Abstract:Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is an important factor that can bring out seedless fruit in Citrus，GSI was regulated by a highly polymorphic locus named the S-locus. S-protein Homologous (SPH) gene belonged to the S-locus gene, but the role of SPH gene in the reaction of self-incompatibility has not been reported. In the study, the CDS of SPH gene, named CrSPH, was cloned from ‘Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’. the CDS was 417 bp encoding a protein of 138 amino acids. There were three base pairs difference between ‘Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’, and two amino acids ware substituted between ‘Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’. The Southern hybridization experiment showed there was one copy of CrSPH in the gene genomic DNA both Wuzishatangju’ and ‘Shatangju’.The qPCR showed that the expression level of CrSPH gene was significantly difference in flower organs of ''Shatangju'' , the highest expression level was found in ovary, and it was hardly expressed in petals, filaments, anthers, stigmas, styles. the relative expression level of CrSPH gene was 16 times higher in the ovaries of ‘Shatangju’ than that in ovaries of ‘Wuzishatangju’. CrSPH gene began to express at 0 d after cross-pollination (‘Wuzishatangju’× ‘Shatangju’), the expression level showed an upward trend from 2th to 4th day, the highest expression level was detected at the 6th day in pistil. The expression level was in pistil first up and then down after self-pollination (‘Wuzishatangju’בWuzishatangju’), but the expression level of self-pollination was far lower than that of cross-pollination. The prokaryotic expression experiment successfully induced the CrSPH heterologous protein, and the pollen germination experiment in vitro showed that the germination rate of ‘Wuzishatangju’ was significantly inhibited with increasing CrSPH protein concentrations from ‘Wuzishatangju’.

Abstract:In order to understand the genetic law and formation mechanism of black and yellow prosomillet seeds, this study used yellow seed coat variety "Huang limi I" and black seed coat variety "2016106I" to construct F₂ generation population, analyze the genetic law of seed coat color, use F₃ generation seeds for transcriptome sequencing, and explore the key genes that affect the color of millet seeds. The results showed that: (1) Through the hybrid combination of yellow seed millet I × Genetic analysis of seed coat color of F₁ and F₂ populations of 2016106I hybrid combination showed that black was dominant to yellow and was controlled by a single gene. (2) According to the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, a total of 13 differentially expressed genes related to flavonoid synthesis pathway were screened, only C2845_ PM02G08740、C2845_ PM04G29280 and C2845_ PM09G22680 is an up-regulated gene, and the other 10 are down-regulated genes. Among them, C2845 is the gene with the largest differential multiple_ PM04G29280, the multiple of difference is 4.88 times; These genes encode many enzymes such as cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamyl CoA reductase, which are closely related to the formation of seed coat color. However, the major genes related to the color formation of the seed coat of millet can be determined only after further study. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of color formation of seed coat and breeding of new varieties of prosomillet.

Abstract:[Objective] Plant ploidy identification is the basis for research on biological problems such as classification and ploidy breeding. Ploidy identification of complex ploidy species has been the focus of researchers" attention. That identification has become a difficult task especially for plants with a large number of chromosomes, small morphology, dense cytoplasm, and complex chromosome ploidy of species within the genus, and it is of great importance to explore a rapid and effective ploidy identification method. [Methods] In this study, young leaves of different plants in the genus Kiwifruit were used as material for ploidy identification using two methods - flow cytometry and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci heterozygous allele depth ratio (HADR) distribution. We explored the factors affecting ploidy identification, such as the growth status of the sampled leaves, the concentration of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), the number of filter mesh and the number of filters, and the adjustment of parameters for whole-genome SNP typing of different ploidy samples. [Results] The highest number of intact nuclei was obtained by taking unexpanded young leaves in the flow cytometry assay; a 5% PVP concentration was the most suitable for reducing the adhesion between nuclei, 2% was not effective, and 7% caused no significant change. The 500 mesh filter used three times gave the best results; more impurities were found after the use of the 200 mesh and 300 mesh filtrations. SNP genotyping is mainly related to the quality of the assembly of the simulated genome and the parameter settings for filtering the identified SNPs. [Conclusion] The use of young unexpanded leaves to ensure a sufficient number of intact nuclei and reduce the adhesion between nuclei is the key to ploidy identification by flow cytometry. Chromosome ploidy of the same plant material did not change before and after CO60 the irradiation treatment. The assembly of high quality reference genome is the basis of SNP typing and the guarantee of heterozygote frequency distribution estimation at SNP loci. The results of the 2 ploidy identification methods in ploidy complex plants were consistent and could be validated against each other.

Abstract:To explore the mechanism of phenylpropane metabolism in adapting to salt stress of L. barbarum. In this study, L. barbarum treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L NaCl) was used as the research object. High-throughput sequencing technology and qRT-PCR were used to detect and analyze the differential expression of genes related to phenylpropane metabolism of L. barbarum under salt stress. Meanwhile, the activities of key enzymes and the contents of related substances were determined. The results showed as follows: (1) A total of 58 genes related to phenylpropane metabolism were differentially expressed under different concentrations of NaCl, and most of the genes were up-regulated or unchanged with the increase of salt stress. (2) With the increase of NaCl concentration, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT in the leaves of L. barbarum decreased, while the contents of phenols, flavonoids and lignin were significantly accumulated under 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment. The results showed that L. barbarum could regulate the up-regulated expression of genes related to phenylpropane metabolism, increase the synthesis of phenols, flavonoids and lignin, and adapt to salt stress by clearing excessive ROS and improving cell wall strength. The concentration of NaCl that L. barbarum can tolerate is between 100 and 200 mmol/L. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and production of L. barbarum and the further analysis of the salt tolerance mechanism of L. barbarum.

Abstract:In this study, the adventitious root of Panax quinquefolium L. was used as the material. The simulated drought stress was pretreated with 10% PEG-6000, and then exogenous salicylic acid (SA) at different concentrations (0, 10, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1) were added to treat 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. Then, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the content of osmotic regulators, the accumulation of total flavonoids, total saponins, monomer saponins Rb1 and Re, gene expression of two bHLH transcription factors and 6 key enzymes in the ginsenosides biosynthetic pathway in adventitious roots of P. quinquefolium were detected. These results were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA in response to simulated drought stress in P. quinquefolium. The results showed that: (1) The activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) both peaked when 80 μmol·L-1 of SA was treated for 4 days. The content of free proline reached the peak at 4 days after 80 μmol·L-1 of SA treatment, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) reached the peak at 6 days after 40 μmol·L-1 of SA treatment. (2) The content of total flavonoids reached the maximum value when 80 μmol·L-1 of SA was treated for 6 days, and the content of total saponins and monomeric saponins Re reached the maximum value when treated with 40 μmol·L-1 of SA for 8 days, the content of monomeric saponin Rb1 reached the maximum value at the 6 days of 80 μmol·L-1 of SA treatment. (3) The expression levels of HMGR and DS genes were increased by more than 3 times on the second day after 40 μmol·L-1 of SA treatment, and the gene expressions of Pq-CYP6H, Pq-D12H, Pq-3-O-UGT1 and Pq-bHLH25 The amount was more than doubled after SA treatment. These experimental results showed that the appropriate concentration of exogenous SA could improve the growth state indicators of adventitious roots of P. quinquefolium under drought stress, and increase the content of active ingredients and the expression of related genes.

Abstract:Anthocyanin and lignin content are important indicators of Toona sinensis buds quality. In this study, the appearance morphological and histocytological observations of red and green T. sinensis buds were conducted during storage at 4 ℃ in the dark, and the anthocyanin and lignin content and their related synthetic genes expression levels of in leaf and petiole tissues were analyzed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of T. sinensis buds and the formulation of post-harvest storage and preservation measures. The results showed that: (1) the color of red T. sinensis buds was better after 3 d of storage under low temperature and dark conditions, while black spots began to appear on green T. sinensis buds after 1 d of storage, and the number of black spots gradually increased with the extension of storage time; (2) the leaf veins and petioles xylem cells of red T. sinensis buds were smaller and had fewer cells than that of the corresponding green T. sinensis buds; the secondary cell walls of both red and green T. sinensis buds gradually thickened during storage, and the green T. sinensis buds veins and petiole xylem cells stained more deeply; the xylem cells of red T. sinensis leaf veins and petioles gradually increased in size during storage, while the xylem cells of green T. sinensis bud leaf veins and petioles first increased and then became smaller in size; (3) the anthocyanin content of both red and green T. sinensis buds decreased and the lignin content increased during low temperature storage, and the anthocyanin content of red T. sinensis buds was always higher than that of green T. sinensis buds, while its lignin content was always lower than that of green T. sinensis buds, and the rise and fall of red T. sinensis buds was smaller; (4) the expression levels of anthocyanin and lignin synthesis genes in the leaves and petioles of T. sinensis buds were consistent with the trends of anthocyanin and lignin contents during postharvest low temperature storage, and the expression levels of T. sinensis buds phenylalanine aminolytic enzyme gene (TsPAL) and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase gene (TsC4H) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the overall trend of decreasing. It was found that both red and green T. sinensis buds underwent lignification and transpiration water loss during storage, and the anthocyanin content decreased and lignin content increased, but green T. sinensis buds had more lignification and severe water loss, and the rise and fall of anthocyanin content and lignin content was greater; the differences in anthocyanin and lignin content of T. sinensis buds were correlated with the expression levels of their synthesis genes. The combined color, appearance, anthocyanin and lignin contents of T. sinensis buds showed that red T. sinensis buds stored longer and were easier to store and preserve than green T. sinensis buds.

Abstract:Riboflavin is involved in many biochemical processes in organisms,but its effects on abiotic stress responses are still poorly understood in plants. To explore the role of riboflavin in response to abiotic stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a japonica rice Kitaake and an indica rice T98B were used as experimental materials to investigate the effects of riboflavin on their response to salt, high temperature,osmotic,alkali, and oxidative stresses. The expression levels of riboflavin biosynthesis genes and stress related physiological indexes were determined intensively in rice under salt and high temperature stresses. The results demonstrated that: (1) Exogenous riboflavin effectively enhanced the tolerance to salt and high temperature stresses, and reduced the tolerance to osmotic stress, but did not affect the tolerance to oxidative and alkali stresses. (2) All the abiotic stresses, especially salt and high temperature, promoted the accumulation of riboflavin to different degrees in rice. (3) Both salt and high temperature stresses induced the expression of riboflavin biosynthesis genes, which promoted the biosynthesis of riboflavin and improved the stress tolerance in rice. These results indicate that abiotic stress can promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of riboflavin in rice,and riboflavin can also enhance the tolerance to salt and high temperature stresses but reduce the tolerance to osmotic stress.

Abstract:Abstract: To investigate the influence and physiological mechanism of biogas slurry application on maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under drought stress. Use ‘Xianyu 335’ (moderate drought resistance line) and ‘Zhongdan No.2’ (stronger drought resistance line) were used as materials to study the alleviating effect of biogas slurry on the effect of maize seedling growth and photosynthetic parameter under 10% PEG-6000 simulated drought stress. The results showed that compared with the control, the seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length of maize hybrid line Xianyu 335 and Zhongdan No.2 decreased obviously under drought stress. Xianyu 335’ decreased by 23.8%, 10.3%, 19.2%, and 29.5% respectively, and Zhongdan No.2 decreased by 16.2%, 5%, 17.7%, and 21.7% respectively. The root activity increased by 58.2% and 71.9% respectively. and the root-top ratio increased by 36% and 26.3% respectively. The content of soluble sugar increased by 21% and 38.61% respectively, the proline content increased by 32.3% and 17.6% respectively. The content of MDA increased by 78.4% and 57.6% respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), peroxidase ( POD), catalase ( CAT) increased, and Xianyu 335 increased by34.3%, 26.9%, and 39% respectively, and Zhongdan No.2 increased by 62.7%, 78.2%, and 38.2% respectively. Chlorophyll SPAD value decreased by 10.6% and 5.8% respectively. Pn, Gs, Tr, and WUE of Xianyu 335 decreased by 26.4%, 17.0%, and 16.2% respectively, while those of Zhongdan NO.2 decreased by 16.9%, 23.6%, and 23.1% respectively, on the contrary, the WUE of Zhongdan NO.2 increased by 18.7%. Applying 50% biogas slurry obviously alleviated the damage of maize seedlings caused by drought stress. Compared with PEG treatment, the seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and root length of maize hybridization lines Xianyu 335 and Zhongdan NO.2 increased significantly, with the seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and root length of Xianyu 335 increased by 38.7%, 28.6%, 30.6%, and 24.7% respectively, while those of Zhongdan NO.2 increased by 36.8%, 43.6%, 28.2%, and 33.2% respectively. The root activity of Xianyu 335 and Zhongdan NO.2 increased by 47.7% and 66%, respectively, and the fibrous root number increased by13.3% and 18.0%, respectively, instead, the root-top ratio decreased by 33.3% and 30.2%, respectively. The content of soluble sugar and the proline content of Xianyu 335 increased by 7.37% and 11.57%, respectively, while the content of soluble protein is unchanged, the those of Zhongdan NO.2 increased by 28.2%, 17.15%, and 14.6% respectively. The leaf dry fresh ratio increased by 50% and 25%, respectively. In leaves, MDA decreased by 36.06% and 44.6%, respectively. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT increased further, Xianyu 335 increased by 19.3%, 20.7%, and 42.3% respectively, and Zhongdan NO.2 increased by 26.5% and 73.6%, respectively, however, its CAT activity is decreased. Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters Pn, Tr, and WUE increased，and chlorophyll content increased by 10.4% and 5.8% respectively. Photosynthetic parameters Pn Tr, and WUE of Xianyu 335 increased by 47.4%, 35.3%, and 9% respectively, and Zhongdan NO.2 increased by 42.9%, 4.7%, and 36.3% respectively. The results showed that 50% biogas slurry applying concentrations could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of Xianyu 335 and Zhongdan No.2 seedlings under drought stress, significant increase of the activities autioxidant enzyme and the concentration of osmotic regulatory substances, and reduce the membrane permeability, so as to alleviate the drought stress, and the alleviating effect on drought stress to the Zhongdan No.2 is more significant remarkable between two lines of maize.

Abstract:To explore the mechanism of earthworm compost and biochar on the watermelon-white clover ecosystem, greenhouse experiments were conducted with eight treatments comprising a blank control (watermelon plants), biochar, white clover cover, earthworm compost, white clover cover + earthworm compost, biochar + earthworm compost, white clover cover + biochar, and white clover cover + biochar + earthworm compost. Soil nutrients, microbial community structure, and watermelon metabolomics were analyzed to determine the effects of earthworm compost and biochar on the watermelon-white clover ecosystem. The results indicated that: (1) In the combined treatment, soil bulk density decreased, soil fertility improved, and the absorption capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in watermelon plants increased. The treatment of white clover cover + biochar + earthworm compost (WBV) demonstrated the best overall performance. (2) The richness of microbial communities decreased in the WBV treatment. The Shannon index and Chao 1 index were ranked as BV > WB > CK > WV > WBV treatment. Compared with the control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes bacteria, and Mortierellomycota fungi in soil microbial communities in the WBV treatment increased significantly, while the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased. (3) Lipid compounds such as alpha-linolenic acid, Lyso-Phosphatidylcholine(17:0), and Phosphatidylinositol Acid(18:1(11Z)/0:0), as well as amino acids such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate were detected in the watermelon fruit in the WBV treatment. The study found that the combination of white clover cover, biochar, and earthworm compost significantly improved soil nutrient contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, promoted the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by watermelon, improved the soil microbial environment, altered watermelon plant lipid, organic acid, and amino acid metabolism, enhanced the protection of the watermelon plant biofilm, regulated cell osmosis, and increased stress resistance.

Abstract:The cutting seedlings of red pulp pitaya ‘Taiwan No. 6’ was used as experiment material, pretreated with 150mg/L ABA, and treated under cold stress (8℃/0℃，12 h/12 h) for 10 days. The effects of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, relative conductivity (REC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and AsA-GSH cycle related indicators were determined in order to study the regulatory effect of ABA on ROS metabolism of Pitaya seedlings, and to clarify the mechanism of ABA improving cold tolerance of Pitaya seedlings from the perspective of ROS metabolism. The results showed that: (1) Pitaya seedlings showed watery stains and wilted yellowing due to 10 days cold injury stress, and the index of chilling injury (CI) reached 0.52. Pretreatment with 150mg/L ABA can reduce the cold damage, the CI was reduced to 0.20. (2) Cold stress broke the balance of ROS metabolism. It significantly increased the O2- production rate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and made membrane lipid peroxidation intensified, MDA and REC increased significantly in pitaya seedlings. Pretreatment with exogenous ABA can significantly reduced H2O2 content, reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, and significantly reduced MDA and REC. (3) The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT significantly increased in pitaya seedlings under cold stress. However, pretreatment with exogenous ABA further enhanced the activities of SOD, POD and CAT. (4) Cold stress caused the activities of APX, DHAR, GR and MDHAR significantly increased, and the contents of AsA, GSH, DHA and GSSG also increased in pitaya seedlings. However, the ratio of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG decreased, ROS scavenging system was damaged. Pretreatment with exogenous ABA can enhance the ability of pitaya seedlings to scavenge ROS under cold stress though by enhancing the activities of APX, GR and MDHAR, the content of antioxidants AsA and GSH, and the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG. In conclusion, exogenous ABA can effectively improve the cold tolerance of pitaya seedlings. It can enhance the scavenging ability of ROS and maintain the balance of ROS metabolism by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolic activity of AsA-GSH cycle in pitaya seedlings, thereby reducing the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, and effectively alleviating the cold damage of pitaya seedlings.

Abstract:In this experiment, 4-year-old mature trees of " Shine Muscat " with chlorosis symptoms were used as experimental materials. the stem and leaf growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf anatomical structure, fruit quality and yield of chlorosis grapevines and normal grapevines were analyzed and compared. to explore the effects of chlorosis leaves on grapevines growth, photosynthetic index, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and fruit quality. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference basis for chlorosis correction cultivation of grapevines. The results showed that: (1) Compared with normal grapevines, the leaf chlorophyll content, leaf size, leaf weight, new shoot length and branch thickness of chlorosis grapevines decreased significantly, (2) Compared with normal grapevines, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of chlorosis grape leaves decreased significantly, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased significantly. (3) The initial fluorescence (Fo), minimum fluorescence yield (Fo"), maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), relative electron transfer rate (ETR) and actual photosynthetic quantum yield Y (Ⅱ) of chlorosis grape leaves were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines. (4) The leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and palisade-sea ratio of chlorosis grapevines were significantly higher than those of normal grapevines. the thickness of upper epidermis and sponge tissue were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines. (5) The fruit yield, ear weight, fruit size, soluble solids content and single grain weight of chlorosis grapevines were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines. It was found that when the leaves of " Shine Muscat " grape were chlorosis, the chlorophyll content decreased, the photosynthesis of leaves was inhibited, and the synthesis of dry matter of grapevines was hindered. As a result, the growth and development of grape plant and the formation of fruit quality and yield were seriously affected.

Abstract:To reveal the regulating mechanism of nitrogen on watermelon root under chlorine salt stress. a soil culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N levels (0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 g/kg) on architecture, biomass, organic osmoregulation substances, activity, malondialdehyde of watermelon root under the chlorine salt stress. Meanwhile, principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation of root growth situation. The results showed that root branch number, root activity, the total number of root volume could be used as the comprehensive index to evaluate influence of nitrogen on root growth under chloride salt stress, and alleviating effect of nitrogen level on chlorine salt stress was shown as N15 > N20 > N10 > N25. Compared with no nitrogen treatment, as nitrogen level was 0.15 g/kg, watermelon root biomass and the amount of dry matter accumulation were increased by 58.83% and 20.83%, proline and soluble sugar content were enhanced 98.33% and 70.37%, root activity was raised 29.44%, while malondialdehyde content was reduced by 40.30%, moreover, total root length, root surface area, root number, and branch number were increased 103.42%, 46.41%, 64.44%, and 87.80%, but total root volume and total root diameter was decreased by 23.05% and 40.15%, respectively. Curve equation fitting results showed that watermelon has ideal root system configuration and higher root activity when N rate is range in 0.15 –0.19 g/kg under chlorine salt stress. Visibly, it can conclude that a moderate amount of nitrogen helps watermelon to establish a good root system configuration, increase root penetration levels, and reduce cell osmotic potential and malondialdehyde content, maintain strong root activity, enhance biomass and dry matter, and thus alleviate high concentrations of chloride salt inhibition for the growth of watermelon.

Abstract:Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration system can provide effective technical means for seedling breeding and lay the foundation for genetic transformation system. In order to establish the embryogenesis and plant regeneration system of Rhus chinensis, the immature zygotic embryos of Rhus chinensis were selected as explants in this study, and the optimal conditions for the induction of primary callus, the induction and proliferation of embryonic callus as well as the induction of somatic embryo were expiored from the combination of plant growth regulators, the type of basic medium and the concentration of sucrose. Our results showed that the optimal medium for callus induction was MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L, with an induction rate of 84.57%. The newly induced callus was white or light yellow, with loose texture and smooth surface. When the callus was transferred to 1/2MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L medium for one month, the embryogenic callus with light yellow texture generated, with the induction rate up to 100%, and the multiplication of embryogenic callus on this medium was 854.73%. The embryogenic callus were transferred to MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+sucrose 4% medium for one month to induce somatic embryogenesis with an induction rate of 32.67%. The somatic embryos developed into plantlets through globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo embryo and cotyledon embryo. After trainin, sterile seedlings can be planted to the growth matrix (peat: vermiculite:perlite= 2:1:1), with survival rate of 100%. Taken together, a somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration system of Rhus chinensis was established in this study, and the survival rate of the regenerated seedlings obtained was high.

Abstract:Abstract: The study aimed to the phenotypic genetic diversity of 146 kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou Province, and provide reference for breeding and utilization of kiwifruit resources in Guizhou Province. In this study, 48 phenotypic traits of 146 kiwifruit germplasm resources from different regions were described and assigned and 9 quantitative traits such as fruit weight were combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis to comprehensively evaluate the phenotypic diversity of kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou. The results showed that there was abundant diversity in 57 qualitative and quantitative traits were rich in diversity and variability; The Shannon"s genetic diversity index of 146 resources is 1.28, It can be seen from the genetic diversity index of each region that the evolution process is from the region with high genetic diversity index to the region with low genetic diversity index;. The results of principal component analysis showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the first 14 principal components was 75.076%. The accumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components was 51.911%. Improve the efficiency of variety selection and evaluation, the descriptive indexes of kiwifruit germplasm resources can be simplified into 18 characters, including hair on annual branch, fruit hair; Cluster analysis showed that the Euclidean distance of kiwifruit germplasm in Guizhou was between 1.00-25.00. And 146 kiwifruit resources were divided into 6 groups at D=19.25. This paper effectively revealed the rich diversity and genetic relationship of wild kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou Province, and defines the distinguishing characteristics of characters among various groups of kiwifruit and the geographical distribution of some excellent resource characters, which is great significance for the identification, protection, utilization and genetic improvement of kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou.

Abstract:By constructing the core collection of Malania oleifera, the natural distribution of Malania oleifera resources were evaluated and utilized, the priority objects of resource collection and protection will be identified, and the alternative materials will be provided for establishing the breeding population of Malania oleifera with high oil content and high neuritic acid content. 97 Malania oleifera germplasms were grouped according to geographical regions, and 21 traits including leaves, fruits, kernels and their contents were detected. On the basis of systematic clustering and preferential sampling method, according to genetic diversity method, proportional method and logarithmic method, three sampling ratios of 10%, 20% and 30% were set, resulting in a total of seven sampling strategies. Eight parameters such as CR, M_I, CR_MAX, CR_MIN, VR , MD, VD and CR_MEA were used to evaluate the core collection constructed by the seven strategies, and the core collection with the best parameters was selected. The representativeness of the constructed core collection was verified by comparing the phenotypic diversity index, coincidence rate, principal components and sample distribution map between the core collection and the initial collection. On the basis of clustering by class average method, the core collection parameters formed by "priority sampling method + genetic diversity method +30% sampling ratio" were the best. The above eight evaluation parameters were 98.22%, 1.96, 99.16%, 100.82%, 123.14%, 0.00, 14.29% and 100.70%, respectively. The core collection contained 28 samples, and the final sampling proportion was 28.87%. There was no significant difference in the diversity index of 21 traits between the core collection and the initial collection by t test. The average coincidence rates of mean, maximum, minimum and diversity index of 21 traits between the core collection and the initial collection were 97.31%, 99.16%, 99.18% and 95.41%. The cumulative contribution rates of the six principal components of the initial and core collection were 86.64% and 87.78%, respectively. The distribution maps based on principal components of the initial and core collection had similar distribution structures. The core collection of Malania oleifera constructed has the characteristics of representativeness, validity and practicability, which can be used as the basis for the collection and preservation of Malania oleifera germplasm resources and the establishment of breeding population.

Abstract:The characteristics and variation of phenolic content and antioxidant activity, the relationship between them were compared and analyzed in fruits of 36 C .humilis superior lines resources in Inner Mongolia. Furtherly the phenolic content and antioxidant activity indexes were used as parameters to cluster and evaluate the resources of C .humilis. The results show that:⑴The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activities in fruits of different C .humilis resources showed obvious differences.⑵The phenolic content in C .humilis fruits with different flesh colors and acidity were different. The contents of the above three phenolic content in C .humilis fruits with red and orange flesh were higher than those with light red flesh. When acidity was less than 1.60%, the contents of three phenolic contentin in fruits were significantly higher than those in fruits with acidity of 1.60%-1.70% and >1.70%.⑶By clustering C .humilis resources with SPPS26.0 software as three phenolics content and antioxidant activity for the parameters respectively, C .humilis resources were divided into three phenolic content level types of high,medium, low and three antioxidant activity types of high,medium, low. Furtherfore, the C .humilis resources of three antioxidant activity types were consisted of corresponding-rank resources of three phenolic content level types.Correlation analysis also showed that the three phenolic content were positively correlated with total reducing power, ?OH scavenging rate and DPPH? scavenging rate (P<0.01). In conclusion ,total phenols, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were important components of the antioxidant activity of C .humilis fruits. The content level of the three phenolic reflected the strength of the antioxidant activity of C .humilis fruits. Six C .humilis superior lines resources with high phenol and six kinds of resources with high antioxidant activity were selected by cluster analysis, which provided basic materials for further research and application.

Abstract:21 species of Epimedium collected from China were used as study materials and common garden cultivated in Jishou university. We observed 16 floral quantitative traits including length of peduncle, diameter of flower, length and width of inner sepal, length of spur, pistil, stamen, anther and style, ovule number, diameter of pollen, pollen number and 6 floral quality traits such as inflorescence and spur type, color of petal, inner sepal and pollen of these species. The taxonomic significance was discussed through these floral traits. The results showed that: (1) The inner sepals of 21 species of Epimedium were petaloid and 4 petals specialized spur (except for Epimedium ecalcaratum). There were significant differences in floral traits among species, especially reflected in diameter of flower, length and width of inner sepal, length of spur, length of pistil, ovule number, pollen number, diameter of pollen. (2) The results of principal component analysis showed that the information load of traits including diameter of flower, length of inner sepal, length of anther, ovule number and diameter of pollen were larger, which played a major role in the classification of this genus. (3) The cluster analysis indicated that the 21 species could be divided into 4 clades: The flowers of Clade 1 were small, which petals were shorter than the inner sepals, and spurs were saccular or pocket. The flowers of Clade 2 were large, its petals were much longer than the inner sepals, and spurs were long. The flowers of Clade 3 were small, and the petals were devoid of spurs. The flowers of Clade 4 were small, the filament was obviously elongated, up to 10 mm, and the spur was subulate. (4) Compiled a key for 21 species of Epimedium based on the floral traits. This study found that the floral traits of Epimedium species based on the common garden cultivation have taxonomic significance and can provide some basis for the classification of the genus.

Abstract:Two angiosperm species, Ranunculus mongolicus (Krylov) Serg. (Ranunculaceae) and Epilobium montanum L. (Onagraceae), are reported here as newly recorded species in China, based on extensive literature survey and comprehensive examination of plant specimens in multiple herbaria worldwide, combined with molecular phylogenetic analyses. Voucher specimens are deposited at the herbaria of Beijing Forestry University (BJFC), the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE), and the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KUN).

Abstract:The lichenized fungi Candelaria asiatica D.Liu & J.-SHur, Placolecis loekoesiana (S.Y. Kondr., Farkas, J.J. Woo & Hur) An. C. Yin, Caloplaca lenae S?chting & Figueras collected from Liupanshan and Helanshan in Ningxia, are reported as new to China after revision of herbarium samples. Detailed morphological and anatomical properties of these species along with photographes are provided. Cited specimens are kept in the herbarium of Life Science School, Ningxia University (NXAC).