Abstract:The responsive to dehydration protein 22s (RD22s) constitute a subfamily of the plantspecific BURP domaincontaining protein family, which are closely related to stress tolerance of plants. In this study, the fulllength cDNA for a RD22 gene (AmRD22) was cloned from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a plant endemic to desert areas in Northwest China and with strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. Moreover, its coding protein, expression pattern and biological function in stress tolerance were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the AmRD22 protein (360 aa) contains all four domains common to the RD22 subfamily and it most probably locates in cell wall. Among the reported RD22 proteins with known biological function, AmRD22 has the closest phylogenetic relationship with soybean GmRD22. (2) In laboratorycultured A. mongolicus seedlings, the expression of AmRD22 was induced by dehydration, high salinity, cold and exogenous ABA, and the induction was relatively high under the dehydration and cold stresses. In young leaves of A. mongolicus adult plants growing in the wild, the expression levels of AmRD22 were markedly high from the midautumn to the midwinter compared to those in other seasons. (3) Transgenic Arabidopsis with AmRD22 gene showed significantly enhanced salt tolerance and lowered Na⁺ content. The transgenics also showed improved drought tolerance and reduced ABA sensitivity at early seed germination stage but had no obvious change in chilling and freezing tolerances.

Abstract:Based on the screening of strawberry candidate imprinting gene FaTRG31(turgor responsive protein 31), Using ‘Benihoppe’ (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. ‘Benihoppe’) as the material, we cloned the coding sequence of FaTRG31 gene, and analyzed bioinformatics, tissue expression, promoter and imprinting characteristics to reveal the mechanism of action of this gene and to lay the foundation for the study of expression regulation and biological functions of strawberry inprinted genes. The results showed that: (1) the open reading frame (ORF) of strawberry FaTRG31 gene was 999 bp, encoded 332 amino acids, contains typical NPA structural units and six transmembrane regions, located in the plasma membrane and belonged to AQP(aquaporin) family; Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that FaTRG31 belonged to PIP1(plasma membrane intrinsic proteins subtype 1). (2) Strawberry FaTRG31 was expressed in different tissues, and the expression in endosperm was the highest. The 1 989 bp promoter sequence of FaTRG31 showed that it contained action elements related to endosperm specific expression, a variety of abiotic stress response elements and hormone response elements. (3) The results of strawberry imprinting characterization showed that FaTRG31 had a single peak at the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) site in the endosperm was single peak and female parent expression, and the gene was expressed by the female parent in the strawberry endosperm. (4) Analysis after abiotic stress treatments revealed that the strawberry FaTRG31 gene could respond to abiotic stress to varying degrees.

Abstract:To explore the expression pattern and transcriptional regulation characteristics of resveratrol synthase gene (RS), we cloned RS1 gene using RTPCR from Vitis davidii callus. The expression pattern of RS1 was studied under 8 different light qualities, and the transcription factors targeting at RS1 were predicted and verified. The results showed that: (1) RS1 gene (GenBank accession number: OM339527) was cloned from V. davidii. The open reading frame of RS1 gene was 1 179 bp composed of 2 exons and 1 intron, encoding 392 amino acids. RS1 protein was a hydrophilic protein without signal peptide, and was predicted to be cytoplasmic localization. Phosphorylation modification mainly occurred at threonine and serine sites. The secondary structure of protein mainly consists of αhelix, random coil and strand. (2) There were multiple light response and transcription factor recognition/binding elements in RS1 promoter, other cisactive elements were involved in hormone regulation, growth and development, and environmental response. (3) Twentythree transcription factors belonging to 9 families targeting at RS1 were predicted by transcriptional regulation analysis, among which, MYB and Dof had many family members and RS1 promoter binding sites. (4) Collinearity analysis showed that grapevine had the highest collinearity with Populus trichocarpa, MYBDIV and Dof5.1 genes had multiple collinear genes. (5) Relative qPCR analysis indicated that longwavelength light quality promoted RS1 expression. MYBDIV and targeted gene RS1 had the same expression pattern under different light qualities and culture stages, while Dof5.1 revealed contrary results with RS1. This research suggests MYBDIV and Dof5.1 were involved in the biosynthesis of resveratrol by positively and negatively regulating the expression of RS1, respectively.

Abstract:Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (CCD) is a key enzyme in the oxidative cleavage pathway of carotenoids, and plays an important role in plant growth and development, aroma formation and stress response. In this study, 13 CCD genes with complete RPE65 conserved domain were identified from the whole genome of zucchini by bioinformatics method. The above results provides a reference for the subsequent analysis of the function of CCD gene family in zucchini. The results showed that: (1) cluster analysis showed that 13 CCD genes encoding proteins of zucchini could be divided into six subgroups: CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8, NCED and CCD1like, then CCD7and CCD8 subgroups have a long genetic distance from other family members. (2) Cis acting element prediction analysis found that the CCD gene promoters contained light signal, hormone, environmental stress and growth and development response elements. (3) Transcriptome data analysis showed that CCD family genes had tissuespecific expression, and three CCD genes were not expressed in tissues, while CpCCD1 was highly expressed in leaves and fruits. (4) During fruit development, eight CCD genes were upregulated and two CCD genes were down regulated, and four CCD genes, CpCCD1, CpCCD4a, CpCCD4b and CpCCD8a were significantly high expression in fruit expanding growth and maturation, suggesting that they may play an important regulatory role in fruit development of zucchini.

Abstract:In this study, the tissue staining differences between thorn and bud of sea buckthorn were compared by tissue section analysis, the gene expression profile differences between thorn and bud were compared by transcriptome sequence analysis, and the expression level of candidate genes was verified through qRTPCR, for providing candidate genes for further regulating the development of sea buckthorn by genetic engineering. The results showed that: (1) the tissue boundary of the transverse section of the sea buckthorn bud was obvious and hierarchical, while the tissue boundary of the transverse section of the sea buckthorn was blurred, the type of staining area was monotonous, the red area in the center of the thorn tip was larger and the spontaneous fluorescence of lignin indicated a significant increase in the lignification degree of the thorn. (2) 81 560 unigenes were assembled by transcriptome analysis, including 9 385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (3) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the most enriched genes were mainly related to the development of cell wall, epidermis and stomata, especially the lignin synthesis pathway. The analysis of bud and thorn related DEGs showed that there were 20 DEGs related to lignin synthesis, a total of 29 DEGs related to cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, a total of 14 DEGs related to plant epidermal development and stomatal complex development. It was speculated that some HOTHEAD protein genes were involved in controlling the disappearance of apical meristem of sea buckthorn, and lignin synthesis related genes were closely related to the process of thorn hardening based on literature analysis. (4) qRTPCR analysis showed that three of the six selected lignin synthesis related DEGs were upregulated by 9.5, 41.1 and 13.7 times, while the other three were down regulated by 5%, 14% and 24%, respectively; Among the four selected cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis related DEGs, two were upregulated by 3.6 and 22.1 times, and the other two were down regulated by 3% and 6%, respectively; The four selected epidermal and stomatal development related DEGs were down regulated to 6%, 13%, 3% and 4%; The relative expression level of key genes can be mutually confirmed with the TPM value measured by transcriptome, indicating that the verification results were consistent with the transcriptome analysis results. Overall, this study provided insight that there were significant morphological and histological differences between thorn and bud of sea buckthorn, and the DEGs between them were mainly related to lignin synthesis and the development of cell wall, epidermis and stomata.

Abstract:In this study, tomato scion variety ‘Yingfen No. 8’and stock variety‘Zhenai No. 1’were used as test materials. 100 mg·L^-1 CCC was foliar sprayed on tomato scion and stock when 6 and 12 days before grafting, respectively. The growth indexes of tomato seedlings, the contents of plant hormones in the grafted union were measured, and the effect of CCC on the process of grafting formation was monitored. The results showed that: (1) CCC significantly inhibited scion and stock seedlings growth, reduced the plant height by 33.30% and 33.96%, respectively. The aboveground fresh weight of scion and stock seedlings and dry weight of stock were reduced. (2) At 12 and 48 h after grafting, CCC decreased the contents of GA₁₅ and GA₈, increased the contents of GA₃₄ and GA₃ at 48 and 72 h after grafting; At 12, 48 and 72 h after grafting, CCC increased the contents of TRP, MEIAA, TRA, IAA, tZOG and iP9G. (3) 48-168 h after grafting, CCC increased the fuchsin absorption content and mean fluorescence intensity of vascular bundles in the grafted union; 72 h after grafting, the grafted union treatment by CCC was connected with xylem vessel elements; 96-120 h after grafting, the reconnection of xylem and phloem of the grafted union was basically completed treatment by CCC, the parenchyma cells of callus filled the gap of the grafted union, which was earlier than control. (4) 20 days after grafting, CCC increased SPAD value of scion leaves and root activity of stock. The results showed that foliar spraying CCC before grafting could effective promote the reconnection of vascular bundles and the growth and development of grafted seedlings.

Abstract:In order to understand the characteristics of flower bud differentiation and endogenous hormone content of the single and double flowers of the same plant of Paeonia rockii ‘Guangonghong’, and to lay a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of different flower types of Paeonia rockii, we used the Paeonia rockii ‘Guangonghong’ as the test material to investigate the flowering of ‘Guangonghong’. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structural characteristics of flower bud differentiation and petal development. Contents of endogenous hormones in flower buds of single and double flowers of the strain ‘Guangonghong’ at different differentiation stages. The result shows: (1) the singlepetal flower of ‘Guangonghong’ has a longer flowering period than the double petal flower. The epidermal cells of the singlepetal flower petal are smooth and flat without obvious wrinkles, while the epidermis of the doublepetal flower petal has obvious folds. The flower bud differentiation time of the double flower was significantly earlier than that of the single flower, and the volume of the petal primordia was also significantly increased, which may be related to the stamen petalization in the double flower. (2) Low concentration of GA₃ is beneficial to the flower bud differentiation of single and double flowers of ‘Guangonghong’; high concentration of ABA promotes the formation of double flower primordia; the increase of ZR content is conducive to the flower bud differentiation of Paeonia suffruticosa. (3) Higher ZR/IAA, ZR/GA₃, ABA/GA₃, and ABA/IAA are beneficial to the flower bud differentiation of doublepetaled flowers of ‘Guangonghong’; the increase of ABA/IAA and ZR/IAA ratios are beneficial to flower bud differentiation of singlepetaled flowers of ‘Guangonghong’; the decrease of (GA₃+IAA+ZR)/ABA and (IAA+ZR)/GA₃ ratios promoted the formation of petal primordia and stamen primordia, respectively.

Abstract:To explore the mitigation effect and physiological mechanism of exogenous substances on the growth of Sphaeropteris lepifera under drought stress, we cultured the S. lepifera seedlings in the laboratory were subjected to natural drought stress, and sprayed the leaves with 1.0 mmol/L SA solution, 150 μmol/L MT solution, 100 mg/L PP₃₃₃ solution, 2.5 mmol/L CaCl₂ solution and 0.3 mg/L EBR solution to determine the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, osmotic mediators and other related physiological indexes of seedlings. The results showed that: (1) compared with normal growth control (CK), drought stress significantly inhibited the growth of aboveground part and significantly promoted the growth of underground part of DCK; drought stress also significantly inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves, aggravated the damage to the cell membrane, and caused a significant increase in the electrolyte and MDA content in the leaves of the S. lepifera seedlings, and also significantly increased the accumulation of osmotic regulators; drought stress also significantly reduced the chlorophyll content in the leaves, which could not carry out normal photosynthesis, and its net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly reduced. (2) Compared with DCK, foliar spraying of exogenous substances can significantly improve the antioxidant enzyme activities of seedling leaves, effectively remove excessive reactive oxygen species in cells, significantly reduce the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content, make the metabolism of cell membrane system normal, reduce the damage caused by drought stress to S. lepifera seedlings, and improve the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content, effectively reduce the inhibition of drought stress on photosynthesis. (3) The comprehensive evaluation of membership function method showed that the treatment of appropriate concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin (MT) had the best mitigation effect on drought stress of S. lepifera seedlings.

Abstract:In this study, ethephon solution was sprayed on the leaves of GreenJ (Momordica charantia L.) seedlings at 3-4 leaf stage in solar greenhouse. The contents of related endogenous hormones were determined by HPLCMS/MS, and the expression of related regulatory genes was analyzed by highthroughput sequencing technology. The present studies are helpful to explore the effect of exogenous ethephon on hormone metabolism of bitter melon seedlings, obtain endogenous hormone metabolism targets of bitter melon dealing with exogenous ethylene induction, and preliminarily identify the function characteristics of related regulatory genes. These findings lay a foundation for further research on the regulation mechanism of exogenous ethylene in bitter melon crops. The results showed that: (1) the contents of 1aminocyclopropyl 1carboxylic acid (ACC) and the activity of ACC synthase (ACS) significantly increased under ethephon treatment in bitter melon seedlings. The contents of auxin (IAA) and transzeatin nucleoside (tZR) also significantly increased. The content of gibberellin (GA₃) showed marked decreased. (2) A total of 1 234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by Hiseq sequencing. Functional enrichment analysis showed that 570 DEGs were enriched in 118 metabolic pathways. (3) All DEGs were functional annotated and a series of genes involved in endogenous hormone synthesis and signal transduction were identified, including ethylene metabolism related genes of ACS, ACO, HMT3, EIN3, ERFs; IAA metabolism related genes of ALDH, TAA1, UGT74B1, AUX/IAA, ARF; cytokinin metabolism related genes of CYP735A, CKX and AARR; GA₃ related genes of KAO1, CYP736A12like, GID1 and PIF3. (4) qRTPCR analysis showed that the expression trend of 4 selected genes was consistent with the log₂FC value of the transcriptome data. Among them, 4 genes were upregulated and the other 4 genes were downregulated.

Abstract:In order to understand the purification ability of Ophiopogon japonicus and Carex breviculmis on soil benzo［a］pyrene in Beijings garden green space, taking ordinary garden soil as the control, we set up three soil benzo［a］pyrene contamination concentrations of 5.5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg to study the tolerance, removal effect and characteristics of physiological responses such as photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress in leaves of two plants on benzo［a］pyrene through pot experiments. The results show that: (1) both plants can survive and have ornamental value at soil benzo［a］pyrene concentrations of 30 mg/kg and below, but the plant height and dry weight of C. breviculmis were significantly inhibited, while only the plant height of O. japonicus was significantly inhibited. (2) Both plants can reduce the concentration of soil benzo［a］pyrene significantly, and the removal rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of concentration. The removal rate of O. japonicus was the highest at 5.5 mg/kg (76.9%), and the removal rate of C. breviculmis was the highest at 15 mg/kg (79.6%). (3) With the increase of soil benzo［a］pyrene concentration, the contents of various photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of O. japonicus first decreased and then increased, while C. breviculmis first increased and then decreased, but the changes were significant only under individual treatments. (4) There was no significant difference in MDA content in leaves of O. japonicus under each concentration of benzo［a］pyrene compared with the control group, while C. breviculmis was significantly higher than the control group under each treatment. (5) The contents of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in the leaves of O. japonicus and C. breviculmis under each benzo［a］pyrene concentration treatment were basically higher than those in the control group, and among them, the content of hydrogen peroxide under the treatment of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of O. japonicus and the content of hydroxyl radicals under the treatment of 15 mg/kg concentration increased significantly, and the content of hydrogen peroxide and the content of hydroxyl free radicals under the treatment of 15 mg/kg for C. breviculmis were significantly higher than those in the control group. (6) At each concentration of benzo［a］pyrene in soil, the activities of POD and CAT in leaves of the two plants were not significantly different from those in the control group, and the SOD activity was significantly higher than the control group only under the treatment of 5.5 mg/kg for O. japonicus and under the treatment for 30 mg/kg of C. breviculmis. The study found that both O. japonicus and C. breviculmis can tolerate the soil environment with benzo［a］pyrene pollution concentration lower than 30 mg/kg, and at the same time effectively remove benzo［a］pyrene in the soil; the removal effect of O. japonicus was better than C. breviculmis when the soil benzo［a］pyrene concentration was low, but inferior to C. breviculmis when the soil concentration was high; The strong tolerance of O. japonicus to benzo［a］pyrene soil pollution was closely related to the stable content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves and the lower degree of membrane peroxidation under various pollution concentrations.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of different culture substrates on the growth and physiological indexes of Plagiomnium acutum (Lindb.) T. Kop., we selected the optimal culture substrate through experimental design, to provid a new way and idea for propagation and cultivation of P.acutum. In this study, six groups of different substrate treatments were set up using the common forest decomposition grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ Pinus massoniana fallen wood(W_Ⅱ, W_Ⅲ and W_Ⅳ) and commonly used bryophytes cultivation soil［Granular soil (S_G), Generalpurpose nutrient soil (S_N), Grass charcoal soil (S_C)］ as cultivation substrate. The effects of different substrates on the growth length, growth cover, chlorophyll content, total soluble protein content and total soluble sugar content of P. acutum, and the overall growth condition of P. acutum were studied, and finally its influencing factors were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis and fuzzy affiliation function. The results showed that: (1) the physicochemical properties of different cultivation substrates were significantly different. The total porosity, waterholding capacity, and total nitrogen contents of the fallen wood substrate (W_Ⅱ, W_Ⅲ, and W_Ⅳ) were significantly higher than those of the granular soil (S_G) and generalpurpose nutrient soil (S_N), while the bulk weight, total phosphorus content, and total potassium content showed the opposite. Except for the total porosity and waterholding porosity was significantly different, the other indexes of the grass charcoal soil substrate (S_C) and fallen wood substrates (W_Ⅱ, W_Ⅲ and W_Ⅳ) were similar. (2) Among the six groups of substrates, the cultivation of fallen wood substrate (W_Ⅱ, W_Ⅲ and W_Ⅳ) could effectively improve the growth and coverage of moss gametophyte, S_C substrate could improve chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of the P. acutum, S_G substrate can improve soluble sugar content and soluble protein content and enhance the plant resistance. By comprehensive evaluation of membership function, W_Ⅳ treatment had the highest comprehensive evaluation score and the best comprehensive growth condition. (3) The total porosity, waterholding pore space, waterholding capacity and total nitrogen content of the substrate were highly significantly and positively correlated with the growth morphological indexes of the moss. The capacitance, total phosphorus content and total potassium content of the substrate were significantly and negatively correlated with the growth morphologic indexes of the moss. Compared with soil substrate, the fallen wood substrate had greater porosity and water holding capacity, which is beneficial to the growth of P. acutum. The comprehensive growth and development of P. acutum was the best in the decomposition grade Ⅳ P. massoniana fallen wood (W_Ⅳ), which could be used as the optimal substrate for cultivation. Increasing the porosity, waterholding capacity and total nitrogen content of the substrate was beneficial to the growth of P. acutum.

Abstract:In order to explore the influences of different calcium treatments on apple fruit quality, in this study, we used three apple varieties of ‘Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Pink Lady’ as plant materials, and the fruits were sprayed with three calcium treatments, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium amino acid, 30 days before harvest. The basic fruit quality indicators were detected by conventional methods, and the aroma compounds of fruit were determined by headspace solidphase microextraction and gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Comprehensive evaluation of 13 fruit quality indexes after calcium treatments used principal component analysis and linear weighted summation. This study explored and compared the effect of calcium treatments on improving the fruit quality of different apple varieties, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the fruit quality of apple. The results showed that: (1) preharvest spraying calcium treatments had no significant effect on the single fruit weight of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, but the single fruit weight of ‘Pink Lady’ increased significantly after calcium chloride and calcium amino acid treatment. (2) Preharvest calcium chloride treatment had the most significant increase on the sugartoacid ratio and the hardness of the fruit; The calcium nitrate treatment had the most significant effect on improving the brightness and color saturation of peels. After the calcium amino acid treatment, the content of aroma components of the apple fruits had been greatly improved. (3) Principal component analysis and comprehensive score chart showed that the comprehensive index of fruit quality are all better than the control after being treated with three calcium treatments. The comprehensive score of fruit quality was the highest by treating with calcium amino acid. The study found that 30 days before harvest calcium treatment can effectively improve the color, sugar and acidity, hardness and aroma of apple fruit and among them, the treatment effect of amino acid calcium was the best, and it was the most effective in improving the fruit quality of ‘Pink Lady’ apples.

Abstract:Caryopteris mongholica is an afforestation and greening tree, which used at arid and semiarid regions of northern China, while its characteristics of distribution and suitable areas influence factors remain unclear. Our research based on the highresolution environmental data related to current and future climate and used the MaxEnt model to evaluate the importance factors in the formation of C. mongholica suitability area. Our study will provide a theoretical reference for the protection, application and management of C. mongholica. The results showed that: (1) under the current climatic conditions, the moderately and highly suitable areas of C. mongholica were 34.18 × 10⁴ km² and 15.91 × 10⁴ km², respectively. Meanwhile altitude, rainfall in the wettest month and mean temperature in the hottest season are considered to be the critical factors affecting the distribution of C. mongholica. (2) The suitable area C. mongholica will expand to high latitudes from 2021 to 2060, however shrink to low latitudes from 2 061 to 2 100. Overall, our research result believe climate warming will promote distribution expansion of C. mongholica. However, these suitable areas may not be available in fact because of urban development and human factors. We need to establish effective management strategies urgently.

Abstract:The Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve extends south to the Luoxiao Mountains, and faces the Wuyi Mountains, Dabie Mountains and Wuling Mountains across the river on east, north and west sides, respectively. From September to December of 2020, the authors conducted several field surveys and specimen collections for bryophytes in Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve. A total of 562 specimens were collected. The specimens of bryophytes from the Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve were identified and counted. Based on the similarity coefficient and the ratio of the tropic elements to the temperate elements (R/T values), the floristic geographical characteristics was analyzed and compared with seven regions in Jiangxi. The results are as follows: (1) there are 58 families, 100 genera and 179 species of bryophytes in Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve, including 34 families, 64 genera and 113 species of mosses; 23 families, 34 genera and 64 species of liverworts; and 1 family, 2 genera and 2 species of hornworts. (2) The composition of the bryoflora in Jiulingshan is complex. The highest element is East Asia, the temperate elements are slightly higher than the tropical elements, and the area shows obvious convergence and transition in floristics characteristics. (3) The similarities between Jiulingshan and most of the seven areas are high on families and genera; Jiulingshan has the highest floristics characteristics. Jiulingshan has the highest similarity with Yangjifeng on species, and Jiulingshan has the lowest similarity with Poyang Lake Wetland on species. (4) The highest R/T value is 1.32 for Jiulianshan Nature Reserve, and the lowest R/T value is 0.50 for Poyang Lake Wetland. The R/T values of Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve and Tongboshan Nature Reserve are the closest, and in both, temperate elements are slightly higher than tropical elements showing obvious floristic transition. In conclusion, the tropical elements of bryoflora are decreasing from south to north in Jiangxi. Meanwhile, the temperate elements are increasing, and the bryoflora of the central part of Jiangxi shows obvious convergence and transition.

Abstract:This paper describes a new species of Primulina (Gesneriaceae)——P. shaowuensis, from Shaowu County in Fujian Province. Morphological analyses indicated that P. shaowuensis is most similar to P. xiuningensis. The main differences of them are P. shaowuensis flower tube subcampanulate and inflated in the middle; the corolla is milky white; staminodes 3, apex is slightly capitate. The result of phylogenetic analysis used nuclear ribosomal ITS and two plastid markers (atpBrbcL and rpL32trnL) indicated that P. shaowuensis has an independent position on the phylogenetic tree, which supports P. shaowuensis as a new species of Gesneraceae, and P. xiuningensis and P. juliae are its sister group.

Abstract:Eight species of angiosperms, namely Gymnotheca involucrata C. Pei (Saururaceae), Aspidopterys esquirolii H. Lév. (Malpighiaceae), Campylotropis teretiracemosa P. C. Li & C. J. Chen (Fabaceae), Cerastium szechuense F. N. Williams (Caryophyllaceae), Primula odontocalyx (Franch.) Pax (Primulaceae), Anna ophiorrhizoides (Hemsl.) B. L. Burtt & R. A. Davidson (Gesneriaceae), Mosla scabra (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li (Lamiaceae), and Rhaponticum chinense (S. Moore) L. Martins & Hidalgo (Asteraceae), are first recorded for the Flora of Yunnan in this study. The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Yunnan University (YUKU).