Abstract:Abstract :In order to verify the function of IPT gene in Psathyrostachys juncea, the tillering nodes of DT type and ST type were used as materials. The relative expression of IPT was verified by RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR test, and GO enrichment analysis was carried out. The IPT gene was cloned by PCR method, and the 1300-cYFP-IPT overexpression vector was constructed and analyzed by bioinformatics. The subcellular localization and expression of IPT protein were identified by tobacco transient transfection and Western blot. The results showed that IPT was related to the activity of tRNA dimethylallyl transferase and up-regulated in the tillering of Psathyrostachys juncea. The full-length IPT gene of Psathyrostachys juncea was cloned, and the 1300-cYFP-IPT overexpression vector was constructed with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1362 bp. Multiple sequence alignment and conserved domain analysis showed that the IPT protein of Psathyrostachys juncea had a conserved domain of PLN02840 protein, which was closely related to the IPT protein of Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum subsp. Durum. Protein secondary structure prediction showed that the secondary structure of IPT protein was composed of alpha helix, extended strand, beta turn and random coil. Analysis showed that serine phosphorylation sites were most likely to be potential phosphorylation sites for protein function. Transient transfection of tobacco showed that IPT protein was normally expressed and localized in chloroplasts. Western blot results showed that the target protein IPT of the connected vector was normally expressed, with a size of 76.8 kDa. The results showed that IPT gene up-regulated the number of tillers during the tillering process of Psathyrostachys juncea, and the 1300-cYFP-IPT vector could be normally expressed in the chloroplast of plants. This study provides experimental materials and theoretical basis for further functional verification of IPT gene in Psathyrostachys juncea.

Abstract:Picea mongolica is a rare and precious tree species in China, with excellent resistance to drought, cold and sand burial. LBD (lateral organ boundaries domain) is an important transcription factor in plant lateral organs, which plays a key role in plant growth and development and stress response. LBD genes have, however, not yet been reported in P. mongolica. In this study, the LBD gene was identified by the genome data of Picea abies and transcriptome data of P. mongolica and bioinformatics analysis were performed. The expression levels of the LBD gene in different tissues (shoot tip, main root, lateral root, stem and leaf) and under salt stress were detected by qRT-PCR. The results show that a total of 30 LBD genes (PmLBD1-30) were identified in the transcriptome of P. mongolica. Their protein sequence length ranges from 119 to 309 aa, molecular weight ranges from 10.5 to 33.4 KDa, and isoelectric point (pI) ranges from 5.15 to 9.26. Cell-PLoc subcellular localization predictions suggested that all LBD proteins were located in the nucleus. Besides, all LBD protein domains and gene structures are highly conserved and composed of similar motifs. These PmLBDs were divided into 5 categories (Class Ia~e) according to the phylogenetic tree, containing 4, 11, 5, 1 and 9 genes respectively. qRT-PCR showed that PmLBDs were expressed in different tissues. For example, PmLBD2/5/18/19 were highly expressed in stems, and PmLBD9/20/23 of Class Ib were strongly expressed in lateral roots; The expression of most LBDs strongly responded to salt stress, 17 PmLBDs were up-regulated and 6 PmLBDs were down-regulated under salt treatment, and the expression of genes in the same subfamily showed a similar trend. These results laid the foundation for further investigation of abiotic stress function and molecular breeding of the LBD gene family in P. mongolica.

Abstract:4-Coumaric acid coA ligase (4CL) is the core enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway of tea tree, the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin, and plays an important role in the resistance to stress and the formation of tea quality. In this study, through bioinformatics analysis, 8 and 9 4CL gene family members were identified from the C.sinensis ‘Huangdan’ and C.sinensis ‘Tie-guanyin’, which were named HD-Cs4CL1-8 and TGY-Cs4CL1-9, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into two groups A and B. HD-Cs4CL3, HD-Cs4CL7, TGY-Cs4CL2 of subfamily Ⅰ and HD-Cs4CL2, TGY-Cs4CL5 of subfamily Ⅱ in group A may be involved in lignin and flavonoid synthesis, respectively. A large number of cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormone, and stress response were found in 4CL gene. Analysis of transcriptome data from different tissues showed that Cs4CL gene plays an important role in the specific development stage of tea tree. Real-time fluorescence quantitative detection showed that the expressions of HD-Cs4CL6 and HD-Cs4CL8 were significantly up-regulated under GA, MeJA, ABA, 4℃, and drought treatment. The expression of HD-Cs4CL7 was up-regulated under ABA drought treatment. The expressions of HD-Cs4CL2 and HD-Cs4CL3 were up-regulated under ABA treatment. This study provides a reference for further exploring the biological mechanism of tea 4CL gene family involved in responding to various environments.

Abstract:The WRKY gene family is one of the largest and unique gene families in plants, and it is involved in various aspects of plant growth and development. But there have been no reports on WRKY12 in loquat. In this study, the EjWRKY12 gene was cloned from loquat buds and leaves using homologous cloning, and its physical and chemical properties, protein structure, evolutionary relationship, and cis-acting elements in the promoter region were analyzed using bioinformatics. The expression pattern of the gene was also analyzed in combination with transcriptome data. The results showed that the EjWRKY12 gene in loquat is 711 bp in length and encodes 236 amino acids. The homologous genes obtained by comparison are mostly related to flowering, suggesting that EjWRKY12 may be involved in loquat flowering. Promoter analysis indicated that it may be regulated by light, MeJA, gibberellin, and drought. EjWRKY12 protein was localized in the nucleus. After exogenous GA3 treatment, there was no significant difference in the expression level and trend of EjWRKY12 in leaves between the treatment group and the control group. However, in the apical bud, the expression level of EjWRKY12 in the control group was the lowest during the critical period of flowering. After GA3 treatment, the expression level of the gene increased continuously with the prolongation of treatment time, indicating that it may be a transcription factor that inhibits flowering and promotes vegetative growth. This study first cloned the EjWRKY12 gene and has guiding significance for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of loquat flowering regulation.

Abstract:bZIP ( basic leucine zipper ), as one of the most abundant members of the plant transcription factor family, is mainly involved in plant growth and development, stress response, and hormone signal transduction regulation. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of castor, a bZIP gene that was significantly up-regulated under low-temperature stress was cloned and named RcbZIP11(GenBank No. OQ506490). The coding region sequence of the RcbZIP11 gene was 492 bp in length, which deduced 163 amino acids. It was predicted to be a hydrophilic protein with a conserved bZIP _ plant _ GBF1 domain. Multiple sequence alignment showed that RcbZIP11 protein was relatively conservative during evolution. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that RcbZIP11 had the closest relationship with JcbZIP11 protein. Subcellular localization showed that the RcbZIP11 protein was localized in the nucleus. The promoter sequence of the RcbZIP11 was successfully cloned. The prediction results showed that the region had light response elements, stress response elements, and hormone induction elements. RcbZIP11 gene was expressed in different tissues ( true leaves, cotyledons, stems, and roots ) of castor, and the relative expression level was the highest in cotyledons. The relative expression levels of RcbZIP11 in roots and leaves under stress ( drought, salt, low temperature, and ABA ) were higher than 0 h, indicating that the RcbZIP11 gene was actively involved in the abiotic stress response of castor. In summary, this study lays a foundation for further exploring the function of the RcbZIP11 gene in the growth process of castor under stress conditions.

Abstract:To optimize tissue culture techniques of Alsophila spinulosa to improve the success rate and productivity of tissue culture. A.spinulosa spores were used as explants to study the effects on the four processes: spore-induced gametophytes by different growth regulators, prothallus green globular body (PGGB) induction, PGGB differentiation and sporophyte rooting. Its was studied to further explore the survival effects of different substrates on the transplantation of A.spinulosa tissue culture seedlings. The results show that：(1)Spore-induced gametophytes: The best induction effect was 1/8MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 10 g/L, with an induction rate of 64.6%and induction days of 23 d. (2)PGGB induction：The induction rate of 1/2MS+0.3 mg/L 6-BA0.3 mg/L+0.4 mg/L NAA+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6 g/L reached 100%, the fresh weight of PGGB was 1.13 g, the multiplicationratio was 11.04 and the diameter was 2.01 cm. (3)PGGB differentiation：The best differentiation effect was obtained at 1/2MS+0.3 mg/L KT+0.4 mg/L IBA +sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6 g/L, with a differentiation rate of 92.1% and a PGGB average of 41.67 differentiated buds. (4)sporophyte rooting：The rooting rate of spores in 1/2MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6 g/L was 100%. (5)Acclimatization：The survival rate of tissue culture seedlings transplanted in the substrate (red soil: humus soil: peat soil=2:1:1) was 96%. The establishment of A.spinulosa PGGB induction and regeneration system is affected by plant growth regulators, and the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings is significantly different. This study successfully constructed an efficient reproduction and regeneration system of A.spinulosa, providing technical support for furtherexploring the development mechanism of A.spinulosa in vitro culture, new species, large-scale production, and application of A.spinulosa in soil matrix.

Abstract:In this study, peach fruit "Xiaobaifeng" was treated with different concentrations of exogenous IAA (200 μmol L-1, 10 μmol L-1 and 0.1 μmol L-1) at the second rapid expansion stage. Samples were collected at 10, 20 and 30 days after treatment. The changes of hardness, sugar components (sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol), pectin, cellulose content and ethylene release of peach fruit were analyzed. The transcriptomic sequencing was performed on fruits treated with 200 μmol L-1 IAA for 30 days and in the control group. The results showed that（1）At 30 days after IAA treatment, the pulp hardness of 200 μmol L-1 treatment group was significantly increased compared with the control group, and the average maturity was delayed by 5 days, while there were no significant difference of 10 and 0.1 μmol L-1 IAA treatment group with the control group at the same time. （2） Sucrose content was significantly lower than that of the control group after 0.1 and 200 μmol L-1 IAA treatment for 30 days, but had no significant difference with that of the control group after 10 μmol L-1 IAA treatment for 30 days. There was no significant difference in the contents of glucose, fructose and sorbitol at 30 days after IAA treatment. （3）The content of soluble pectin after 0.1 μmol L-1 IAA treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group at 30 days, but was significantly lower than that of the control group at 10 and 200 μmol L-1 IAA treatment at 30 days; At 30 days after IAA treatment, there was no significant difference between the contents of insoluble pectin and cellulose in peach pulp and the control group.（4）At 10, 20 and 30 days after IAA treatment, there were no significant difference in ethylene release of 0.1 and 10μmol L-1 treatment with the control group, and the 200 μmol L-1 treatment group was significantly lower than the control group. （5）Transcriptome data showed that there were a total of 86 differentially expressed genes between the 200 μmol L-1 IAA treatment and the control group. KEGG analysis found that the expression profiles of multiple genes in 6 metabolic pathways closely related to fruit development and maturation had significant changes, and the change trend was consistent with the measured physiological indicators data. Comprehensive analysis showed that 200 μmol L-1 exogenous IAA treatment of peach fruit at the second rapid expansion stage could delay the fruit ripening process.

Abstract:Using one-year-old Gymnocarpos przewalskii seedlings as materials, the leaves of G. przewalskii seedlings were treated with 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% NaCl solution under potted conditions, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic regulatory substances were measured under each NaCl treatment. Chlorophyll content, relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, plant height, base diameter, root, stem, leaf, total dry weight, root-shoot ratio, to investigate the physiological tolerance to salt stress of G. przewalskii seedlings. The results showed as follows: (1) With the increase of salt stress, plant height, base diameter, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and total dry weight showed a decreasing trend, while the root-shoot ratio showed an increasing trend. The seedling height, base diameter and root dry weight did not change significantly under 0.4%NaCl treatment, but the stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and total dry weight were significantly lower than the control under each NaCl treatment. (2) With the aggravation of salt stress, the contents of soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in leaves of G. przewalskii seedlings were firstly increased and then decreased; While proline (Pro) content, catalase (CAT) activity, relative conductivity (REC) and MDA contents all showed an increasing trend. Under 0.8%NaCl treatment, SS and SP contents decreased, SOD and POD activities decreased, REC and MDA contents increased significantly, which severely inhibited the synthesis and accumulation of dry matter. (3) With the aggravation of salt stress, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid in the leaves of G. przewalskii seedlings decreased significantly. The comprehensive analysis showed that the growth of G. przewalskii seedlings was inhibited to different degrees under salt stress. The leaves of G. przewalskii could adapt to the salt stress environment by regulating osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant system, and thus had a certain ability of salt tolerance. When NaCl concentration exceeds 0.4%, the growth is significantly inhibited, osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity are weakened, and the membrane system is obviously damaged.

Abstract:As one of the essential elements for the growth and development of crops, nitrogen is involved in the synthesis of various nitrogenous organic substances in plants and plays an important role in their growth and development. Therefore, it is important to study the optimal application of nitrogen fertilizer for high quality and high yield of pepper and soil protection of farmland. To investigate the effect of silicon application on yield, fruit quality and nutrient uptake and utilization of pepper at different levels of nitrogen supply, the pepper variety "Audrey" was used as the test material and was grown in substrate with normal nitrogen fertilization (1.0N: 260.9 kg/667 m2), reduced nitrogen fertilization by 40% (0.6N: 149.1 kg/667 m2), reduced nitrogen fertilization by 60% (0.4N: 104.3 kg/667 m2), and no nitrogen fertilization (0N: 0 kg/667 m2)., and two levels of silica fertilizer (0 mmol/L, 1.5 mmol/L), to study the effect of silicon on nitrogen uptake and utilization and fruit quality of pepper crop under different levels of nitrogen supply, and to screen out the best fertilization treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for increasing yield and improving quality of facility pepper. The results showed that: (1) Fruit yield of pepper at 0.6N N supply level increased by 7.18%, 74.14% and 87.99% compared to that at 1.0N, 0.4N and 0N N supply levels, respectively, and silicon application further promoted fruit yield, where silicon application at 0.6N N supply level increased fruit yield of pepper by 15.33% compared to that at normal N supply level. (2) The 0.6N nitrogen supply level was more favorable to promote the increase of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C content and decrease of titratable acid and NO3- content in pepper fruits, and the soluble sugar, reducing sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C content in pepper fruits at 0.4N and 0N nitrogen supply levels were significantly lower than those at 1.0N and 0.6N levels, and the quality of pepper fruits was significantly improved after silicon application. The fruit quality of pepper at different levels of N supply was significantly improved. (3) The 0.6N N supply level was more beneficial to the accumulation of mineral elements in pepper fruits and the improvement of soil N fertilizer utilization, in which the N fertilizer utilization and N fertilizer agronomic efficiency were significantly increased by 97.57% and 69.20%, respectively, under 0.6N supply level compared with 1.0N supply level, and the mineral elements content of pepper fruits and soil N fertilizer utilization were significantly increased under different N supply levels after silicon application. (4) The results of principal component analysis of pepper yield and fruit quality indicators showed that the highest overall score was obtained under 0.6N+Si treatment, other words, the application of exogenous silicon fertilizer of 1.5 mmol/L with 40% reduction of N fertilizer had the best effect on N fertilizer uptake and utilization, fruit mineral element accumulation, fruit quality and yield of pepper.

Abstract:In order to reveal the competitive relationship between invasive weeds and herbaceous flowers, the invasive plant Conyza canadensis was used as the donor material, and the commonly used flowers Cosmos bipinnatus and Brassica juncea L. were used as the receptor materials. The allelopathic effects of the extracts of the roots and leaves of C. canadensis on the seed germination, seedling growth, antioxidant protective enzyme activities (SOD, POD and CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the receptor plants were studied. The results showed that the extracts of C. canadensis had significant allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants, which basically showed the trend of " low promotion and high inhibition ". The seed germination rate of C. bipinnata and B. juncea was the highest when the concentration of root and leaf of C. canadensis was 25 g·L-1, and the lowest when the concentration of extract was 100 g·L-1. The extract of C. canadensis has a concentration effect of low promotion and high inhibition on the growth of upper and lower hypocotyls of seedlings, and the greater the concentration, the more significant the inhibition. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in rapeseed were significantly higher than those in the control, while the activities of SOD and POD in C. bipinnatus were significantly lower than those in the control. The catalase (CAT) of C. bipinnata and B. juncea showed a trend of slowly increasing first and then decreasing. The MDA content of C. bipinnata seedlings increased gradually with the increase of the concentration of root and leaf extract, and most of them were higher than the control level. The MDA content of B. juncea seedlings increased gradually with the increase of the concentration of root extract, and decreased with the increase of the concentration of leaf extract, but most of them were significantly lower than the control level. The study found that the extract of C. canadensis showed the allelopathic effect of " low promotion and high inhibition " on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two kinds of flowers. The comprehensive effect was that the B. juncea was greater than the C. bipinnata, and the root extract was greater than the leaf extract.

Abstract:Abstract: To explore the physiological adaptation mechanism of Alchornea trewioides to the arid environment of karst area, The growth, photosynthetic pigments and fluorescence parameters of one-year-old cutting seedlings of Alchornea trewioides under light drought stress (14d), moderate drought stress (28d), and severe drought stress (42d) and re-watering conditions were measured and analyzed. The results showed that : (1) With the prolongation of drought stress time, the relative water content of leaves decreased significantly, and the plant height and basal diameter increased slowly. After re-watering, the relative water content of leaves increased significantly, while the plant height and basal diameter did not change significantly. (2) With the extension of drought stress time, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), chlorophyll [Chl (a+b) ] and Chla/b in the leaves of cutting seedlings increased first and then decreased, and were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) after different degrees of drought stress and rewatering. After rewatering under mild and moderate drought stress, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), chlorophyll [Chl (a+b) ] and Chla/b in the leaves of cutting seedlings were higher than those of the control, and they could be restored to the control level after rewatering under severe drought stress. (3) With the aggravation of drought stress, the fluorescence parameter Fo of cutting seedlings increased significantly, Fm, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm decreased gradually, the parameters ABS/RC, TRo/RC and ETo/RC representing the activity of unit reaction center increased significantly, the parameters Ψpo, Ψo and ΨEo representing the electron transport activity of receptor side decreased, and the parameter DIo/RC representing heat dissipation increased sharply. After rewatering under different drought stress, Fo, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC, ΨDo were lower than those under drought stress, Fm, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, Ψpo, Ψo and ΨEo were moderately restored, Fm could return to CK level, while Ψo and ΨEo did not return to CK level. It can be seen that the growth of Alchornea trewioides seedlings was less affected by mild and moderate drought stress, but more affected by severe drought stress. The content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments in leaves increased significantly after drought stress. The PSII reaction center was inactivated, the electron transfer was blocked, and the heat dissipation increased under severe drought stress, but it could still be restored to a certain extent when the water environment conditions were improved. Therefore, the Alchornea trewioides has strong drought resistance and high post-drought recovery ability, and can be used as a pioneer species in the process of vegetation restoration in Karst areas.

Abstract:Phosphorus is an indispensable nutrient element for plant growth, while organic phosphorus is an important component of soil phosphorus pool, and its activity is closely related to soil phosphorus supply capacity. With the method of field investigation and indoor analysis, the distribution characteristics of organic phosphorus components in soil aggregates of different types of C. lanceolata stands were studied by taking pure C. lanceolata stands, mixed C. lanceolata and Michelia macclurei forests, and mixed C. lanceolata and Mytilaria laosensis in Pingxiang, Guangxi. The results showed that except highly stable organic phosphorus, which was mainly distributed in large particle size aggregates, the content of organic phosphorus in other components increased with the decrease of particle size, The content of organic phosphorus in aggregate with particle size<0.25 mm is the highest, and the storage of organic phosphorus in aggregate with particle size<2 mm is the highest due to the influence of particle size distribution< The stability indexes of 0.25mm and>2mm aggregates and soil aggregates were significantly positively correlated with the reserves of various organic phosphorus components. On the basis of maintaining soil stability, the reserves of soil organic phosphorus could be effectively increased by increasing the proportion of>2mm and<0.25mm aggregates; Among the three forest types, the mixed forest of C. lanceolata and Michelia macclurei can effectively improve the stability of soil aggregates and increase soil organic phosphorus reserves. Therefore, the selection of suitable mixed tree species will help to improve the quality of soil ecological environment and promote the sustainable management of forest resources.

Abstract:Leontice incerta Pall. is a perennial early-spring flowering plant of the Berberidaceae, which grows in the cold deserts and low hills in northern of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China, which has ornamental value, feeding value and ecological value. In order to explore the sexual reproductive traits of this species and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent cultivation and breeding work, the megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophytes of this species were observed by optical microscope and paraffin sectioning technique. The results show that: (1) Anthers of this species are tetradymous, and the wall of the anther consists of 5 layers of cells and develops into a basic type. The endothecium shows fibrous thickening in the later stage of development. The glandular tapetum has two or multiple nuclei. (2) Cytokinesis of the meiosis of microspore mother cells is simultaneous, the microspore tetrads are arranged in tetrahedral type. The wall of tetrads become thicker by the deposition of callose and when free microspores are formed, the callose wall is gradually dissolved. Mature pollen grains are mostly 2-cell type, occasionally 3-cell type. (3) The pistil of this species has a single carpel. The ovary has one chamber, and the ovules are anatropous with bitegmic and crassinucellate. The megaspore tetrad is arranged in a linear and eventually develops into a polygonum embryo sac with 7-cell and 8-nucleus. Synergids have well-developed funnel-shaped filiform apparatus. These features illustrate that the megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophytes in L. incerta are normal, and no abortion was observed, showing more original developmental traits. The results enrich the embryological data of the Berberidaceae, and accumulate theoretical basis for the study of reproductive biology of this species and its related species.

Abstract:In order to reveal the diversity characteristics and conservation status of medicinal seed plant resources in the Zayü River Basin of Tibet, the methods of route and typical plots, sample square sets, and field specimen collection were used to conduct in-depth investigation of medicinal seed plants in the area, and systematic analysis was carried out on plant life forms, medicinal parts, medicinal properties, medicinal tastes, medicinal effects, wild key medicinal plants, and flora components, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference value for the rational utilization and scientific management of medicinal seed plants in the study area. The results showed that: (1) There were 846 species (including varieties) of medicinal seed plants in 114 families, 427 genera in 114 families, including 14 species in 8 genera in 4 families of gymnosperms, 832 species in 419 genera in 110 families of angiosperms, and monofamily, oligophyllaceae, monophytes and oligophylls were the main components at the level of medicinal seed plants in the study area. (2) The life form is mainly herbaceous medicinal plants. (3) Whole herbs, roots and rhizomes were used in medicinal parts for medicinal purposes, accounting for 45.51% and 44.21% of the total number of species, respectively. (4) Warm medicinal plants accounted for 27.66% of the total number of species, ranking first among medicinal plant resources. (5) Bitter medicinal plants accounted for 61.94% of the total number of species, accounting for the highest proportion of medicinal plants. (6) Clearing heat was the main effect of medicinal seed plants in the Zayü River Basin, accounting for 29.43% of the total number of seeds. (7) The medicinal flora showed the nature of transition from tropical components to temperate components, and the distribution types were complex and diverse. The results show that in order to improve the utilization efficiency of medicinal seed plant resources in the Zayü River Basin, herbaceous medicinal seed plants can be used as the first choice for the development and utilization of raw materials for plateau characteristic industries.

Abstract:In this study, the developmental anatomy of the roots of Bupleurum yinchowense was studied using paraffin sectioning and fluorescence microscopy. The results show that (1) The root apical meristem of B. yinchowense is composed of promeristem and primary meristem. The promeristem are characterized by small size, closely arranged, dense cytoplasm and large nucleus, showing characteristics of typical meristem. (2) The primary meristem consists of calyptrogen, protoepidermis, ground meristem and plerome. During the development of the primary root structure, the protoepidermis forms epidermis, the ground meristem develops into cortex, and the plerome forms vascular cylinder, and the epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder form the primary structure of the root. The primary xylem of B. yinchowense roots is diarch or infrequent triarch, and the development of which is exarch. The the root epidermal cell walls is characterized by thickening in the radial walls. (3) In the root secondary growth, the original cambium between the primary xylem and the primary phloem continue to divide and produce vascular cambium. The vascular cambium continuously produces secondary phloem outward and forms secondary xylem inward. At the same time, the pericyclic cells differentiate continuely and form the cork cambium, and the cork cambium forms the cork layer outward and the phelloderm inward. During the development process of the B. yinchowense roots, the secretory canals with different shapes and sizes are detected in the secondary phloem and pericycle tissue, both of which are secondary and schizogenous. The results showed that the structure of Bupleurum yinchowense root was similar to B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, but the thickening of the radial walls of the root epidermal cells, the distribution of wood fibers, the size and number of secretory canals and so on were different from other plants in Bupleurum, which could be used as an important basis for the classification and identification.

Abstract:In order to investigate the breeding characteristics of Primula vulgaris, the floral characteristics, pollen and style morphology, pollen vigor, stigma fertility, pollen/ovule ratio, hybridization index, hybridization affinity, and pollen tube observation of pin and thrum of Primula vulgaris were investigated through greenhouse cultivation. The results showed that:(1) The corolla diameter, corolla tube length, stigma height, anther height, and mid-tube diameter of long and short styles showed amphidiploidy. (2) Pollen and stigma observations revealed differences in pollen polar axis length, pollen equatorial axis length, stigma diameter, stigma papilla cells, and pollen counts. (3) Pollen/ovule ratios of the long styles were 384.20, and those of the short styles, 369.70. It belonged to the type of parthenocarpic heterosis; the pollen viability and stigma pollinability of long and short styles maintained high viability for a longer period of time. (4) The value of hybridization index of the long styles was 5, and that of the short styles was 4, which indicated that the type of the breeding system was heterozygous, with partial autogamous affinities, and pollinators were needed; the six pollination combinations were all able to set fruit, and the number of fruits of heterozygous interflower pollination was significantly higher than that of homozygous self-pollination and heterozygous homozygous pollination; the short styles were the The affinity of heterotypic interflowers pollination combination with short styles as the mother was better than the other combinations; self-incompatibility existed in P. europaea, and the self-incompatibility of long styles was lower than that of short styles.

Abstract:A newly naturalized genus Bradburia Torr. & A.Gray and a newly naturalized species B. pilosa (Nutt.) Semple found in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province were both reported in China. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on nuclear gene (ITS) has determined the phylogenetic position of Bradburia, which is closely related to Chrysopsis (Nuttall) Elliot. Compared to Chrysopsis, Bradburia is recognized by its stems with pilose or hispid, basal leaves petiolate and nearly sessile and capitulum borne singly. Compared to other species of the genus, B. pilosa is recognized by its densely pilose, basal leaves persistent and nearly sessile, ray-florets and disc-florets have distinct pappi in 2 series, and the length of the inner is 5-10 times that of the outer. This species originally appeared at Changbei Airport in Nanchang in 2015 and might be brought by an unscheduled plane from a North American flight. By the end of 2022, it had spread to the economic and technological development zone 15 kilometers away, showing a significant invasion tendency.

Abstract:Perrottetia racemosa (Oliv.) Loes. is reported here as a new record to Shaanxi Province, added 1 new record family, Dipentodontaceae, and 1 new record genus, Perrottetia Kunth, to the seed flora of Shaanxi Province. The background of this family was introduced, photos of this species were provided, and the habitat characteristics of this species were briefly analyzed. The voucher specimens were deposited in herbarium of Shandong Forest and Grass Germplasm Resource Center (SDFGR) and Herebarium of Xi"an Botanical Garden, Shaanxi Province (XBGH).

Abstract:The formation of isoprenylated phenolic compounds is catalyzed by prenyltransferase from the UbiA family, which transfer isoprenyl groups to the backbone of aromatic compounds. The isoprenylation of aromatic compounds increases the lipophilic properties and affinity to biomembranes, resulting in the formation of various bioactive molecules that play important roles in plant defense and human health. In this article, a total of 540 isoprenylated phenolic compounds, including 380 flavonoids, 80 coumarins, 27 quinones, 32 stilbenes, 16 p-hydroxybenzoic acids and 5 phenylpropionic acids were systematically reviewed in terms of their substituent groups, substituent positions and distribution in plants. So far, there are more than 30 of aromatic prenyltransferase identified in plants, and the substitution sites are relatively single. This review provided valuable reference in the selection of acceptor and donor molecules, thus aiding the identification of more prenyltransferase.