 marker had high accurate and the application promotion value, which could abundantly raise the efficiency of breeding and shorten the breeding cycle.

Abstract:In the early stage of pod enlargement, exogenous gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were applied to young pods of peanut variety 05D610 with normal seed and its seed shrivel mutant 05D677. By measuring content change of endogenous GA, ABA, ZT (zeatin) and IAA (auxin), as well as the change of growth characteristics in pods and seeds, we study the relationship between the pod or seed growth and hormones contents, and analysis the causes of seed shrinkage in 05D677. The main results were as follows: (1) endogenous GA and ZT contents of pods and seeds were significantly increased, peak time of IAA content of that delayed, the dry weight of pod increased significantly, after exogenous GA treatment in 05D677. (2) Endogenous GA and ABA contents of pods and seeds were significantly increased, peak time of IAA content of that delayed, the dry weight of seeds increased significantly, after exogenous ABA treatment in 05D677. (3) In the stage of pods expanding, inadequate contents of GA, ABA and ZT in 05D677 pods or seeds lead to seeds shrinkage.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the physiological and molecular mechanism of melon seedlings under chilling stress, we carried out the experiment using the melon varieties ‘Shijimi’ (chillingtolerant) and ‘GL1’ (chillingsensitive) in climate chambers and substrates to investigate the alleviating effects of Spd on melon seedlings for growth, photosynthesis and reactive oxygen metabolism. The expression patterns of four different antioxidant enzyme genes were analyzed using quantitative PCR under chilling stress and recovery. The results showed that: (1) the growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents of melon seedlings were decreased under chilling stress, the antioxidant enzyme activities and the expression patterns of four different antioxidant enzyme genes were increased, and the influence on ‘GL1’ was greater than that on ‘Shijimi’; (2) Spd could increase melonseedling growth, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal limitation (L_s), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), light energy capture efficiency of photosystemⅡ (F_v′/F_m′) and the apparent electron rate（ETR）,while reduce intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) and initial fluorescence (F_o) under chilling stress; (3) Spd changed antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns under chilling stress. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) genes increased and antioxidant enzyme activities were improved, and the injury of chilling stress was reduced. (4) Compared with the control, Spd decreased or increased the indexes of ‘GL1’under low temperature stress more than that of ‘Shijimi’. Obviously, Spd was favorable for the melon seedlings to maintain photosynthesis, improve photochemical electron transport efficiency, capture and converse solar energy, the antioxidant enzyme activities and the expression patterns of antioxidant enzyme genes, and thus melon growth were improved, and inhibition of chilling stress on melon was reduced. These findings suggested that ameliorative effect of Spd on melon seedlings under chilling stress was effective, especially for chillingsensitive genotypes.

Abstract:A biological pond system was constructed by Typha angustata, Canna glauca, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Arundo donax, Iris tectorum, Eichhornia crassipes to investigate the accumulation and tolerance of cadmium in aquatic plants. The subcellular components and different chemical forms of cadmium in plants was separated by differential centrifugations and fivestep extraction. Then, the cadmium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that: (1) the cadmium accumulation was much more in root than in stem and leaf. Furthermore, the cadmium concentration of 3 kinds of aquatic plants: submerged plant（Myriophyllum aquaticum, Hydrilla verticillata）> floating plant(Eichhornia crassipes) >emergent plant（Typha angustata, Canna glauca, Arundo donax and Iris tectorum). (2) The subcellular components of H. verticillata, E. crassipes, A. donax displayed the following sequence: cell wall＞protoplast＞mitochondri＞soluble fraction, which proportion was 37.16%-50.86%, 20.69%-31.21%, 10.81%-23.83% and 8.15%-19.83%, respectively. (3) The greatest amount of cadmium found in 1 mol·L^-1NaClextractable fraction and H₂Oextractable fraction, the two chemical forms relative contents in percentage were 29.37%-56.27% and 15.06%-36.19%, respectively. The analysis indicated that the cadmium accumulation ability in M. aquaticum, E. crassipes, C. glauca, A. donax was better than in T. angustata, I. tectorum, H. verticillata., and cadmium mainly existed in the cell wall and vacuole of the root of the aqudtic plant with the binding state or adsorption state of pectinate protein to attenuate the toxicity of cadmium to the root organelles and the plant overground.

Abstract:The influence of different concentrations of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(Ⅴ) on the growth rate, chlorophyll a content, antioxidant enzyme activities and superficial structure of Scenedesmus obliquus were investigated. The results showed that the alage respond more rapidly to Sb(Ⅲ) under the experimental group of high concentration of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V). The content of chlorophyll a decreased with increasing concentrations of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V), and is more sensitive to the change of Sb(Ⅲ). Under the 800 μmol/L of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(Ⅴ) stress, the content of MDA and activity of SOD in the algal changed significantly in 7^th-8^th day and 6^th-7^th day, respectively. In contrast, the activity of CAT change more rapidly under Sb stress, and increased rapidly in 4^th-5^th day. The high concentration of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) significantly affect the biomass, chlorophyll a content and superficial structure of alage cell. This stress effect was closely related with both Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(Ⅴ) concentration and treatment time; S. obliquus can alleviate this inhibition by increasing its antioxidant enzyme system.

Abstract:In order to explore the correlation between the varietal differences of monosaccharide and Phytophora parasitica var.nicotiana，we used ‘NC102’，‘K326’，‘Yun87’ and ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ as materials to study the monosaccharide in the root and rhizosphere soil of different fluecured tobacco varieties and its allelopathy to P. parasitica var.nicotiana. The results showed that: （1） xylose, arabinos, glucose and galactose were detected in the root and rhizosphere soil of all the fluecured tobacco varieties, and among them, glucose content achieved the highest level. （2） At rosette stage, the glucose in the rhizosphere soil of highresistant variety ‘NC102’ and the mediumresistant variety ‘K326’ are: 2.255 μg·g_-1 and 4.744 μg·g_-1, respectively; the glucose in the rhizosphere soil of mediumsusceptible variety ‘Yun87’and highsusceptible variety ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ are: 7.100 μg·g_-1 and 11.068 μg·g_-1, respectively; at the rosette stage, the order of total content of monosaccharide in the rhizosphere soil of all fluecured tobacco varieties is: ‘NC102’（5.346 μg·g_-1）＜’K326’（7.844 μg·g_-1）＜‘Yun87’（10.551 μg·g_-1）＜ ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ （15.579 μg·g_-1), respectively. （3） There is a tendency that the total amount of glucose and monosaccharide is high in the rhizosphere soil of susceptible varieties and low in the rhizosphere soil of resistant varieties. The total amount of monosaccharide is high in the rhizosphere soil of susceptible varieties at the rosette stage, and low at other stages. （4） Each monosaccharide and saccharidemixture has promotion effect on the growth of P. parasitica var. nicotiana, and the saccharide with the concentration of 2.000 mg·mL_-1 and the saccharidemixture with the concentration of 4.000 mg·mL_-1 both have the strongest effects. The study found that susceptible varieties of fluecured tobacco secrete more monosaccharides into the rhizosphere through the roots during the early stages of growth and development, providing materials and energy for the growth and development of P. parasitica var. nicotianal, thus promote its growth and lead to its occurrence.

Abstract:In order to analyze the physiological response difference of Lycium barbarum to mixed salt (NaCl+Na₂SO₄), we selected one year seedling of ‘Ningqi No.5’ and ‘Heiqi No.1’ as the materials, with different salinity treatments under different osmotic potential gradients (-0.47, -0.82 and -1.18 MPa, respectively). The results showed that: (1) with the decreasing of osmotic potential, chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein (SP) contents increased firstly and then decreased. The relative conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) contents gradually increased, but ‘Ningqi No.5’ trend is greater than ‘Heiqi No.1’. (2) The activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased, while the osmotic potential of -1.18 MPa inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ‘Ningqi No.5’. (3) With the prolongation of treatment time, MDA, Pro and SS contents and CAT activity increased in two kinds of L. barbarum，and the accumulation of ‘Ningqi No.5’ is higher than that of ‘Heiqi No.1’; while the content of Chl and the activities of SOD and POD decreased at -1.18 MPa. All these results suggested that both types of L. barbarum can relieve salt stress by accumulating osmotic regulating substances and strengthening the antioxidant enzyme system. ‘Ningqi No.5’ has stronger osmotic adjustment ability, while ‘Heiqi No.1’ has a more stable antioxidant enzyme system and thus has a stronger ability to tolerate salt stress.

Abstract:In this study, we investigated the allelopathy mechanism of the aqueous extract of Juglans sigillata root on the seed germination and seedlings growth of sixteen kind of typical green manure seeds in the southwest region by method of Petri dish bioassay. In addition, we further studied the allelopathic effects of the J. sigillata leaf and root aqueous extracts and juglone on 4 kinds of green manure plants (mung bean, red clover, white clover, peanuts) on difference of seed germination and seedling growth and analysis of antioxidant enzyme properties. Our purposes are to screen suitable green manure plants grown in the walnut gardens of southwestern China, and investigate the allelopathic mechanism of walnut roots and litter on green manure crops. The results showed that: (1) the aqueous extract of J. sigillata root had no effect on the germination rate of mung bean, but the fresh and dry weight of mung bean seedlings were significantly inhibited, while the germination rate, fresh weight and dry weight of the other 15 kinds of green manure were inhibited; (2) the germination of mung bean seeds was inhibited significantly by juglone, but the aqueous extract of J. sigillata root or leaf had no effect on the germination of mung bean seeds; (3) allelopathic effects of the aqueous extract of J. sigillata root or leaf compare with juglone on the growth of green manure plants were consistent, but the allelopathic effect was stronger than that of walnut roots and leaves; (4) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seedlings of mung bean under J. sigillata root or leaf and juglone were higher than those of the other 3 kinds of receptor seedlings, and the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species was high, the degree of cell damage was low and affected by allelopathy. Studies indicated mung bean is an intercropping green manure plant suitable for young walnut gardens in Southwest China.

Abstract:Oneyearsold seedling of Prunus mume ‘Feng hou’, grafted seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ and Prunus sibirica treated by NaCl were studied to explain their resistance to salt stress. The soil salt contents were set as 0(CK), 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5% respectively. Salt injury index, membrane permeability, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance contents were detected. and the physiological indexes of three plants leaves were evaluated synthetically by membership function law to determine their salt tolerance ability and to provide the theory basis for the popularization and application in the north, the choice of breeding methods, and the choice of stock selection of P. mume. The results showed as follows: (1) with the increase of soil NaCl content, salt injury index and salt injury rate of seedling of P. mume‘Feng hou’, grafted seedling of P. mume‘Feng hou’and P. sibirica increased, which NaCl contents are 0.545%, 0.695% and 0.705% when their salt injury index is 50%. It indicates that the resistance of three plants to NaCl ranked from P. sibirica, grafted seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ to seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’. (2) With the stress days lengthened of soil NaCl, relative conductivity and MDA contents increased firstly and then decreased; POD activity increased but part of grafted seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ and P. sibirica increased firstly and then decreased; Soluble sugar content of seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ increased, Soluble sugar content of grafted seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ and P. sibirica decreased firstly and then increased but part of them increased firstly and then decreased. (3) We synthetically assess the resistance of three plants to NaCl ranked from P. sibirica, grafted seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ to seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ by membership function law, which is the same as the result of salt injury index analysis. The study found that the injured degree of three plants leaves deepened with the salt stress concentration elevated, but they can produce certain adaptability to the lower and medium salt stress. The salt resistance of seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ is more stronger than grafted seedling of P. mume ‘Feng hou’ when it was treated. The strong salt tolerance of P. sibirica as root stock, explains that grafting can improve the salt tolerance of P. mume.

Abstract:With Callicarpa dichotoma seedlings as test materials, using pot set four water moisture gradients, 95% of water holding capacity of the largest field (control), 75% (mild drought), 55% (moderate drought) and 35% (severe drought), we investgated the soil moisture affects C. dichotoma photosynthetic characteristics. The results show: (1) since the drought stress, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) and water use efficiency (WUE) of C. dichotoma were decreased, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) in mild and moderate gradually decline, under severe drought stress significantly increased; (2) with the intensification of drought stress, the light saturation point (LSP), maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), dark respiration rate (R_d) and apparent quantum efficiency(AQY) of C. dichotoma significantly reduced, and light compensation point (LCP) increased significantly (P<0.01); (3) with the increase of degree of stress, the maximum fluorescence (F_m), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and PSⅡ quantum efficiency (Fv/F_o) of C. dichotoma were gradually reduced and the initial fluorescence (F_o) was significantly increased (P<0.01), since the drought stress energy distribution ratio parameters, φ_Po, Ψ_o, φ_Eo and DIo/RC are gradually increasing; (4) with the increase of stress, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b of C. dichotoma gradually decreased. The study showed that the decrease of the combined rate of C. dichotoma in the drought stress has both the stomatal factor and the nonstomatal factor. The photosynthetic rate of C. dichotoma under mild and moderate drought stress was dominated by stomatal restriction, while nonstomatal restriction was mainly due to severe drought stress.

Abstract:The seed germination, seedling physiological and biochemical indexes of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. under drought stress were studied in this paper as the different PEG6000 treatments (2.5%-25%) were carried out in the experiments. The results showed that: (1) the initial germination time of P. tenuifolia seeds were delayed with the increasing of drought stress degree, and the seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index were all decreased. However, the seed germination rate do not performance significant difference in 2.5%-15% PEG range compared to control while it significantly reduced under 20% PEG treatment (P<0.05). The seeds could not germinate absolutely at severe drought stress (25% PEG). The biomass and embryonic bud of P. tenuifolia were decreased, while the radical increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of drought stress degree. (2) The seedling chlorophyll content increased with the increasing of treatment concentration and duration in 2.5%-10% PEG range, increasing firstly and then decreased at 15% and 20% PEG treatments. The highest chlorophyll content was observed in 10% PEG treatment at 15 days of P. tenuifolia, with 1.5 fold of the control. (3) The contents of free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein continuously ascended with the increasing of treatment concentration and duration. The highest free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were recorded in the leaf tissue of P. tenuifolia at 15 days under 20% PEG treatment, with 1.99 fold, 1.53 fold and 1.50 fold of the control, respectively. (4) The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of treatment duration, and the highest values of SOD and CAT activities were recorded in 10% PEG treatment at 10 days. The activity of peroxidase (POD) increased firstly and secondly decreased and finally increased, then decreased with the increasing of treatment duration, and the higher value of POD activity was recorded in 20% PEG treatment at 5 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content continuously ascended at 15% and 20% PEG solution, while increased firstly and then decreased in 2.5%-10% PEG range. The results demonstrated that the P. tenuifolia showed good adaptability to drought stress cause of the seeds could keep normal germination under light and moderate drought stress, and the seedlings could active adapt to drought stress environment by changing growth, osmotic substance content and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Abstract:Phylogenetic information is a critical component of community ecology and conservation biology. In order to explore the phylogenetic community structure of desert shrub and its relationship with environmental factors in the Qaidam Basin, we selected the shrub communities as the research objects and calculated the phylogenetic community structure with picante package in R based on the species presence/absence in the community, and analyzed its relationship with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and soil water content to reveal the relationship of species coexisting shrub communities and mechanism of biodiversity maintenance. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant correlation (P=2.77×10^-6) between the phylogenetic structure of the shrub communities and the soil water content in the Qaidam Basin, which showed that the aggregation degree of the phylogenetic community structure decreased gradually with the increase of the soil water content (SWC), suggesting the effect of habitat filtration on communities structuring weakened and biological interactions strengthened gradually. (2) There were no significant correlation between the phylogenetic community structure and the mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation. (3) There were significant differences in the phylogenetic community structure between shrubs in typical desert habitat and in river valley (river floodplain) habitat, respectively, and showing phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion, while the phylogenetic diversity of the shrub communities in river valley (river floodplain) habitat was also significantly higher than that of them in typical desert habitat. (4) Applying the community phylogenetic information to the practice of biodiversity conservation, we found that the shrub communities in river valley (river floodplain) habitat might have a higher conservation value than that in typical desert habitat. The study indicated that the integration of community phylogenetic research and conservation biology theory will make the biodiversity conservation strategy more scientific and efficient.

Abstract:Distribution (county) of every species in Fagaceae of China was searched by plant professional websites, published papers and books. Geographic Information System was used in the paper. Indices of spatial diversity patterns were gotten based on the county and Fagaceae of China. The patterns of every genus and type were studied quantitatively. Results showed that: (1) in Fagaceae of China, patch richness, diversity indices, number of all patches and total shape index in Cyclobalanopsis, Quercus, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus are significantly higher than those in Formanodendron, Castanea and Fagus. There is a patch in Formanodendron, so spatial diversity patterns in genera and species are the same. Formanodendron is different from other genera in spatial diversity patterns. (2) In Fagaceae of China, there are positive correlations between indices of spatial diversity patterns in other genera. These indices are patch richness, diversity indices, number of all patches and total shape index. The correlations between total area and number of all patches, diversity indices or total shape index are positive, but the correlation between total largest patch index and evenness index is negative. (3) All indices, such as area of patch type, percentage of the genus, number of patches, largest patch index and shape index, decrease as value of patch type increases in every genus except for Formanodendron. The correlation between patch type and every index is negative. All correlations are significant. (4) Patch types including 1-7 species cover main distribution range of the genus because total area or number of patch of these types are more than 80% that of the genus in Cyclobalanopsis, Quercus, Castanopsis or Lithocarpus of Fagaceae in China. The value of every index in patch types which number of species is more than 7, is lower because the distribution range of every type is narrower, but its diversity is higher.

Abstract:The Mu Us sandy land is located in the transitional zone from arid and semiarid to semihumid areas in China, and the study of species diversity and flora composition of natural plants have special significance. Based on the field investigation and statistics of natural plant species, the composition of the families, genera and species and flora composition of natural plants in the Mu Us sandy land are analyzed and compared with the adjacent sandy (desert) flora. (1) This area contains totally 772 species of natural plants, which belong to 90 families and 360 genera. The flora is relatively rich and the vegetation types are diverse, and the dominant families are obvious. The proportion of single species and few species account for 73.45%. (2) The natural flora of Mu Us sandy land is divided into 10 arealtypes and 4 variations in 90 families, and 360 genera are divided into 15 arealtypes and 10 variations.（3）The flora of Mu Us sandy land is dominated by Cosmopolitan, and the flora of the genus is mainly distributed in Temperate.There was a better pertinence between the characteristics of plants flora with the geographical location and climate. (4) The flora of Mu Us sandy land is very closed to Hunshandake sandy land, and less colosed to Kubuqi desert, Ulanbug desert and Kumtag desert. The results show that the flora of Mu Us sandy land is obviously distributed from Temperate to Mediterranean,West Asia and Central Asia.

Abstract:Deparia otomasui (Sa.Kurata) Seriz. is reported as a new record from Tiantangzhai Town, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, China. The species was found only in Japan before. D. otomasui has a long creeping rhizome, 1pinnatepinnatifid lamina, papery, lustrous and glabrescent frond. It is a morphologically unique species in the genus Deparia. Description of morphological characters, insitu photographs, illustrations and an identification key to some of the species of the genus Deparia in Anhui are given in this paper. The conservation assessments are also presented. Voucher specimens are deposited in Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium (CSH).