Abstract:To explore the transmission characters of chromosomes from Thinopyrum elongatum in the background of durum, The lines Du_No.2 and Du_No.4 derived from a cross between Tritileytrigia 8801 (AABBEE) and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (AABB) were characterized by chromosomespecific molecular markers, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (NDFISH). The results showed that: (1) the molecular markers could amplify the specific bands of 2E and 4E chromosomes of Th. elongatum from line Du_No.2 and Du_No.4, respectively. (2) The analysis of GISH and NDFISH showed that the lines Du_No.2 and Du_No.4 were respectively added with a 2E and 4E chromosome, indicating that the line Du_No.2 and Du_No.4 were durumTh. elongatum 2E and 4E monosomic addition lines, respectively. (3) The meiosis process of two lines showed that both lines have E chromosome segregation abnormalities in anaphase Ⅰ, Ⅱ and telophase Ⅱ, and the abnormal rates of lines Du_No.2 and Du_No.4 were 22.24% and 36.18%, respectively. (4) PCR analysis of the progeny of the two lines with the durum showed that the transmission rates of 2E and 4E chromosomes through male gametes were 4.41% and 2.17%, respectively, while the transmission rates through female gametes were zero, indicating that 2E and 4E chromosomes could be transmitted by male gametes in the background of durum, but not through female gametes. This study provided a basis for the establishment of a complete set of durumTh. elongatum disomic addition lines and substitution lines.

Abstract:The bHLH transcription factor family, one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, has been reported to involve in plant growth and salt stress response. In this study, homologous cloning was used to acquire the MtbHLH148 gene from barrel clover (Medicago truncatula). qRTPCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of MtbHLH148 gene in barrel clover. The overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis through agrobacterium infection, so as to analyze the related functions of salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. The result shows: (1) the full length of MtbHLH148 cDNA was 1 343 bp, Which contained 603 bp open reading frame and encoding 201 amino acids. The theoretical pI of MtbHLH148 protein was 11.76 and whoes molecular weight was 22.7 kD. Protein structure analysis showed that the protein had no transmembrane domain, no signal peptide and it was a hydrophilic protein. This gene contained highly conserved bHLH domains. As expected, the secondary structure was predominatly αhelix and random curl. (2) Subcellular localization results showed that the proteins were locate in the nucleus. (3) Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MtbHLH148 was closely related to Glycine max Analysis of the cisregulatory element demonstrated that the promoters of MtbHLH148 contained light, hormone and stress response elements, suggesting their involvement in the biological processes. (4) qRTPCR analysis of the expression pattern of the MtbHLH148 in barrel clover showed that the highest level in stem and the lowest level in leaf. For treatment, the genes were induced by ABA (100 μmol/L), and were repressed by cold (4 ℃) but upregulated by NaCl (200 mmol/L) within the first 8 h. (5) The pCAMBIA3301MtbHLH148 overexpression vector was successfully constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis. We obtained 16 resistant lines and identified 12 overexpressed lines. Among these overexpressed lines, the transgenic line OE8 had the highest expression level. Analysis of salttolerance function of OE8 showed that a significantly higher germination rate was observed in spite of their indiscernible phenotypic difference from wild type. Statistical analysis showed that the root length of the transgenic seedlings overexpressing MtbHLH148 was about 1.5 times of the nontransgenic plants, suggesting enhanced salt tolerance. Based on these results, we infer that MtbHLH148 may play a regulatory role in plant response to salinity.

Abstract:In this study, the selfincompatible line variety ‘Aijiaohuang’ of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino was used as the experimental material. The BcMLPK gene was constructed into the pTY vector by VIGS technique and quantitatively analyzed, to research the function of BcMLPK gene in selfincompatibility. The results showed that: (1) the BcMLPK gene sequence has a length of 1 443 bp and encodes 480 amino acids. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of BcMLPK protein with MLPK amino acids of other species indicates that the BcMLPK gene has a highly conserved domain with other genes. (2) Construction of pTYBcMLPK vector, using the gene gun method to infect ‘Aijiaohuang’, the new true leaves have obvious symptoms such as mosaic, select the diseased leaves and flower buds for realtime quantitative qRTPCR identification. The expression level of BcMLPK gene in the infected plants was about 50% of the control group. (3) The plants were selfpollinated at the flowering stage, and the experimental group had obvious podforming phenomenon, while the control group showed the pistil failed to elongate significantly, indicating abnormal fertilization. The statistical results showed that the selfincompatibility index and seed setting rate of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. Studies have shown that the silencing of MLPK gene is able to inhibit the expression of BcMLPK transcriptional level of the selfincompatible gene of ‘Aijiaohuang’.

Abstract:RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase play an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. In this study, we isolated a RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase gene PnLOG2 from Pharbitis purpurea. The gene ID was XM_019321049.1. The length of open reading frame was predicted to be 912 bp (51-992 bp)using ORF Finder. PnLOG2 encoded a protein of 303 residues with a predicted molecular weight of 34.38 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.14. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PnLOG2 gene was clustered with tomato E3 ubiquitin ligase gene. Tissue specific analysis showed that the expression levels of PnLOG2 in different tissues was detected. And the PnLOG2 was highly expressed in the old stem and new leaves. The qRTPCR data showed that the expression levels of PnLOG2 were significantly inducted by drought, salt and alkali stresses in the roots and leaves of P. purpurea. Further, ectopic expression of PnLOG2 in yeast cells enhanced the tolerance to salt and drought stresses, but decreased the tolerance to alkali stress. Therefore, we identified the function of PnLOG2 gene in response to drought, salt and alkali stresses, and provided a theoretical basis for further study RINGtype E3 ubiquitin in abiotic stress.

Abstract:Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are one of the crucial enzymes scavenging reactive oxygen species in plant cells and closely related to plant stress tolerance. In this study, six MaGPX genes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) were cloned from ‘Hong guo 2’ by RTPCR. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the MaGPX protein sequences had a typical domain of plant GPXs and Cys residue, with a high similarity to the AtGPX from Arabidopsis thaliana. The subcellular localization results indicated that MaGPX1, MaGPX2, MaGPX3 and MaGPX6 were possibly located in the plasma membrane, cytosol and nucleus, while MaGPX4 was chloroplastic isoenzyme and MaGPX5 was potentially active in the plasma membrane, suggesting that MaGPX might have diversified function. The qRTPCR results showed that MaGPX genes were detected in shoots, leaves, roots, staminate flowers, pistillate flowers and fruits. MaGPX1, MaGPX3 and MaGPX5 were highly expressed in roots and staminate flowers. MaGPX2 transcripts were high in staminate flowers. MaGPX4 showed the high transcription levels in leaves and staminate flowers. Transcripts of MaGPX6 were mainly accumulated in fruits. The expression of MaGPX genes was induced by drought stress and the expression levels varied with treatment time and stress degree. MaGPX1, MaGPX2 and MaGPX3 might play a significant role in scavenging ROS and maintaining intracellular redox balance. These results will contribute greatly to further study of the physiological function of MaGPX genes in Morus alba L.

Abstract:In this study, a flavonoid glycosyltransferase gene in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway was isolated from petals of Muscari ameniacum and designated as MaGT1(GenBank accession was MK652470). The fulllength of ORF was 1 338 bp ,encoding 445 amino acids . The molecular weight of the predicted enzyme was 49.301 kD and the pI value was 5.40. The results of structural analysis revealed that the deduced MaGT1 protein contains a typical conserved PSPG motif, an UDPglycosyltransferase family domain and an UDPglucuronosyltransferase/glucosyltransferase domain (UDPGT). The results of evolutionary analysis showed that MaGT1 protein is closely related to Elaeis guineensis, Phoenix dactylifera and Vitis vinifera and belongs to the flavonoid glycoside glycosyltransferase branch, with UDPglucose/rhamnose as the main sugar donor. Anthocyanin content assay showed that anthocyanins only accumulate in the flowers of M. ameniacum, but almost no anthocyanins were accumulated in roots, bulbs and leaves, and uncolored flower buds (S1), and with the flower development process, the content of anthocyanins increased continuously and reached the highest in the decay period (S5). The results of realtime PCR showed that the expression of MaGT1 gene has significant spacetime specificity. It is predominantly expressed in flower tissues and is rarely expressed in roots, bulbs and leaves. At different flower development stages, the expression level of MaGT1 gene increased with flower development and peaked at the fully opened petal stage. The results showed that the catalytic reaction of MaGT1 protein is an important modification step in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. This study provides a basis for further study of the function of MaGT1 gene in the synthesis and regulation of anthocyanins in M. ameniacum.

Abstract:In this study，the fulllength sequence of LbHXK gene was cloned from ‘Ningqi No. 1’ ( Lycium barbarum L.) fruit by RTPCR, and was 1 494 bp. LbHXK gene contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) and encoded a polypeptid of 498 amino acids. The protein molecular weight was 53.88 kD and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.96. The LbHXK protein possessed a remarkable feature of the hexokinase family, including a ribosomal small subunit substructure of hexokinase (Gly91Val228) and a ribosomal big subunit substructure of hexokinase (Asn229Asp476). The tertiary structure of protein was V type and had a glucosebinding domain. Homologous gene comparison indicated that LbHXK had more high similarity with tobacco hexokinase genes (93.36% homology) in Solanaceae. The change of LbHXK expression was founded in different plant tissues by quantitative realtime PCR. LbHXK expressed in the highest in leaves and the lowest in roots, and there was no significant difference between different plant tissues. LbHXK expression of fruits showed a trend on first rising and then falling during fruit ripening, among which, reached on the highest level at coloring fruit phase (22 days after full bloom), and reached the lowest at the fruit ripening stage, and was significantly higher at earlymiddle stage than at latter stage of fruit development. This study would providd a foundation on further researching for function of LbHXK.

Abstract:In order to investigate the function of heat shock protein gene in Cucurbita moschata, we isolated the open reading frames (ORFs) of three HSP70 genes from C. moschata using transcriptome sequencing and RTPCR methods and named CmHSP701, CmHSP702 and CmHSP703. Their sequence length were 1 998, 1 941 and 2 118 bp, encoding 666, 647 and 706 amino acids, respectively. Protein sequence analysis showed that all three CmHSP70 were hydrophilic proteins with typical conserved domains of NBD and SBD. CmHSP701 contained signal peptide and transmembrane structure, and it was mainly located in endoplasmic reticulum. CmHSP702 and CmHSP703 did not contain signal peptide and transmembrane structure, and they were mainly located in cytoplasm and chloroplast, respectively. Homologous comparison and evolutionary analysis revealed that three CmHSP70 had the highest consistency with the HSP70 of Momordica charantia, Cucumis melo and Cucumis sativus, and the genetic distance was the closest. The qRTPCR analysis showed that three CmHSP70 could be induced in roots, stems, immature leaves and mature leaves by 42 ℃, and the expression level had obvious tissue specificity, with the highest in mature leaves. Under high temperature conditions, three CmHSP70 in mature leaves could be expressed in response to heat stress in a short time (0-2 h), especially CmHSP702. It is speculated that CmHSP702 may play an important regulatory role in the process of heat stress in C. moschata. The results provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the function of HSP70 and elucidating the thermotolerance mechanism of C. moschata.

Abstract:The CPP (cysteinerich polycomblike protein) transcription factor family has a small number of members and is widely distributed in plants and animals. It plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and responding to abiotic stress. In this study, 10 CsCPP transcription factors were obtained by systematic identification of the tea plant genome, all of which have typical CXC domains. The phylogenetic analysis divided the CsCPP family members into four categories (A-D), and most of the members were closer to the evolutionary relationship of the grapes. The CXC domains of class A and class C members were distributed at the Nterminus of the protein sequence, while the class B and class D members were distributed at the Cterminus. The expression analysis of tea plant tissues indicated that CsCPP transcription factors were highly expressed in the growing active apical buds and young leaves. The order of expression of different tissues was mainly: apical buds and young leaves> roots and stems> mature leaves and fruits> old leaves and flowers. Promoter analysis revealed a large number of ABA and drought response elements in the promoter region of the CsCPP family members. The expression levels of six CsCPP members under drought treatment increased to varying degrees. Four of them were upregulated after ABA treatment, suggesting that CsCPP transcription factor may play a positive role in ABAdependent drought stress response. The expression of most CsCPP members was slightly downregulated under low temperature treatment, while the CsCPP2 and CsCPP6 reached more than 2fold at 6 h. These results laid the foundation for further exploration of the function of tea plant CPP transcription factor family.

Abstract:In this experiment, tobacco suspension cell BY2 was used as the material, and 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃ was added to the tobacco suspension cells, and the suspension cell solution treatment with equal volume of deionization water was used as a control. And, according to the above experimental results, 0.15 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃ was selected, 5 mmol·L^-1 DMTU (H₂O₂ inhibitor), 20 μmol·L^-1 CaCl₂, 15 μmol·L^-1 LaCl₃ (Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor) and 50 μmol·L^-1 ATP was used to analyze the effects of extracellular ATP (eATP) on plant cell death and intracellular H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ induced by aluminum ion (Al³⁺) stress and to reveal plant the possible mechanism of eATP in regulating cell death under Al³⁺ stress, and further extend the perception of eATP function. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of AlCl₃ concentration, the levels of cell death and intracellular H₂O₂ were increased, while the levels of intracellular Ca²⁺and eATP were decreased; (2) Application of DMTU (dimethylthiourea, a scavenger of H₂O₂) and exogenous Ca²⁺ effectively attenuated the AlCl₃induced cell death, while barium trichloride (LaCl₃, the Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor) aggravated the AlCl₃induced cell death, indicating that AlCl3induced cell death is regulated by H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺; (3) The addition of exogenous ATP effectively impeded the increase of intracellular H₂O₂ production and decrease of intracellular Ca²⁺ under AlCl₃ stress, and the cell death induced by AlCl₃ were also alleviated by exogenous ATP. It can be seen that aluminuminduced cell death is regulated by changes in H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ levels, and extracellular ATP affects the aluminuminduced cell death by regulating H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ levels.Theses observations indicated that the level of cell death and intracellular H₂O₂ were increased, while the level of intracellular Ca²⁺ and eATP were decreased in a dosedependent manner under Al³⁺ stress. It can be seen that aluminuminduced cell death is regulated by changes in H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ levels, and extracellular ATP affects the aluminuminduced cell death by regulating H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ levels. We predicated that Al³⁺ stress may destroy the synergistic relationship between H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ in cells by inhibiting calcium channel, and the alleviation effect of exogenous ATP on Al³⁺ induced H₂O₂ elevation may be due to its enhanced antioxidant capacity.

Abstract:In order to determine the reproductive effects of soil pollution on Chinese Cyatheaceae and explore the underlying causes of the endangered species of Chinese Cyatheaceae and other endangered ferns, were cultured the spores of nine species of Chinese Cyatheaceae to be mature gametophytes in the surface soil from their source area. The aberration types of gametophytes were observed and the aberration rate was calculated. And the spores of three representative species of genera, Sphaeropteris lepifera, Gymnosphaera gigantea and Alsophila costularis, were taken respectively. MS medium was taken as the control group, the gametophytes were cultured under univariate stress of 5 mg·kg^-1 Pb²⁺and 1 mg·kg^-1 Cd²⁺, respectively, and then the types of morphological aberration of gametophytes and their aberration rates were compared and observed. The results showed that: (1) it was observed that 17 morphological aberrations occurred in the gametophyte culture of 9 kinds of Chinese Cyatheaceae, including four differentiation aberration, seven rhizoid aberration, four cell aberration and two reproductive organs aberration. (2) The aberration gametophytic ratio on different media——control group, soils from source area, Cd²⁺ stress, and Pb²⁺ stress was 2.28%, 12.61%, 31.58% and 33.58% in turn. (3) The types and rates of gametophyte aberration in all 9 types of Cyatheaceae were positively correlated with the stress degree of the medium, the development of their gametophytes has been seriously damaged by soil pollution. (4) Resistance of gametophytes of three species of Cyatheaceae to soil environmental stress from strong to weak, in turn, was Gymnosphaera, Sphaeropteris, and Alsophila. (5) There was a stable relationship between the diversity of morphological aberration and stress conditions of the gametophytes.

Abstract:Effects of shading on photosynthesis characteristics and leaf anatomical structure of Cercidiphyllum japonicum seedlings were researched. Four shade treatments including full sunlight (L₀), 55% sunlight (L₁), 25% sunlight (L₂) and 10% sunlight (L₃) were set. The results showed that: (1) shading had an significant effect on daily variation characteristics of photosynthesis of seedlings. The changes of P_n under L₁ treatment were similar to L₀, and showed rough “乁”shape, and the “noon break” did not appear in the course of the day, and the peak value appeared at 14:00 AM, that of other treatments was relatively mild, and the peak value appeared at 12:00 AM. The variation curve of G_s similar to _Pn, and C_i showed the basically concave change. (2) The order of daily average of P_n, G_s and T_r was L₀ > L₁ > L₂ > L₃, and the order of C_i was versa. Correlation analysis showed that P_n was positively correlated with G_s, T_r, T_a and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (P < 0.01). (3) The photosynthesislight response characteristics under different treatments were obviously different. Under full sunlight, the light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP) and dark respiration rate (R_d) of seedlings were significantly higher than that under shading. The seedlings can maintain high P_n without obvious light inhibition, and C. japonicum seedlings had the ability of light tolerance in a certain degree, and showed the property of light demander. Shading resulted in a significant decrease of LCP, LSP and R_d, which was conducive to the growth of seedings under low light conditions. (4) Shading significantly affected the stomatal distribution on leaf surface. Under shading treatments, the stomatal density was smaller compared with the control, but the length of stomata, width of stomata and single stomatal area increased significantly. The percentage of stomatal area reduced, which will affect water and gas delivery between inside and outside of the seedling cells. (5) Under shading, the leaf thickness decreased, the upper epidermis thickened and the lower epidermis thinned. The thickness of palisade tissue (PT) decreased, sponge tissue (ST) was increased, and the PT/ST decreased accordingly. (6) Shading affects the growth form of C. japonicum seedlings. Compared with the control, the seedlings growth were inhibited under intensive shading(L₂ and L₃), the height(H) and basal diameter(D) decreased, and D₂H dwindled accordingly, while the mild shading (L₁) had no significant effects on H, D, H/D and D₂H of seedlings. So the ecological width of C. japonicum seedlings to the light was wide. In forest seedlings production, moderate shading is beneficial to reduce air temperature and reduce transpiration, but the PAR in the field should be kept above 55% of natural light intensity.

Abstract:Cucumber leaf was treatment with different concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as NAP, PHE, FLA, BaA and BaP mixture by the smear method. We studied the effects of PAHs on growth, physiological performance, and quality of cucumber and to understand their patterns of accumulations in different parts. Objective was to investigate the growth effects and toxicity mechanisms for vegetable with PAHs stress. The result showed that：(1) with PAHs treatment concentration rising, PAHs accumulation in seven parts of cucumber firstly ascended then descended. The highest PAHs contents were in leaves for the vegetative organ, the lowest contents in flesh for the fruit. (2) Low concentration of PAHs stress had positive effects on cucumber plant height, stem diameter, root length, leaf length, leaf width, fruit longitudinal stem, fruit cross stem and single fruit weight, whereas medium and high concentrations had negative impacts. (3) With PAHs treatment, leaf SOD and CAT activities reduced, MDA activity firstly ascended then descended. With intermediate concentration PAHs stress, POD activity obviously enhanced. (4) Low concentration of PAHs stress had positive effects on cucumber fruit vitamin C, soluble protein, titrate acid, whereas medium and high concentrations had negative impacts, the reduced soluble sugar and soluble solids were inhibited by PAHs. The study considers the PAHs had distribution characteristics in cucumber and the part easier to absorb and accumulate PAHs that exposed directly to the atmosphere. As a typical organic pollutant, PAHs have brought about harms also plays a positive role in growth and development of cucumber. There are certain threshold values for the leaves absorption of PAHs and the positive or negative effects on physiological characteristics of cucumber.

Abstract:The 19 tested cultivars were selected from the grape germplasm resources pool of Turpan Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We determined 12 physiological indexes, such as gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities and proline content, in grape leaves under field condition during the middle period of local natural high temperature (July, Daily maximum air temperature＞35 ℃). We furtherly evaluated the heat tolerance of different varieties by fuzzy membership function analysis and optimal segmentation clustering of ordered samples. Investigated physiological response to high temperature and evaluated heat tolerance of different grape cultivars, which would provide a theoretical basis for taking appropriate cultivation managements to reduce the impact of high temperature and breeding of high temperature tolerance grape varieties. The results showed that: (1) in the natural high temperature condition, the 19 tested grape varieties responded differently to high temperature. ‘Red Globe’, ‘Fujiminori’ , ‘Beta’ and ‘Hetianhuang’ had strong heat tolerance, while ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Hongqi Tezaomeigui’ , ‘Shuijing Wuhe’, ‘Victoria’ , ‘Yatomi Rosa’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ had weak heat tolerance. (2) Among the 12 physiological indexes, malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activities were mostly different in various grape varieties. The strong heat tolerance grape cultivar ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Fujiminori’ had relatively lower malondialdehyde content, ‘Beta’ and ‘Hetianhuang’ had relatively higher malondialdehyde content, but they hadhigher activities of antioxidant enzymes. (3) The result of fuzzy membership function analysis showed that the cumulative membership value(AR) of each physiological index is consistent with the apparent heat resistance performance, which AR can be a potential index to evaluate the heat tolerance of grape varieties. Further cluster analysis classified the tested cultivars as strong, medium and weak. ‘Red Globe’, ‘Fujiminori’, Beta and ‘Hetianhuang’ had stronger heat tolerance.

Abstract:The objective was to examine the shootemergence of dwarf bamboos in Pbcontained soil. In this regard, we selceted six kinds of dwarf bamboo ［namely, Sasa auricoma (Mitford) E.G.Camus, Sasa fortunei (Van Houtte) Fiori, Sasa argenteostriata (Regel) E.G.Camus, Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai, Sasaella glabra (Nakai) f. albostriata Muroi, Shibataea lanceifolia C. H. Hu］ and treated with three doses Pb concentrations (0, 300, 1 500 mg·kg^-1) to investigate the quantity of shoot emergence and physiological stress resistance characteristics when exposed to soil Pb stress. Results showed that: (1) the effects of soil Pb stress on the shoot period rhythm of dwarf bamboo mainly in the shootemergence period (April to May). The shoot emergence numbers of most bamboo species decreased accompany with degenerated shoot rate, so that to make it possible to stabilize the numbers of new bamboo shoot. Only that in Sasa fortunei, Sasaella glabra and Shibataea lanceifolia emerged a significantly lower tendency on numbers of new shoot under high concentration soil Pb stress when compared with CK, which decreases by 15.87%, 23.64% and 31.25%, respectively. (2) Soil Pb stress induced a surge in contents of O₂^-· and MDA of generally in new shoots. Both of them were presented with the lowestcontained in Sasa argenteostriata (9.96 μg·g^-1, 0.016 μmol·g^-1), while the highestcontained of O₂^-· and MDA appeared in Shibataea lanceifolia (15.99 μg·g^-1) and Sasa auricoma (0.021 μmol·g^-1), respectively. (3) As a result of being not capable of accumulating enormous free proline, which caused a weak osmotic regulation in Sasaella glabra and Shibataea lanceifolia, when compared with the other 4 species. (4) The tolerance of six dwarf bamboos to high concentration Pb soil during shootemergence period was ranked as follows: Indocalamus decorus (0.79)＞ Sasa argenteostriata (0.75)＞Sasa fortunei (0.70)＞Shibataea lanceifolia (0.49)＞Sasaella glabra (0.39) ＞Sasa auricoma (0.38). Above all, Indocalamus decorus, Sasa argenteostriata and Sasa fortunei innately possessed a better physiological characteristics of stress resistance, along with a common regular quantity of new shoots, was considered to retain the superiority of remediation in high concentration of Pbcontained soil.

Abstract:We studied the growth，photosynthetic parameters，biomass and physiological characteristics of oneyearold Daemonorops jenkinsiana seedlings under shading, drought, and shadingdrought intercross stress in order to clarify the effect of shading and drought stresses on the growth and physiobiochemical characteristics of D. jenkinsiana. (1) As the increasing of shading rate, the plant height, ground diameter and numbers of functional leaves also increased, and the biomass, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), water use efficiency (WUE) increased initially, and subsequently decreased. (2) The physiological changes were also measured. The proline and soluble protein contents increased initially, and subsequently decreased as the increasing of shading rate. However, MDA content initially decreased and increased subsequently. Similar changing trend were found in the activities of SOD and POD. (3) The plant height, ground diameter, functional leaf number and biomass, P_n, T_r, WUE, Pro and SP contents increased significantly (P<0.05) and the MDA content and SOD activity decreased significantly (P<0.05) under the shading rate of 20%-30%. (4) The increasing degree of drought stress resulted in the obvious reduce of plant height, ground diameter, leaf number and biomass, P_n, T_r, WUE (P<0.05). On the contrary, the SOD and POD activities enhanced and the MDA and Pro contents increased. It was suggested that both shading and drought had influenced the growth of D. jenkinsiana. However, D. jenkinsiana could adapted certain degree of drought and light intensity by altering the photosynthesis and metabolism, even altering plant phenotype. Moderate shading could improve the growth of D. jenkinsiana, and remitted the disadvantage caused by drought conditions.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the responses of physiological indexes of Iris lactea var. chinensis to cadmium stress and provide theoretical instructions to the further research of cadmium tolerance and tolerance mechanism for I. lactea var. chinensis, we carried out a water culture experiment to study the effects of different concentration of cadmium (0，10，25，50，100 and 150 mg·L^-1) on the growth, root morphology and partial physiological indexes of I. lacteal seedlings. The results showed that: (1) at lower Cd²⁺ treatments (10~25 mg·L^-1), the plant height, the shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total root length, root surface area, root volume and root activity of I. lactea var. chinensis were higher than those of the control and all of them decreased at higher Cd²⁺ levels (50~150 mg·L^-1), which mainly manifested as the plant height, root dry weight and total root length were lower than that of control, and root surface area, root volume and root activity of I. lactea var. chinensis were significantly lower than that of control. (2) With increasing concentrations of Cd²⁺, the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content (MDA), peroxidase activity (POD), catalase activity (CAT) and proline content (Pro) of I. lactea var. chinensis in both roots and leaves increased, but soluble protein content (SP) increased firstly and decreased afterwards. The superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased firstly and decreased in roots with increasing concentrations of Cd²⁺, while the activity of SOD in leaves increased continuously. (3) When the Cd²⁺ concentration rises, the Cd²⁺ content in both roots and leaves increased, and the Cd²⁺ content in roots was 829.39~8 944.54 mg·kg^-1, while the Cd²⁺ content in shoots was 200.60~519.76 mg·kg^-1, and the Cd²⁺ translocation factors were always less than 1 (0.06~0.32), suggesting that cadmium is mainly accumulated in the root of I. lactea var. chinensis seedlings, and only a few Cd²⁺ of roots were transferred to shoots. Overall, the findings suggest that I. lactea var. chinensis could increase the antioxidant enzyme activities, maintain osmotic equilibrium and scavenge excess free radicals by limiting translocation of Cd²⁺ from roots to shoots, thereby improving its Cd²⁺ tolerance.

Abstract:The material is ‘Xinluzao 36’ transformed with GhCAD6 gene obtained by Agrobacteriummediated transformation. In this study, the T₆ generation of the transgenic material was used as experimental material. The integration of GhCAD6 gene in the genome of cotton, the expression in different developmental stages of cotton fiber, the content of structural polysaccharides and phenylpropanoid compounds in the cotton fiber, and the influence of the fiber in the phenylpropanoid monomer were analyzed. The results showed: (1) GhCAD6 was integrated in the form of single copy to the recipient cotton genome. (2) The expression level of GhCAD6 in the transgenic plants was lower than that in the control samples at the same developmental stage. The expression of GhCAD6 was increased firstly, reached the highest at 20 DPA and then decreased in the control samples. While the expression decreased at 15 DPA in the transgenic plant fibers, rose to the highest level at 20 DPA, and then decreased. (3) In mature fibers, the content of phenylpropanoid compounds in the transgenic plants was lower than that in the control samples, and the content of structural polysaccharides had no significant difference. (4) The ratio of S/G decreased in cotton fiber of transgenic plants. After the GhCAD6 gene transferred into cotton, the change of GhCAD6 gene expression at 15 DPA may be the cause of the change of content of phenylpropanoid compounds and ratio of structural monomer, which result in the variation of cotton fiber quality. The results of this research can provide theoretical basis for further analysis of the mechanism of GhCAD6 gene in improving cotton fiber quality.

Abstract:Through field investigation and data collation, the flora composition and distribution types of Pteridophytes in Meihua Mountain Nature Reserve were analyzed, and the similarities between the Pteridophyte Flora of Meihua Mountain Nature Reserve and the four adjacent nature reserves were compared. The results show that: (1) there are 189 species of pteridophytes belonging to 83 genera and 42 families in Meihuashan Nature Reserve. The dominant composition of families and genera is obvious, and the flora originates from ancient times. (2) The distribution types are mainly pantropical and worldwide at the level of families and genera, and mainly tropical Asia, East Asia and endemic to China at the level of species. The tropical relatives are obvious and have the character of transition from tropical to temperate zone. (3) Geographically, the fern flora of Lingyeshan Mountain is closely related to the fern flora, followed by Guilongshan Mountain. The fern flora of Nanjing South Asian Tropical Rainforest Nature Reserve and the typical Wuyishan Nature Reserve of Central Subtropical Nature Reserve are far away from each other. They have obvious characteristics of the transition from South subtropical to Central Subtropical.

Abstract:The distribution sites of every species in Moraceae of China were gotten in the websites of Flora Reipubliace Popularis Sinicae, eFlora of China, National Specimen Information Infrastructure, and the relevant books and papers. The site is accurate to county of China. Geographic Information System is used in the paper. Spatial data with 12 genera of Moraceae is composed of every county. Spatial distribution map of genera is made. Spatial similarity coefficient is calculated. Spatial diversities and differences between genera in Moraceae are analyzed. (1) Morus is the most widely distributed in all genera and Maclura is the most narrowly distributed in China. (2) Spatial similarity coefficients between Maclura and other genera are low (0-0.044 4). The coefficients between Maclura and Antiaris, Malaisia are 0. These mean that there are little overlapping areas between Maclura and other genera in spatial distribution. The coefficients between Ficus and Broussonetia, Cudrania are 0.739 4, 0.679 5. This means that there are more overlapping areas between the three genera. The spatial distribution of the Antiaris is from tropical to subtropical region. (3) The diversity centers (protected areas) of all genera are in tropical and subtropical zones in Moraceae of China. Artocarpus and Humulus are in Yunnan, but Streblus is in Hainan. The diversity centers of Cudrania have expanded from tropical and south subtropics to middle subtropics. There are 98 species in Ficus of China. Diversity centers of Ficus are in southeast Gansu, northeast Guizhou, southern Yunnan, southwest Guangxi, southern Taiwan and western Hainan. There are 11 species in Morus of China. Diversity centers of Morus are in southern Chongqing, southern Hubei, northwest Hunan, central and southern Guizhou, eastern Yunnan and western Guangxi. The results suggest that diversity centers of genera in Moraceae of China have their own characteristics. It is more accurate to study on spatial distribution and diversity of Moraceae based on county, which can determine the minimum range to protect genera of Moraceae. The results support that centers of differentiation and transition in Morus are in Guizhou.

Abstract:Aongstroemia julacea (Hook.) Mitt., a species of the family Aongstroemiaceae from Xizang is described in China for the first time. Morphological characteristics of this species are described. The habitat, geographical distribution, and morphological comparison with related species are discussed. The illustrations and the key to the Chinese species of Aongstroemia are provided. The voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium of China Agricultural University (BAU).

Abstract:According to the fourth national survey on Chinese material medical resources in Tibet autonomous region Medog County, 2 newly recorded genera and 2 newly recorded species are reported. They are Aspidocarya, Tubocapsicum, Acer erianthum Schwer. And Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb., respectively. All of them are traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium of Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology (XZE).