Abstract:This study used Gossypium barbadense Xinhai 21 and Gossypium hirsutum ND203 as well as model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to explore the function of Gossypium barbadense GbHCT13 gene (GenBank accession number MW048849) in fiber development through transgenic and fluorescence quantitative detection methods. The results showed as follows: (1) the recombinant vector pCAMBIA3301GbHCT13 was successfully constructed, and 4 Arabidopsis T₃ transgenic plants with GbHCT13 gene were identified by Agrobacterium mediated transformation, herbicide resistance gene screening, and fluorescence quantitative detection. QRTPCR analysis showed that the expression of GbHCT13 gene in transgenic plants was significantly increased compared with that of wild type. (2) The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpression of GbHCT13 made the plant grow more vigorously than the wild type at the same period, and the plant shape, leaf number, moss number and stem surface fur number were different from the wild type. Histochemical analysis showed that compared with wildtype stem, the primary xylem of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana grew more active, the ducts were thickened, and the cross section area of ductal cell wall in secondary xylem was larger, but the medulla cells had no significant changes. Overexpression of GbHCT13 changed lignin synthesis pathway genes in Arabidopsis to different extent, and CAD, CCoAOMT, PAL and 4CL were positively correlated with the expression of GbHCT13. (3) Through field screening and molecular identification, 3 transgenic cotton plants with GbHCT13 gene were successfully obtained. The cotton fiber elongation and fiber strength of GbHCT13 transgenic cotton increased. The silencing of GbHCT13 gene reduced the lignin content of cotton plants, the number of stem surface fur, the number of xylem vessel cells and the lignin deposition in the vessel cell wall, but the cotton plants did not have obvious dwarf phenomenon on the plant height. Moreover, the expression of CAD, CCoAOMT, CCR and PAL 4 genes in lignin synthesis pathway all showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the inhibition of GbHCT13 impeded the growth and metabolism of cotton and affected the initiation of fiber development. The results showed that GbHCT13 can affect lignin synthesis in cotton plants and regulate fiber growth and development, and its function is basically the same as that of GbHCT13 in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract:Flavonoids are important functional components of tartary buckwheat, and its glycosylation modification can change the stability, solubility and biological activity of flavonoids in organisms. Based on the analysis of transcriptome data of tartary buckwheat, we cloned the tartary buckwheat flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UDPglycose: flavonoid glycosyltransferase, UFGT) gene FtUFGT1 with RTPCR using the total RNA extracted from tartary buckwheat leaves. The recombinant expression vector was constructed by seamless cloning method and transformed into E.coli Rosetta (DE3) competent cell. The recombinant expressed protein was purified by GSTresin, and the catalytic properties of purified FtUFGT1 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that: (1) the cloned FtUFGT1 coding region was 1 413 bp, which encodes 470 amino acids, and the recombinant expression vector pGEX6P1FtUFGT1 was successfully constructed. (2) The tartary buckwheat FtUFGT1 gene expressed soluble protein in E.coli Rosetta (DE3), and highpurity FtUFGT1 was purified by GST affinity chromatography. (3) HPLC analysis showed that tartary buckwheat FtUFGT1 could catalyze the synthesis of isoquercetin with quercetin as the substrate, with a specific activity of 9.174 U/mg; the optimum temperature of recombinant FtUFGT1 is 30 ℃, and the optimum pH is 7.0. In addition, 5% (V/V) methanol and 0.5% (V/V) Triton X100 could significantly inhibit its activity. These results laid the foundation for further revealing the biological function of FtUFGT1 and catalyzing the synthesis of flavonoid derivatives in vitro.

Abstract:The nodulin 26like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) are a subclass of aquaporin, which plays an important role in the process of plant nutrient acquisition and stress response. In this study, we used a variety of bioinformatics software to conduct bioinformatics analysis of grape NIP family genes, and cloned four VvNIP genes by reverse transcription PCR. We used qRTPCR to analyze the expression characteristics of NIP genes under abiotic stress. The results showed: (1) a total of 8 NIP genes were identified in the grape genome and they were distributed on the 4 chromosomes of grapes, mainly located in the plasma membrane. The structure contains 6 transmembrane domains and two typical conserved NPA domains. Besides, there were many possible phosphorylation sites in the amino acid sequences. (2) Evolutionary analysis showed that the NIP genes of grape and Arabidopsis thaliana had high homology, the gene structure contained 4-6 gene structures with exons and the type and quantity of gene conserved sequences were similar. The 2 kb upstream of the gene promoter contains a variety of cisregulatory elements that responded to stress and hormones, the quantity difference may be related to the function of gene itself. (3) The expression levels of NIP family genes in different tissues were quite different. Most members had higher expression levels in leaves, and lower expression levels in stems. In addition, four VvNIP genes were cloned and their lengths were 789 bp, 606 bp, 897 bp and 789 bp, encoding 262, 201, 298 and 293 amino acids. (4) qRTPCR results showed that the expression levels of NIP genes in grape leaves were different under different stress treatments: most of the grape NIP genes were significantly downregulated under low temperature treatment; under salt stress, the other family genes except VvNIP21 and VvNIP42 were downregulated; VvNIP42 was significantly upregulated under drought stress. The results showed that VvNIP genes were responsive to multiple stresses, it provides a reference for the study of grape stress mechanism.

Abstract:Catalase gene (LbCAT) and glutathione peroxidase gene (LbGPX) were cloned from cutting lily (Lilium brownii var. viridulum)‘Corvara’cDNA. Sequence analysis showed that the two genes contained 1 479 bp and 519 bp, the opening reading frames (ORFs) were 492 and 172 amino acids, respectively. The evolutionary analysis showed that the amino acid sequences of LbCAT protein and CAT protein of Lilium regale had the highest consistency (99.19%) and the closest genetic relationship. The amino acid sequences of LbGPX protein and oil palm GPX protein had the highest consistency (78.61%) and the closest genetic relationship. The results of expression showed that LbCAT and LbGPX genes were transcribed in roots, bulbs, leaves and flowers. The leaves had the highest transcript profile of LbCAT and the flowers had the highest expression levels of LbGPX. These two genes were transcribed in different stages of lily buds and the expression levels increased following the buds growing . After PEG treatments, the transcription levels of the two genes surged, while the SLs treatments significantly lowed the two genes expression levels. These results provided a certain basis for the study and breeding of lily stress resistance.

Abstract:In this study, a flavanone 3hydroxylase (F3H) gene named EmF3H (GenBank: MW767838) was cloned from Euphorbia maculata with homologous cloning, RACE technology and TailPCR. The ORF of EmF3H is 1 092 bp, encoding 364 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the theoretical molecular weight of EmF3H protein is 40.93 kD, theoretical pI is 5.47 and EmF3H protein belongs to 2oxoglutaratede pendent dioxygenase protein family. EmF3H protein is 85.5% similar to VfF3H (ARV78456.1) and located on the independent evolutionary node in phylogenetic tree. The 1 604 bp sequence of EmF3H promoter was cloned by TailPCR and included TAATbox, CAATbox, light responsive element and so on. The analysis of realtime quantitative PCR indicated that EmF3H gene was expressed among different tissues during different growth periods, with the strongest expression in the roots at the flowering stage and the fruits at fruiting stage. These results will provide a foundation for further research on gene expression regulation of EmF3H gene and improving the biosynthesis pathway of quercetin in Euphorbia maculata.

Abstract:Megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and the development of female and male gametophyte of Clivia miniata Regel were studied using normal paraffin method in this paper. The results enriched C. miniata reproductive biological data and provided theoretical basis for the cultivation. In order to explore the anatomical characteristics of reproductive biology of C. miniata and provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of C. miniata. The main results are as follows: (1) C. miniata has four anther chambers and the tapetum is of secretory type. (2) Cytokinesis of microsporocyte meiotic division is of successive type, tetrad is bilatera and the mature pollen grains are twocelled. (3) The ovule is anatropous double integuments and crassinucellate. Embryo sac is of polygonum type. (4) The corresponding relationship between male and female gametophyte development was recorded, and it was found that male gametophyte development tended to synchronize and female gametophyte development was not synchronized. (5) The female gametophyte is still in the stage of tetraconucleus and octagonucleus embryo sac when the pollen began to spread. At the stage of mature embryo sac, the two polar nuclei of the central cell are located at the end of the antipodal cell, and the antipodal cell is degraded. There has a hypostase above the chalazal end.

Abstract:To investigate the karyotype characteristics and evolutionary relationships of different populations of Psammochloa villosa, we studied the karyotype of six populations of P. villosa in the Inner Mongolia Plateau using the traditional squashing method. The result showed that: (1) the chromosome number of six populations of P. villosa was constant, all of which were 2n = 2x = 46. (2) There was a total of four chromosome types including the center centromere type (M), centromeric subtype (m), subcentral centromere type (sm) and proximal centromeric type (st), and the amount of centromeric subtype is the largest in all populations. (3) The karyotype formulas were different among six populations of P. villosa. (4) There were four karyotype types of P. villosa, including 1A, 2A, 1B and 2B. The average arm ratio of chromosomes was 1.29-1.62, the length ratio was 1.73-2.68. (5) The karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 55.96%—59.95%, which implied the karyotype of P. villosa was symmetrical and primitive. More importantly, the karyotype asymmetry coefficient of 37 population of P. villosa was the largest among all the populations, and the evolution degree of it was much higher than that of others, whereas that of 34 population of P. villosa was the smallest, and the evolution degree was much lower than that of others. (6) The six populations of P. villosa were clustered into two categories. Among them, the 37 population of P. villosa was singly clustered into one group, while other populations were clustered into one group, and they had the relatively distant relationship. In the present study, we reported the karyotype characteristics and evolutionary relationship of different populations of P. villosa for the first time, which could provide the cytological evidence for systematic evolution and selection of fine germplasm resources of P. villosa in the future.

Abstract:Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is a common mutagen, which is widely used in crop mutation breeding. EMS is a kind of abiotic stress as well as mutagenesis of seeds, which can significantly reduce the germination rate of wheat seeds. In this experiment, wheat ‘Yangmai 15’ was used as experimental material. Seven EMS concentration gradients (0.0%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%) were set up, and each concentration was treated for three times (10 h, 12 h, 14 h). The effects of EMS treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) with the increase of EMS concentration and treatment time, the germination rate of wheat seeds gradually decreased; the growth of seedlings gradually slowed down, and the root length and leaf length significantly shortened. (2) With the increase of EMS concentration and treatment time, the degradation rate of amyloplasts in wheat endosperm slowed down. (3) Under the same treatment time, the higher the concentration of EMS, the shorter the root length, and the smaller the root crosssectional area, vascular bundle area and cortex area. The above results showed that EMS treatment could reduce the germination rate of wheat seeds, slow down the degradation rate of seed storage substances, and inhibit the growth of wheat roots.

Abstract:Iris hollandica is an important ornamental bulbous plant. In this study, to elucidate molecular mechanism of coloration, as well as anthocyanin accumulation in blue and mutant purple flowers, we used blue wild type ‘Zhanchi’ and purple mutant ‘Ziyun’ as materials to analyze flower color variation by anthocyanin determination, transcriptome sequencing and qRTPCR. The results show that: (1) the total anthocyanin content of purple mutant ‘Ziyun’ in inner tepals (392.7 μg· g^-1) was significantly lower than that of wild type ‘Zhanchi’ (543.5 μg· g^-1). Compared with ‘Zhanchi’, the content of three anthocyanins in ‘Ziyun’ significantly decreased ［The content of cyanidin3rutinoside decreased from 144.42 to 46.39 μg· g^-1 . The content of petuniacin3 (6rhamnosyl2xylosylglucoside) decreased from 61.86 to 31.67 μg· g^-1. The content of Cyanidin 3(2Gxylosylrutinoside) decreased from 25.22 to 7.65 μg· g^-1］. However, the content of 6hydroxycyanidin3glucoside increased from 5.88 to 10.34 μg· g^-1. (2) RNAseq analysis revealed that a total of 46 530 unigenes were obtained, compared with ‘Zhanchi’, ‘Ziyun’ had 43 upregulated genes and 73 downregulated genes. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that there were two differentially expressed genes in the anthocyanin pathway: chalcone synthase (CHS) gene (IhCHS1) and anthocyanin 3O glucose transferase (UFGT) gene (IhUFGT1), and both of them were down regulated. (3) qRTPCR showed that, the expression of IhUFGT1 increased in both varieties with the development of flowers, and reached the highest in early flowering period, and the expression in ‘Ziyun’ flower was significantly lower than that in ‘Zhanchi’. According to the study, significant change of four anthocyanin content may be the main reason for flower color change from wild type ‘Zhanchi’ to mutant ‘Ziyun’. The expression level of IhUFGT1 in purple ‘Ziyun’ flower was significantly lower than that in ‘Zhanchi’, which resulted in the change of anthocyanin content, and finally led to the change of flower color from blue purple to purple.

Abstract:In this study, the colonies of N. flagelliforme with different water loss treatments were used as the research material, and fully waterabsorbent state was used as a control. Highthroughput sequencing and qRTPCR techniques were used to detect the differential expression of photosynthesisrelated genes under drought stress, and the changes of photosynthetic pigments were also detected. The results showed that: (1) 113 photosynthesisrelated genes were differentially expressed under different degrees of drought stress, and 44, 74 and 91 photosynthesisrelated genes were differentially expressed in 30%, 75% and 100% dehydrated colonies, respectively. (2) The contents of phycobilin, chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased gradually with the drought intensifies, the Rubisco activity increased at first and then decreased but the activity of GAPDH decreased with the increase of drought stress. The results showed that N. flagelliforme regulates photosynthetic activity through the differential expression of photosynthesisrelated genes to adapt to drought stress. The research provides reference value for further research on the drought stress response mechanism of N. flagelliforme and lays a foundation for further understanding of the photosynthetic mechanism of N. flagelliforme drought tolerance.

Abstract:In the present study, we investigated the physiological mechanism of foliar spraying of exogenous melatonin (MT) on maize under drought stress and rewatering. The maize cultivar ‘Shaanke No.9’ applied with 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin was used as the experimental materials, the changes of leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf area, aboveground biomass, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined under severe drought stress and rewatering. The results suggested that: (1) foliar application of exogenous melatonin could alleviate the maize growth inhibited by drought stress. It also improved the effective quantum yield of PSⅡ and PSⅠ under drought stress ［Y(Ⅱ), Y(Ⅰ)］, decreased the PSⅠ receptor side limitation ［Y(NA)］ and donor side limitation ［Y(ND)］ of leaf photosynthetic apparatus after drought stress. (2) The melatonintreated plants exhibited lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced and the expression of antioxidant enzymes related genes were upregulated by melatonin treatment under drought stress. (3) After rehydration, compared with untreated maize, higher recovery rates of parameters were obverted in exogenous melatonintreated maize leaves. Consequently, foliar spraying of melatonin effectively alleviated the damage to photosynthetic apparatus of maize leaves under drought stress, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of related genes, significantly reduced the level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and substantially promoted the recovery of physiological functions of maize leaves after rehydration. In short, exogenous melatonin can improve the photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity of maize leaves under drought and recovery water, eventually promoting the plant growth to adapt to the stress environments.

Abstract:In order to clear the saltadaptive mechanisms of photosynthesis and physiobiochemistry of different peanut varieties in salt stress, we conducted pot experiment by setting 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g/kg NaCl concentration gradient, and tested the physiological index of salttolerant peanut varieties (HY25, LH12) and saltsensitive varieties (HH1, HY20), including photosynthetic traits (photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and stomatal conductance), antioxidant enzyme activities and contents of osmotic regulatory substances. The results showed as follows. (1) The NaCl stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis of peanut leaves. The net photosynthetic rate decreased obviously with the increase of salt stress concentration. (2) The net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves increased with the increase of light intensity, but it would level off when the light intensity reached a certain value. The difference of light compensation point and light saturation point was great among different peanut varieties or salt concentrations. The high salt stress concentration increased the light compensation point of leaves, but decreased the light saturation point of saltsensitive cultivars. (3) The apparent quantum efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate decreased significantly with the increase of salt stress intensity. The ability of using weak light in saltsensitive varieties were stronger than that in salttolerant varieties under low salt stress. In the stress of 3.0 g/kg NaCl concentration, the maximum net photosynthetic rates of saltsensitive varieties were significantly lower than that of salttolerant varieties, while the apparent quantum efficiency of the two species leaves had similar drop among 78.65%-88.00%. (4) The free water content of salttolerant variety leaves was significantly higher than that of saltsensitive variety leaves in salt stress. In 2.0-3.0 g/kg NaCl stress, the fluctuation of SOD, CAT, POD activities and MDA content in salttolerant varieties were lower than that in saltsensitive varieties. The antioxidant capacity of salttolerant varieties was significantly higher than that of saltsensitive varieties when NaCl concentration was less than 2.0 g/kg. The study found the major reasons that plants could tolerant salt stress were the increase of light compensation point, maximum net photosynthetic rate, leaves preserve water ability, metabolism, antioxidant and osmotic regulation ability under salt stress.

Abstract:In the current study, Phyllostachys edulis with uniform growth characteristics, which grew in consistent geographical environment, as the materials, we measured the difference of bamboo appearance quality (individual weight, maximum diameter, length, and edible rate), nutritional quality (starch, protein, fat, soluble sugar, and vitamin C), flavor substances (tannins and oxalic acid), cellulosic substances (cellulose and lignin), and different amino acids of winter bamboo shoots under irrigated and nonirrigated treatments. We aimed to explore the effect of irrigation on the shoot quality of P. edulis in winter, which provided the theoretical basis for the scientific cultivation of winter bamboo shoots. The results showed that: (1) the treatment of irrigation significantly increased the individual weight, maximum diameter, length, and edible rate of winter bamboo shoots (P<0.05). (2) The treatment of irrigation significantly increased the contents of starch, vitamin C, and reduced the contents of tannin, oxalic acid, cellulose, and lignin (P<0.05). The treatment of irrigation had no significant impact on the contents of protein, fat, and soluble sugar etc. (3) The treatment of irrigation significantly increased the contents and proportion of essential amino acids, semiessential amino acids, and umami amino acids (P<0.05). In contrast, it had no significant effect on the total contents of sweet and bitter amino acids. The treatment of irrigation had a significant effect on the shoot quality of winter bamboo. Irrigation can improve the appearance, flavor substances, cellulose substances, essential amino acids, semiessential amino acids, umami amino acids, and other indicators of winter bamboo shoots, to improve the shoot quality of winter bamboo.

Abstract:In this study, the stems of Cinnamomum migao with axillary buds were used as experimental materials to establish an induction and multiplication culture system for C. migaos adventitious buds. It was explored that the influence of adventitious bud induction and proliferation of C. migao stems with buds under the conditions of different disinfection time, sampling time, and different hormone types and concentration ratios. The results showed that: (1) the most suitable disinfection method for explants was 75% alcohol for 30 s + 0.1% HgCl₂ for 6.5 min, and November was the best time for explants to be disinfected. (2) The most suitable adventitious bud induction medium is MS + 3.0 mg/L 6BA + 0.3 mg/L IBA + 6.5 g/L agar + 30 g/L sucrose, the adventitious bud induction rate reaches 81.24%; both 6BA and NAA can promote C. migao for the proliferation of adventitious buds, NAA is the main factor influencing the proliferation of adventitious buds. (3) The most suitable adventitious bud multiplication medium is MS + 0.1 mg/L 6BA + 1.0 mg/L NAA + 0.3 g/L AC + 6.5 g/L agar + 30 g/L sucrose, and the average adventitious bud multiplication coefficient reaches 2.79. This study basically established the adventitious bud induction and multiplication culture system of C. migao, which provides a new way for its indepth resource development and utilization.

Abstract:The community of wild herbaceous plants in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object. According to different habitat types and environmental gradients, we selected 10 plots for investigation, to understand plant species composition, flora characteristics, and species diversity of the herbaceous community in this reserve and provide basic information for the ecosystems. The results showed that: (1) the herbaceous plant composition was relatively rich and the total 277 species belonged to 58 families and 183 genera, with Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Urticaceae being dominant families. The preponderant genera were Impatiens, Viola, Persicaria, Pilea. (2) In the distribution area type, the tropical distribution component of families is the most, this is consistent with the characteristics of the vegetation environment in the middle subtropical zone. The temperate geographical distribution proportion of genera is the largest (61.69%), but they contain less species, and are dominated by single species. On the contrary, there are more species in tropical distribution genera, and the analysis of the floristic nature of the genus level is more sensitive and reliable than that of the family level. From the perspective of the gradual change of the nature of family and genus, the tropical and temperate elements infiltrate each other and have obvious transitional characteristics. Therefore, the geographical distribution of the genus level reflects that the herbaceous ornamental flora in the Nature Reserve belongs to the nature of the transition from subtropical to warm temperate. (3) There are great differences in the composition of herbaceous plant community among different plots, The variation patterns of diversity and richness of wild herbaceous plant communities were not identical, but the overall trend is the same. Both diversity and richness were maximized in plot 7. The change trend of β diversity coefficient and Cody index of plant community was basically the same, and showed an upward pattern on the whole. The diversity index of herbaceous plants in plot 8 was low, which was greatly affected by human disturbance.

Abstract:Based on the collected geographical distribution coordinates of 45 Rosa persica and the data of 29 environmental factors, this paper made full use of GIS and MaxEnt for analyzing the potential suitable district of R. persica in Xinjiang, exploring the relationship between environmental factors and R. persica, and determining the threshold of the main impact factors, which could provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of R. persica population resources. The results showed that: (1) precipitation of driest month, annual precipitation and mean temperature of coldest quarte were the main influencing factors for the suitable area distribution of modern R. persica, the relevant thresholds conducive to the growth of R. persica were 5.56-10.90 mm, 169.62-258.75 mm and -12.48--9.86 ℃, respectively. (2) Under the 29 environmental factors, modern suitable area for R. persica was 19.85×10₄ km₂, accounting for 11.96% of the total area of Xinjiang, which was mainly concentrated in 80°13′ to 91°6′ E, 42°33′ to 48°23′ N, and the highly suitable area was only 0.63×10₄ km₂, mainly distributed in Urumqi, Fukang, Changji, Hutubi, Manas, Shihezi, Shawan, Wusu and Tacheng. (3) Under future climate simulation, the potential suitable area of R. persica under other scenarios decreased significantly, except that the highly suitable area in SSPs126, SSPSs245 and SSPs585 scenarios in 2021-2040 and the medium suitable area increased slightly in 2041-2060 SSPs126 scenarios. During 2041-2060, the distribution center moved to the southeast under SSPs126, but it remained basically unchanged under SSPs585 during 2021-2040. In other scenarios, the distribution center tended to move to higher latitudes. (4) Modern suitable area of R. persica was significantly reduced after the addition of human footprint data, and the contribution rate of human footprint factor was as high as 63.2%, indicating that human activities had a significant negative effect on the suitable area of R. persica.

Abstract:Lathyrus sativus is greatly misunderstood for the neurolathyrism epidemic worldwide in history caused via its overconsumption. That prevents the cultivation and utilization of L. sativus in spite of its good agronomic characters and potential as a functional food. However, L. sativus is an outstanding crop for sustainable agriculture and soil productivity maintenance under global climate change for its widespread and good resilience to environmental constraints. Therefore, reintroduce the underutilized crop is of strategic importance under the background of food safety, ecological civilization and rural revitalization. Published papers on Lathyrus researches could date back to 1861, 160 years ago. Remarkable achievements were obtained on fundamental researches and germplasm utilization of L. sativus under the sustained effectors of peer scholars. This review summarizes the development history over the past 160 years on L. sativus researches based on historical documents. First, three aspects of progresses are sort out around the core of neurolathyrism, including the factors causing neurolathyrism, investigating the mechanisms of neurolathyrism, and rethinking neurolathyrism epidemic and the biological functions of βODAP respectively with the highlighted purification and identification of neuroactive βODAP, investigation of mechanisms of neurolathyrism, pathways on βODAP biosynthesis, etc. Second, recent progress in neurotoxicology, germplasm evaluation and utilization, fundation researches on genetic improvement of L. sativus etc. are also reviewed. And further research of China scholars considered Lanzhou University as the representative on βODAP detection and biosynthetic pathway, physiological ecology, germplasm utilization of L. sativus and so on were analyzed especially. That suggested the internationally dominant position of China on Lathyrus researches. At last, the key directions for future research are previewed based on the current situation of L. sativus with lagging on genetic and molecular researches and lacking of comprehensive utilization, etc, to develop novel approaches and provide reference for germplasm utilization of L. sativus.

Abstract:CDS sequence of βcyanoalanine synthase gene (LsCAS) was amplified from the roots of seedlings of Lathyrus sativus germinated for 6 days and expression vector pGEX2TLsCAS was constructed. LsCAS was purified by GST affinity chromatography after induced expression and detected by Westernblot with GST tag antibody and soybean cysteine synthase antibody. The purified LsCAS was digested by thrombin to remove the GSTtag and then the molecular weight was estimated by Superdex 200 Increase 10/300 GL. The results showed that: (1) CDS sequence of LsCAS was 1 035 bp and encoded 344 amino acids; the protein possessed typical CBSlike protein functional domains of cystathionine betasynthase and cysteine synthase. (2) Expression vector pGEX2TLsCAS was successfully constructed and the purified target protein showed a single band with a molecular weight of 64 kD when detected via SDSPAGE; and also, a characteristic band was detected in both induced bacterial proteins and purified recombinant proteins using Westernblot techniques. So, the fusion protein obtained is LsCAS. (3) LsCAS belongs to pyridoxal phosphatedependent cysteine synthetase family because of its characteristic absorption peak at 412 nm; the size exclusion chromatography determining the apparent molecular mass of recombinant LsCAS suggested that LsCAS is tetramer and PLPdependent protease. These results laid a solid foundation for the understanding of LsCAS activity regulation and further functional investigation.

Abstract:In this paper, five newly recorded species were reported from Qinghai Province, China, they are: Caloneis hendeyi LangeBertalot & Genkal, Navicula digitoconvergens LangeBertalot, Stauromis africana Cleve, Craticula elkab (Müller) LangeBertalot, Kusber & Cocquyt, Halamphora hybrida (Grunow) Levkov, The morphological characteristics of each species were described in detail, LM and SEM plates were provided, and the habitat and distribution were given.

Abstract:This article reports new records of Hepatica henryi f. pleniflora Xiao D. Li et J. Q. Li, from the Nangongshan National Forest Park, Langao County, and the Hualongshan National Forest Park, Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province. The reports expanded the distribution area of this species from northwestward to the Daba Mountains of Shaanxi Province, enriching the distribution records of new plants in Shaanxi Province, and providing evidence for the study of species diversity in the Daba Mountains.