Abstract:The seedlings of P.cornutum(L.) Gaertn. and P.dolabratum Maxim. were used as experimental materials. Observed the growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and gas exchange parameters under 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol·L-1 cinnamic acid and phthalic acid treatment. To explore the effect on photosynthetic characteristics of Pugionium Gaertn. The results showed :(1) Cinnamic acid and phthalic acid promoted seedling growth at low concentrations and inhibited seedling growth at high concentrations. The growth of P.dolabratum Maxim. was inhibited. 10 mmol·L-1 cinnamic acid and phthalic acid treatment had the most significant growth inhibition effect on Pugionium Gaertn. (2) Chl a, Chl b and Chl.a+b decreased in different degrees after treatment with different concentrations of cinnamic acid and phthalic acid. (3) Pn, Tr, Gs at 10 mmol·L-1 were significantly lower than that of the control, while Ci had no significant change. The main reasons for the reduction of photosynthetic rate were non-stomatal factors. (4) Fv/Fm、ФPSII、qP at 10 mmol·L-1 were significantly lower than that of the control and NPQ were significantly higher than control. The study found that the high concentrations of phthalic acid and cinnamic acid inhibited photosynthesis and reduced photosynthetic rate in seedlings, resulting in the impairment of PSII reaction center activity and opening in leaves of these two species, which subsequently affected the growth of Pugionium Gaertn. In addition, the effects of cinnamic acid and phthalic acid on photosynthetic characteristics of Pugionium Gaertn. were different, which might be due to different plant types and stress types.

Abstract:【Objective】To understand the effects of compound saline and alkaline stresses with different salt distribution ratios and different concentration gradients on the growth and physiological indexes of resistance of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grape (Vitis vinfera "Cabernet Sauvignon") seedlings. To confirm the range of salinity tolerance and its ability to tolerate salinity.【Methods】One-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon seedlings were used as test materials, and three groups of neutral, weakly alkaline, and strongly alkaline salt solutions were mixed with NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 in different ratios, with a concentration gradient of 50, 100, and 150 mmol/L for each group, and no treatment solution was used as control. The solution without treatment was used as the control, and the seedlings were watered regularly during the growth period. Different types and degrees of saline and alkaline stress were simulated through indoor potting experiments, and the growth morphology, physiology and photosynthetic indexes of the seedlings were measured at different periods after the treatment.【Results】1) Stem thickness and leaf area showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of salt stress concentration, while the plant height of "Cabernet Sauvignon" seedlings basically showed a decreasing trend. The plant height of "Cabernet Sauvignon" seedlings was significantly lower in the 150 mmol/L treatment for 10 d and 150 mmol/L treatment for 40 d in the strongly alkaline salt stress group compared with that in the neutral and weakly alkaline groups during the same period of time; 2) SOD activity and MDA content showed an increase and then a decrease with the increase of salt concentration. MDA content showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, while the POD activity of "Cabernet Sauvignon" seedling leaves showed a trend of slow increase, the POD activity of leaves in the strongly alkaline salt stress group was higher than that of the neutral and weakly alkaline salt stress treatment group of the same concentration in the treatment of 30-50 d. However, with the prolongation of the time treatment, the POD activity of "Cabernet Sauvignon" seedlings was lower than that of the other two treatment groups of the same concentration in the treatment of 60 d, but with the prolongation of the time treatment, it gradually decreased. lower than the other two treatment groups with the same concentration, in which the 150 mmol/L concentration showed more obvious. 3) Intercellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grape seedlings mainly showed a decreasing trend with the increase of salinity concentration, and their intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthetic rate were higher in the treatment of 50 mmol/L concentration. Under the same salt concentration treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves was significantly lower than that of neutral and weakly alkaline treatment groups under strong alkaline salt stress at 150 mmol/L for 75 d. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves was significantly lower than that of neutral and weakly alkaline treatment groups under the same salt concentration treatment. 4) Under the same salt concentration, the height and maximum leaf area of seedlings treated with strong alkaline salt stress were significantly lower than those of the neutral and weak alkaline salt treatment groups; the leaf SOD activity was significantly increased by 27% in the 50 mmol/L neutral salt stress treatment compared with that of the CK; and the MDA content of the leaves increased significantly and gradually with the prolongation of time under the 150 mmol/L strong alkaline salt stress.【Conclusion】The growth of "Cabernet Sauvignon" seedlings was limited under saline stress, but its plant height, leaf area, intercellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate showed good growth trends under 50 mmol/L concentration treatment, while its plant height and stem thickness grew the least significantly under strong alkaline salt stress of 150 mmol/L saline solution. The growth of plant height and stem thickness was the least obvious under 150 mmol/L saline solution of strong alkaline salt stress; 50 mmol/L saline treatment was favourable to the growth of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine seedlings in a certain low concentration range.

Abstract:This paper studied the changes, response mechanism and correlation of functional traits of Leymus chinensis during vegetative growth period under different levels of organic fertilizer, in an attempt to provide reference for the dynamic study of resources, environment and plant functional characters and the restoration of grassland ecosystem. The changing trend, difference, correlation and influence coefficient of functional characters of Leymus chinensis were analyzed by conic equation fitting, single factor multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and integral (stepwise) regression. The results show that (1) Organic fertilizer could increase the leaf length, leaf area, natural leaf width, unfolded leaf width, specific leaf area, stem length, stem mass, and single plant mass of L. chinensis sativus from increasing at first and then decreasing. At the same time, the content of leaf dry matter and stem dry matter decreased. (2) Organic fertilizer could change the correlation among functional characters of Leymus chinensis, enhance the correlation between leaf area and specific leaf area, stem length and stem mass, and stem length and single plant mass, decrease the correlation between single leaf mass and single plant mass, leaf width and plant height. (3) Organic fertilizer could change the contribution rate of Leymus chinensis phenotypic traits (leave, stem, and plant height) to the single plant mass, and with the increase of fertilization level, the contribution rates of leave, stem and plant height tends to be balanced. The order of phenotypic traits affecting single plant mass of L. chinensis was leaf trait > plant height > stem trait. It was found that short-term application of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the functional characters of Leymus chinensis, and the effect mainly occurred in the later stage of vegetative growth of Leymus chinensis, especially on the single plant mass. Among them, leaf length, unfolding leaf width, leaf area and plant height have great influence on the single plant mass of Leymus chinensis, while plant height is the most stable factor driving the change of single plant mass of Leymus chinensis. At the same time, the correlation between functional characters of Leymus chinensis was also affected by the level of fertilization. Fertilization not only enhanced the correlation of some functional traits, but also weakened the correlation among other traits, and there was a certain balance as a whole.

Abstract:Apocynum venetum L. is a precious wild plant germplasm resource in China, which has important medicinal value, ecological value and economic value. Although A. venetum is a plant with strong salt tolerance, the wild population has gradually decreased with the destruction of habitat and the increase of soil salinization. To explore the mechanism of salt tolerance of A. venetum is of great significance for the protection and utilization of wild germplasm resources. In this study, TMT technology was used to conduct quantitative proteomic research on A. venetum under salt stress, and different proteins at different time points were found by Venn analysis. The 11 common differential proteins were mainly concentrated in protein-FAD linkage, negative regulation of transporter activity, negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity, negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport, negative regulation of anion channel activity, and thiazole metabolism. The interaction analysis of differential protein networks showed that ribosomal proteins were the main proteins obtained by the interaction of differential protein networks at different stress times, among which the ribosomal protein L2-2 (TRINITY_DN13265_c0_g1_i1_9) was the core protein in the differential proteins at 12 h and 24 h under stress. The results indicated that ribosomal proteins played an important role in the response of A. venetum to salt stress. In this study, the key proteins of A. venetum in response to salt stress were screened, the molecular resources related to A. venetum salt stress response were expanded, and the theoretical basis was provided for the discovery and utilization of natural resistance germplasm of A. venetum.

Abstract:【Objective】 Flavonols play an important role in the growth and development of plant, and the resistance to stress of plant. In order to explore relevant information of flavonols synthase gene of Menyuan rapeseed in Qinghai province, and provide a reference for further analysis of BpFLS gene function. 【Methods】 The authors utilized the transcriptome to analyze the pollen of Menyuan rapeseed in Qinghai province and Zhengzhou rapeseed in Henan province as materials. At the same time, the differentially expressed flavonol synthase genes were selected for bioinformatics analysis and RACE-PCR cloning. 【Results】 The results showed that: (1) 6 收稿日期:2023-06-20 修改稿收到日期:2023-10-24 基金项目:中央高校科研经费项目（lzujbky-2022-kb05）；河南省科技厅自然科学类普通科技攻关项目（212102110050） 作者简介:刘晓宁(1985—)，女，博士，副教授，主要从事植物分子生物学研究。E-mail：Xiaoningliu2016@126.com differentially expressed flavonol synthase genes in rape pollen were screened by transcriptome analysis, and BpFLS1-1 gene was the most differentially expressed and up-regulated in the pollen of Menyuan rapeseed. (2) The amino acid sequence encoded by BpFLS1-1 gene has both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone-3-hydroxylase activity. (3) BpFLS1-1 gene might contain a new coding region sequence with a length of 1 170 bp. 【Conclusion】 It is speculated that BpFLS1-1 gene may play an important role in the accumulation of flavonoids in pollen and stress resistance in Menyuan rapeseed.

Abstract:【Objective】 The transcription factor ERFs have various biological functions, and play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and responding to stress. Previous studies have shown that SmERF1 from Salvia miltiorrhiza, participated in plant response to stress. To further elucidate the potential functions of SmERF1, and to further lay a foundation for the study of resistance and seed development of medicinal plants. 【Methods】SmERF1 was hetero-expressed in the model plant tobacco mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in this study. The resistance of transgenic plants was evaluated through determining the plant resistance-related enzyme activity. The levels of hormones such as GA and ABA, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression changes of key enzyme genes involved in hormone biosynthesis were detected with qPCR methods. 【Results】 The results showed that: (1) SmERF1-expressing tobacco plants showed slower growth, less biomass and a decrease in chlorophyll only at the seedling stage with no significant difference in other growth stages. In addition, seeds of tobacco plants with SmERF1 expressed were smaller and lighter than those of wild plants. (2) Under NaCl treatment, the transgenic tobacco lines showed better tolerance to salinity, and the proline content, SOD and POD activities of transgenic lines were higher than those of wild-type plants, while MDA content was lower than that of wild-type plants. (3) we determined the phytohormones related to plant resistance, and the results showed that transgenic tobacco plants had higher ABA levels but lower GA levels as compared to wild type plants. The expression of SmERF1 regulated the expression of key enzyme genes related to plant hormone biosynthesis, such as NtSDR, NtGA20ox, NtACO and NtACS. 【Conclusion】 This study suggests that SmERF1 enhanced tobacco tolerance to salt and regulated seed size through the ABA-dependent pathway.

Abstract:To explore the differences in the gene expression of roots and leaves of Semiliquidambar cathayensis, and the expression rules of key genes in the biosynthesis of key active components of S. cathayensis. We carried out transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis for the roots and leaves of S. cathayensis. 59378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into three major classes in GO classification, mainly involving biological process functions (50.59%). 626 DEGs were annotated in 24 categories of the KOG classification. A total of 81 differentially expressed genes involved in phenylpropane biosynthesis, 110 differentially expressed genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, and 211 differentially expressed genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. The transcriptomic data of roots and leaves of S. cathayensis were obtained, which laid a foundation for the study of functional identification, secondary metabolic pathway and regulation mechanism of S. cathayensis.

Abstract:【Objective】 In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of the formation of seed number per pod in Brassica juncea L. and Brassica crops, and lay a foundation for improving the yield and breeding of B. juncea. 【Methods】 In this investigation, 221 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were engineered using the B.juncea L. The study aimed to analyze the additive quantitative trait loci (QTL), additive × additive epistatic effects, and genotype × environment interaction effects on the number of seeds per siliqua in mustard-type rapeseed across five distinct environmental settings. 【Results】 The analysis identified a total of seven additive QTL associated with the number of seeds per siliqua, predominantly localized on chromosomes A02, A03, A05, A08, B02, and B03 of mustard-type rapeseed. The magnitude of additive effects ranged from -11.642 4 to 4.524 6, with the most significant additive effect observed in qSS2-71 (-11.642 4), which also demonstrated the highest heritability at 14.44%. The remaining six additive QTL exhibited less pronounced additive effects and heritabilities. Moreover, the study detected seven pairs of additive × additive QTL interactions influencing the number of seeds per siliqua and their corresponding interactions with the environment. The effects of these epistatic QTL interactions ranged from -4.930 8 to 4.193 6, with the genetic effects of these interactions across different environments approximating zero. Broad-sense heritability of the number of seeds per siliqua trait was 80.98%, while the narrow-sense heritability was 30.98%. 【Conclusion】 Although the number of seeds per siliqua in mustard-type rapeseed is somewhat influenced by environmental factors, the additive effects governing this trait appear to be minimally impacted by the environment, and the epistatic QTL interactions are not substantial.

Abstract:【Objective】 The study not only explored the mechanism of flower colour formation in rose but also provided theoretical references and receptor cultivars for flower colour breeding, by the quantitative evaluation and correlation analysis of the physicochemical factors affecting the coloration of rose petals. There was of great significance for exploring the mechanism of flower color formation and germplasm innovation. 【Methods】 8 cultivars of rose with different flower colors were used as experimental materials to measure and compare the physicochemical indexes such as petal color parameter, pH value of petal cell, metal ions content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoids content, and total chlorophyll content, etc., and the anthocyanin components qualitatively and quantitatively were analyzed. 【Results】 Results showed: (1) There were significant differences between the physicochemical factors of different flower colors of roses, among which the factors such as pH value of petal cell, Fe3+, Ca2+, Al3+ content, and the total anthocyanin content and total flavonoids content were closely related to the formation of petal color, but the changes in the content of total flavonoids and total anthocyanin played direct roles, and the factors such as metal ions and pH value of petal cell affected the flower color by changing the structure of the anthocyanidin. (2) The anthocyanin components contained in the petals of the 8 roses were mainly compounds formed by the glycosidation of cyanidin and pelargonidin; and the flavonoids were mainly derivatives such as glycosylated or acylated of quercetin and kaempferol. Among them, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside dominated in the roses and mainly regulated the formation of purplish-red flowers; followed by pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside, which mainly regulated the formation of orange and red flowers. Yellow flowers contained very little anthocyanin and were mainly regulated by carotenoids; orange flowers were dually regulated by both anthocyanin and carotenoids; and white flowers contained almost no anthocyanin. Rutin was abundant in all 8 rose cultivars, but there was no significant correlation with petal formation. (3) The cluster analysis of the anthocyanin components in 8 rose petals revealed that the pink-purple cultivar ''Lavender Flower Circus'' was always clustered in a separate group with high rutin content and small anthocyanin content. 【Conclusion】 It was shown that the type and content of anthocyanins directly affected the flower colour of rose, while flavonoids assisted in the formation of anthocyanin, and factors such as pH value of petal cell, Fe3+, Ca2+ and Al3+ content indirectly affected the flower colour. Among the 8 selected cultivars of rose, the pink-purple cultivar ''Lavender Flower Circus'' was the most suitable recipient cultivar for flower colour improvement due to its excellent anthocyanin composition and high pH value of petal cell.

Abstract:【Objective】 To lay a foundation for the subsequent use of multi-omics methods to explore the metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of important medicinal compounds of Tilia miqueliana Maxim., and provide a theoretical basis for the harvesting of flowers, the chemical composition of T. miqueliana flowers and the content changes of its signature components, flavonoids, in different growing stages were investigated. 【Methods】 The 10-year-old T. miqueliana was used as the test material, this experiment conducted to explore chemical components of flower and flavonoid content differences using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). 【Results】 The results showed that, (1) A total of 46 compounds were identified, including 13 organic acids and their derivatives, 4 coumarins and their derivatives, 1 ester, and 28 flavonoids. (2) The flower opening stage was the cut-off point for significant changes in metabolites. Compared with the bud stage, the metabolites changed more significantly during flowering. (3) Multiple comparison analysis showed that the content of 26 flavonoids differed significantly (P < 0.05) in flowers at different phenological stages. Afzelin, kaempferitrin, quercitrin, hesperidin taxifolin and apigenin 7-O-glucuronide were higher at the flower opening stage. Final bud stage had higher concentrations of proanthocyanidin A2 and three proanthocyanidin trimers. 【Conclusion】 The development status could be an important factor in determining the content of secondary metabolites in the flowers of T. miqueliana. The signature compound at the final bud stage was proanthocyanidin A2, and at full bloom stage is apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, both of them were valuable for harvesting.

Abstract:Abstract In order to explore the effects of salt stress on the growth and secondary metabolites of Periploca sepium seedlings, preliminarily understand the salt tolerance range of Periploca sepium and the induction effect of salt stress on secondary metabolites of Periploca sepium. This experiment was conducted on the seedlings of Periploca sepium cultivated for 30 days to determine the changes in biomass, total steroids components, cardiac glycosides (periplocin,periplocymarin and periplogenin), and 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde content of Periploca sepium seedlings treated with different salt concentrations (0 (CK), 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%). The results showed that the Periploca sepium seedlings grew well under low concentrations of salt stress, and the dry and fresh weight of the aboveground and underground parts increased to varying degrees. Their dry to wet ratio also gradually increased with the increase of salt stress level; The content of the main effective components in the plant, such as total steroids and cardiac glycosides, showed a significant upward trend under moderate salt stress concentration, while the content of 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde significantly increased under high concentrations of salt stress. Research has found that Periploca sepium has high salt tolerance, and salt stress within a certain range can significantly increase the content of main pharmacological secondary metabolites in the roots and stems of Periploca sepium seedlings.

Abstract:【Objective】 This study aims to construct a reliable core germplasm of Pinus yunnanensis for timber-used, enhance the research on its breeding, development, and utilization, and solve the challenges of its wide distribution, high preservation cost, and preservation difficulties, thereby promoting its effective utilization. 【Methods】 The original germplasm was derived from 780 sample plants of 26 natural P. yunnanensis populations, with 18 phenotypic traits serving as the original data, the study used 18 phenotypic traits as the original data and employed two distinct construction strategies (geographical perspective and an enhanced minimum distance stepwise sampling method) to assess the representativeness of the core germplasm constructed using different strategies. 【Results】 The findings indicated that: (1)The genetic diversity index of the germplasm subset, which included 219 samples constructed from a geographical perspective, was significantly lower than that of the four subsets constructed by the enhanced minimum distance stepwise sampling method, however, it was slightly higher than the original germplasm. The germplasm subset and the original germplasm had MD value of 3.921%, VD value of 83.33%, CR value of 82.207%, and VR value of 99.48%. A principal component analysis of the original germplasm quality and the germplasm subset''s 18 traits revealed cumulative contribution rates of 79.376% and 82.163%, respectively, the germplasm subset distribution was relatively concentrated. (2)The enhanced minimum distance stepwise sampling method was utilized to construct four seed proton sets with sampling ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Among these, the germplasm subset with a 20% sampling ratio proved to be the most effective, with a diversity index significantly higher than the original germplasm. The germplasm subset with 20 % sampling proportion and the original germplasm had MD value of 6.363%, VD value of 83.33%, CR value of 91.099%, and VR value of 124.448%. A principal component analysis was conducted on a germplasm subset with a 20% sampling proportion, revealing a cumulative contribution rate of 83.539%, which exceeded that of the original germplasm. The germplasm subset distribution range encompassed the entire sampling range. 【Conclusion】 The study demonstrates that core collections, constructed using different methods, yield varying degrees of genetic diversity from the original germplasm, while both construction methods could represent the core collection of P. yunnanensis germplasm resources. The germplasm subset derived from the geographical perspective offers more advantages in terms of collection, preservation, and renewal of these resources, this approach could provide a scientific method for the preservation of P. yunnanensis germplasm resources and the breeding of superior germplasm, offering a novel reference method for the construction of other germplasm resources.

Abstract:【Objective】 The study of the functional trait variation and environmental drivers of woody oilseed plants in different origins is of great significance for the construction of core breeding populations and the selection of improved seeds. 【Methods】 In this study, three of the largest existing natural forests of Acer truncatum in China, such as Udantara, Pine Mountain and Dai Chintara distributed around the Horqin Sandy Land, the functional traits of leaves and seeds and the soil physicochemical properties were determined, and the methods of ANOVA, correlation analysis, RDA ranking analysis and PLS-SEM model were used to study the degree of variation of functional traits and the correlation between traits and the environment in different origins in Inner Mongolia. To explore the relationship between functional traits and environmental factors of A. truncatum. 【Result】 The results showed that: (1) The differences in each functional trait of the three A. truncatum were obvious, and the coefficient of variation of each trait was as follows: specific leaf area (SLA) >oleic acid content (OA) >seed aspect ratio (ZC∶ZK> carbon-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) > nerve acid content (NA) >seed oil content (OC) >linoleic acid (LOA) >The leaf carbon content (LCC), the inter-source coefficient of variation ranged from 3.81%~19.51%, and the intra-source variation coefficient ranged from 3.60%~14.64%, and the inter-source variation was greater than the intra-source variation. (2) Among the three source areas, the content of oil and linoleic acid was the highest in the Dai Chintara area, and the highest content of nerve acid in the Udantara area. (3) The correlation results showed that there was a significant correlation between the functional traits of A. truncatum and environmental factors. (4) The RDA analysis results showed that environmental factors could explain 24.1% of the functional trait variation of A. truncatum, soil organic matter (SOM) and temperature seasonal coefficient of variation (BIO-4) were the dominant ecological factors, and meteorology and soil jointly determined the variation of A. truncatum functional traits, and meteorological factors played a leading role. (5) The PLS-SEM model showed that the path coefficient between the leaf and seed traits and the oil index of A. truncatum was small, and the synergy effect was not significant, and the average annual temperature was the main influencing factor of the oil-related indexes of A. truncatum fat, and its correlation with oil showed a negative correlation, that is, the lower temperature was conducive to the accumulation of solid oil of A. truncatum seed. 【Conclusion】 This study found that meteorology is the dominant environmental factor driving the variation of functional traits of A. truncatum, and temperature is the key factor determining the solid oil content of A. truncatum seeds, which can provide a theoretical basis for the directional cultivation of A. truncatum for oil.

Abstract:【Objective】 The study aims to explore the responsive and adapted routine of leaf functional traits of Atractylodes chinensis to Horqin sandland. 【Methods】 Through a homogeneous gardening experiment, selection of semi-wild Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. seeds from four seed sources were transplanted to the Chinese (Mongolian) medicinal herb research base in Naiman Banner. The leaves of three-year-old A. chinensis were used as research materials. The purpose of this experiment was to examine how A. chinensis''s leaf structure and functional properties responded to and adapted to the sandy land of Horqin. 【Results】 The findings indicated that the degree of leaf cleavage in the lower portion of the A. chinensis introduced from Zhalute Banner was more evident;additionally, the thickness of the upper and lower epidermal cells of the leaves of the A. chinensis introduced from Weichang County and Zhalute Banner were found to have significantly higher coefficients of variation and plasticity indices than those of the other seed source sites; additionally, their fenestration sea ratios and the tightness of their tissues and structures were greater;The top layer of A. chinensis leaves from Arong Banner and Zhalute Banner sources had a greater number of stomata,whereas the upper layer of A. chinensis leaves from Harqin Banner had a very tiny number of stomata and a low stomatal density.A. chinensis leaves from the Zhalute Banner and Weichang County sources had a robust photosynthetic capacity,and the leaves from the Harqin Banner sources had a notably greater number of stomata in the lower epidermis than the leaves from the other three sources. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive investigation revealed that A. chinensis from Weichang County and Zhalute Banner were highly adaptable to the Horqin Sandy soil.

Abstract:【Objective】 The purposes of the study was to elucidate the adaptive traits of vegetative organ structure in Orchidaceae to Karst habitats, reveal the survival strategies of different orchid species in response to habitat heterogeneity, and provide theoretical support and reference for the research, protection and development of orchid species. 【Methods】 An investigation was conducted on the leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots of six Orchidaceae species with varying life forms in the Karst region of Beipan River, Guizhou Province. The paraffin section technique was employed to examine the structure and quantify relevant parameters. Descriptive and variance analyses, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were employed for data analysis. 【Results】 The findings revealed that: (1) There were significant differences in structural characteristics among different orchid species. Cymbidium qiubeiense, Cymbidium cyperifolium, Cymbidium lancifolium and Pholidota leveilleana were isofacial leaves with thin leaves. The leaves of Coelogyne flaccida and Bulbophyllum andersonii were heterofacial, with palisade tissue and spongy tissue differentiation, and the leaves were thicker. (2) Pseudobulbs are mainly composed of epidermis, basic tissue and vascular bundle. The cells of basic tissue are small and the density of vascular bundle is large. The basic tissue cells of the pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchid are larger and the water storage structure is more developed. (3) The root coat and cortex of ground orchid are thick, the root coat cells are closely arranged, and the cortical cells are more small layers. The rhizome and cortex of epiphyte orchids are thin, and the cortical cells are large. (4) The thickness of the lower epidermis of leaves was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness, leaf vascular bundle diameter, leaf flesh thickness, and leaf vein thickness (P < 0.01), while leaf flesh thickness was significantly negatively correlated with lower cuticle thickness and stem vascular bundle diameter (P < 0.05). Stem diameter was significantly positively correlated with epidermis thickness, stem vascular bundle number, and stem cross-sectional area, while stem vascular bundle diameter ratio was significantly negatively correlated with stem diameter, epidermis thickness, stem vascular bundle number, and stem cross-sectional area. The various indicators of roots were significantly positively correlated, and root diameter, root sheath thickness, and cortex thickness were significantly negatively correlated with root vascular bundle diameter ratio. 【Conclusion】 The research revealed that orchids possess a notably resilient convergent adaptability in comparable habitats, as evidenced by their stable root structure. Furthermore, the leaf and pseudobulb structures of orchids mutually facilitate and synchronize with one another, constituting the primary mechanism by which orchids respond to the arid karst environment.

Abstract:Abstract: In this study, the "Levins" method, variance ratio method (VR), chi-square test, association coefficient (AC) and Ochiai (OI) index were used to analyze eight major plant species in the dominant plant communities in the temperate grasslands of the Kuizu Mountains of Tibet, in order to reveal the effects of non-grazing restriction on the ecological niches and interspecific associations of the herbaceous species in the dominant plant communities in the temperate grasslands of the Kuizu Mountains of Linzhou County, Lhasa River Basin, so as to provide theoretical basis for the protection of the plant diversity of the temperate grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau and for the scientific management of the grasslands.The results showed that : (1)non-grazing treatments increased the niche width and niche overlap of grass sedge (Tripogon bromoides), alpine tarragon (Carex parvula), whitegrass (Pennisetum flaccidum), and silky needle fescue (Stipa capillacea).(2) The enclosure community in the study area showed an overall negative association (VR=0.43), and the free-grazing community showed an overall positive association (VR=1.21);According to the Chi square test, the 50% and 42.9% of the 28 species pairs composed of 8 dominant species displayed negative association under the non-grazing and free grazing treatments;The association coefficient showed that 50% and 42.9% of species pairs were negatively linked under the non-grazing and free grazing treatments;respectively. The OI index showed that non-grazing treatments increased the OI values of the main species(Tripogon bromoides, Carex parvula, Pennisetum flaccidum and Stipa capillacea). Based on the interspecific association analysis, non-grazing treatments has strengthened inter-species competition within the dominant plant communities in the temperate grasslands of Kuizu Mountains, and inter-species relationships have become tighter, with the community structure stabilized.

Abstract:Based on the investigation, collection and study of Pittosporum sp. from Youhao village, Baihe County, we firstly found new geographic distribution records of Pittosporum brevicalyx (Oliv.) Gagnep. was discovered in Shaanxi Province for the first time. Pittosporum sp. are mainly distributed in subtropical areas south of the Qinling Mountains in China, the report expanded the distribution area of this species from northeastward to the Daba Mountains of Shaanxi Province, enriching the distribution records of plants in Qinling-Daba Mountains, and providing basic data for the study of species diversity in the Daba Mountains.

Abstract:The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau possesses unique and valuable plant resources due to its special geographical location, rich vegetation types and complex and variable climatic conditions. The clarification of the plant background information and geographical distribution of the region is of great importance to the study of the flora of the region. In this paper, three new record Chinese species, namely Pedicularis cornigera T.Yamaz., Hymenidium dentatum (DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov and Lagotis kunawurensis Rupr., were discovered based on the survey of alpine plant diversity and flora in the Karma Gorge region of Tingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region. This paper reports the above three new record Chinese species, which are certain reference for the study of plant composition in this region. It further provides new information for plant diversity conservation and plant systematic classification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.