Abstract:【Objective】 Echinochloa frumentacea is a high-yielding and high-quality forage grass that can be used as both forage and feed. The soil salinization in the planting area seriously affects its normal growth, development, and yield. Epioilcanola (EBR) is an active analogue of brassinosteroid (BRs) plant hormones. To offer a theoretical foundation for the application of EBR to the production of E. frumentacea on salinized soils, it is necessary to investigate the regulatory effects of this lactone on the salt tolerance of E. frumentacea as well as its mode of action to mitigate the salt stress damage. 【Methods】E. frumentacea variety 'Ningji No.1' seedlings were employed as test subjects. After determining the appropriate concentrations of salt stress, separate treatments were set up using salt (150 mmol/L NaCl) and various concentrations of EBR (1, 10, and 100 μg/L). The hydroponic test was used to examine changes in growth indexes, physiological stress resistance indexes, photosynthesis indexes, ionic homeostasis, encoding the signaling pathway of salt allergy (SOS), and the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes in the seedling under each treatment. 【Results】 (1) E. frumentacea seedlings treated with salt stress alone showed significantly slower growth (plant height, root length, biomass, etc.) when compared to the control; leaf photosynthesis indexes (chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Y(Ⅱ), Fv'/Fm', ETR, qP, etc.); osmotic regulating substance content (proline content, soluble Proline content, soluble protein content); and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) activities were significantly reduced; root K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents were significantly decreased, but root Na+ content was significantly increased; leaf reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide) content and cell membrane permeability (malondialdehyde content, relative conductivity) were significantly increased; in the meantime Nevertheless, the use of EBR therapy alone did not significantly impact the majority of the aforementioned indices.(2) After salt stress, E. frumentacea adverse alterations in the aforementioned indices were effectively reduced by spraying various doses of EBR treatments; the greatest results were obtained with 10μg/L EBR treatment (SS+E10).(3) Compared with the salt stress treatment alone, the growth indexes as well as the content of osmoregulatory substances, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthesis indexes of E. frumentacea seedlings treated with SS+E10 were significantly improved, the cell membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species content of leaves were significantly reduced; the intracellular Na+ accumulation in the root cells was significantly reduced, and the content of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the root system was significantly increased, and the homeostatic balance of Na+/K+ ions was regulated; and the expression of the genes related to the SOS signaling pathway and antioxidant enzymes was significantly up-regulated. 【Conclusion】 Foliar spraying of EBR significantly up-regulated the expression of SOS signaling pathway and antioxidant enzyme-related genes in the leaves of E. frumentacea seedlings under salt stress, enhanced their antioxidant and osmoregulatory abilities, reduced the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, maintained the balance of ionic homeostasis in the root system, and effectively protected the photosynthesis and normal growth of seedling leaves, which had a significant regulatory effect on the promotion of salt tolerance in E. frumentacea and had the best effect with the treatment of 10μg/L EBR.

Abstract:Abstract：[Objective] To investigate the differential anti-leaf spot efficacy of various concentrations of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in barley and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the application of MeJA in controlling barley leaf spot.Barley spot blotch is a serious pathogen that significantly affects barley yield and quality. [Method]In this study, we used Mengpimai3 (MP3) seedlings as materials and conducted three different treatments:. Treatment A involved inoculating the barley leaves with sterile water without any Bipolaris sorokiniana (the causal agent of the disease),. Treatment B included inoculating the barley leaves with sterile water after treatment,. Treatment C involved treating the barley leaves with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mmol/L) of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) before inoculation with the pathogen. The disease incidence was investigated at the three-leaf stage based on disease index and induced resistance effect to determine the optimal concentration of MeJA .Subsequently, we measured antioxidant enzyme activity, anti-disease related enzyme activity, malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, the expression levels of related genes inwith MP3 leaves under no inoculating treatment, inoculation treatment and inoculating + optimal concentration of MeJA treatment were measured at different time points. treated with A, B, and the optimal concentration MeJA of C at different infection times to preliminarily explore differences in MeJA-induced resistance against spot blotch in barley and its molecular mechanism .[Results] The results showed that: (1) Exogenous application of MeJA enhanced MP3''s resistance against spot blotch; particularly at a concentration of 1.5 mmol/L where there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in disease index by 19.03% compared to control plants, indicating the most effective induction of resistance.. (2) 2) In comparison to inoculating treatment alone, barley leaves treated with 1.5 mmol/L MeJA exhibited significantly increased activities of superoxide, peroxidase, catalase, chitinase and β-,1,3-glucanas. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in malondialdehyde content as well as proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein levels. Furthermore, the expression of MeJA regulated transcription factors and genes encoding disease-resistance related enzymes were significantly upregulated.Treatment C at a concentration of 1.5 mmol/L significantly increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity compared to treatment B. The contents of malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.05); The gene expression levels of MeJA regulated transcription factors and encoding disease-resistant enzymes significantly upregulated (P<0.05). [Conclusion]Therefore, eExogenous application of 1.5 mmol/L MeJA enhances resistance against spot blotch in barley plants by regulating the activity of disease-related enzymes and the content of osmotic regulatory substances, as well as modulating the expression of disease-resistant enzyme genes and key transcription factor genes involved in jasmonic acid signaling pathway.

Abstract:【Aim】To provide theoretical basis for the heat-tolerance identification of genus Camellia, the discovery of heat-tolerance germplasm and the breeding of new cultivars.【Method】In this study, C. uraku and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’, a foreign cultivar were used as reference materials,7 new cultivars of cluster-flowering camellia were selected as test materials,after short-term (5h) and long-term (7d) high-temperature treatment, morphological, physiological and photosynthetic characteristics were observed. The heat tolerance was evaluated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Results】(1) The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, chlorophyll a/b, Pn and Gs all increased, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ETR remained at a high level, and also ‘Chuizhi Fenyu’ and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’ did not appear heat damage at 7 days of high temperature stress.Pn and Gs of 'Jinye Fenyu', 'Shangzhi Huazhang' and 'Meigui Chun' all decreased significantly under high temperature stress, while Ci increased. Among them, the Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and ETR of 'Jinye Fenyu' and 'Shangzhi Huazhang' were significantly reduced, and after 7 days of long-term high temperature stress, these 3 cultivars showed serious heat damage or death. (2)15 individual indicators were converted into 4 independent comprehensive indicators with cumulative contribution rate of 90% through principal component analysis.The comprehensive weight values of chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and lutein content were higher at 5h under high temperature stress, and the comprehensive weight values of chlorophyll a/b, Fv/Fm, qP and qN were higher at 7d under high temperature stress. Under high temperature stress for 7 days, from the largest to the smallest of comprehensive evaluation value D was as follows: Camellia uraku >‘Wirlinga Cascade’>‘Chuizhi Fenyu’>‘Shangzhi Yueguangqu’>‘Shangzhi Huanlesong’> ‘Sweet Gem’>‘Meigui Chun’> 'Shangzhi Huazhang' >‘Jinye Fenyu’.【Conclusions】According to the comprehensive evaluation value D, the 9 cultivars were divided into 3 heat tolerance grades, 'Chuizhi Fenyu' and ‘Wirlinga Cascade’, were heat tolerance cultivars, 'Shangzhi Yueguangqu', 'Shangzhi Huanlesong' and 'Sweet Gem' were medium heat tolerance cultivars, and 'Meigui Chun', 'Shangzhi Huazhang' and 'Jinye Fenyu' had the weakest heat tolerance,the heat resistance of C. uraku needs to be further verified.Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, xanthophyll content can be used as the key indexes to analyze the short-term high temperature stress of Camellia. Chlorophyll a/b,Fv/Fm,qP, qN,these 4 indexes can be used as the key indexes to analyze the long-term high temperature stress of Camellia.

Abstract:[Objective] Drought stress inhibits the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in medicinal plants, reduces plant photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency, hinders nutrient transport, and seriously affects the quality and quality of medicinal materials; Calcium is an activator of various enzymes in plant physiological activities, and Ca2+, as the second intracellular messenger, is closely related to abiotic stress in plants; Present study investigated that the potential physiological mechanism of exogenous calcium enhances drought resistance and medicinal quality of Platycodon grandiflorus in arid and semi-arid areas tolerance drought stress. [Methods] A pot experiment was set up to explore the effects of exogenous application CaCl2（10 mmol/L） on plant growth, photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters, and quality of medicinal parts in P. grandiflorus seedings under drought stress. [Results](1) Exogenous calcium treatment could significantly increase the root length and dry and fresh biomass of Platycodon grandiflorus under drought stress. (2) Exogenous calcium significantly increased the stomatal aperture, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) by 30.28%, 57.67%, 44.44%, 100.33%, 89.53%, 60.00%, and 83.11%, respectively, in P. grandiflorus leaves under drought stress. (3) Exogenous calcium effectively reduced the content malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in P. grandiflorus leaves under drought stress, which is significantly reduced by 13.82% and 18.66% compared to drought stress treatment, respectively. Exogenous calcium increased the peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in P. grandiflorus leaves by 25.43%, 7.90%, and 33.92%, respectively, compared to drought stress treatment, (4) Exogenous calcium alone significant increased medicinal components latycodin-D, polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and free amino acid content in P. grandiflorus roots by 35.34%, 34.87%, 4.19% and 6.52%, respectively. Compared with drought stress treatment, the content of latycodin-D, polysaccharides, total flavonoids and free amino acid were significantly increased by 10.94%, 7.53%, 6.07%, and 5.78% under exogenous calcium treatment, respectively. (5) Exogenous calcium increased the soluble protein content in the roots, and the mineral element content in shoot and root of P. grandifloras under drought stress. [Conclusion] Spraying 10 mmol/L CaCl2 enhanced the protective effect of antioxidant systems in P. grandifloras leaves under drought conditions, which increased the photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic performance through osmotic regulation and synergistically enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites. At the same time，exogenous CaCl2 enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites and mineral element and improved the quality of medicinal parts, resulting in alleviation of drought damage to P. grandifloras seedlings.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics, fruit quality, and yield of greenhouse strawberries, and to screen out suitable foliar fertilizers, the strawberry variety "Monterey" planted in the greenhouse of Moujiatai Strawberry in Xigu District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province was used as the test material. Under sufficient fertilization, classic 750 times liquid (T1), Huapu 1500 times liquid (T2), and Runliang 750 times liquid (T3) were applied topdressing at four growth stages Five types of foliar fertilizers, namely 500 fold solution of Adela fruit (T4) and 1500 fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (T5), were used as control (CK) with clear water. The photosynthetic parameters, fruit quality, biomass, and yield of the treated plants were measured. The results showed that: (1) After spraying different foliar fertilizers, the biomass and chlorophyll content of strawberry plants significantly increased, and the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaves significantly increased. The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of strawberry plants after spraying foliar fertilizers was higher than that of CK; (2) In terms of fruit quality, T2 and T3 treatments can significantly improve the strawberry fruit shape index, while T1 and T5 treatments can significantly increase fruit volume and weight. Among them, the average single fruit weight of T1 increased by 5.89 g compared to CK, while the transverse and longitudinal diameters of T5 fruits increased by 1.22 cm and 1.15 cm, respectively. (3) The solid hardness, soluble solid content, vitamin C content, and reducing sugar content have significantly increased, and T1 application has the best effect, increasing by 3.3%, 17.25 mg/g, and 2.71% compared to CK, respectively. The soluble protein content of T1 and T3 increased by 0.097 mg/g and 0.070 mg/g, respectively, compared to CK; (4) Spraying foliar fertilizer can significantly increase the yield per unit area of strawberries, and treatment T1 has the highest yield, an increase of 13.65% compared to CK. It can be seen that the application of appropriate foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the nutritional growth status of strawberries, enhance the quality of strawberry fruits, significantly increase yield, and the comprehensive effect is best when applying classic 750 times liquid foliar fertilizer.

Abstract:【Objective】 NAC transcription factor is a plant-specific transcription factor family, which is involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress response and hormone signal transduction. 【Methods】 In this study, two NAC transcription factor genes CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 were cloned from tea cultivar ''Longjing 43''. The analysis showed that CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 transcription factors contained typical NAM conserved domains of NAC family members at 15-150 amino acid sites and 11-134 amino acid sites, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CsNAC79 was closely related to Actinidia chinensis, Diospyros kaki and Cynara scolymus; CsNAC9 was closely related to Amygdalus persica, Litchi chinensis and Durio zibethinus. Amino acid hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity analysis showed that both NAC transcription factors were hydrophilic proteins without signal peptides and transmembrane structures. Prediction analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter region showed that both NAC transcription factors contained abiotic stress response elements. Protein spatial structure analysis showed that CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 proteins were mainly composed of random coils and alpha helices. The expression levels of CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 genes under different abiotic stresses were detected and analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression levels of CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 genes was up-regulated by drought, high salt, high temperature, low temperature, exogenous ABA and exogenous GA3 treatments, indicating that CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 genes were related to abiotic stress resistance response. In summary, CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 genes in tea plants may respond to various abiotic stresses. This study provides a reference for further analysis of the biological functions of CsNAC79 and CsNAC9 transcription factors in the future.

Abstract:【Objective】 SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress. The aims of the study were to provide reference for the biological function and regulation of abiotic stress response of SBP gene family members of Lingbao rhododendron, and lay the foundation for the protection of the species. 【Methods】 In this study, the SBP gene family members in the whole genome of Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense was identified and analyzed by bioinformatics method. Tissue specificity was analyzed based on transcriptome data and qRT-PCR was used to detect the response of SBP gene expression in abiotic stress. 【Results】 The results showed that, (1) A total of 19 SBP genes containing SBP conserved domains was identified in the reference genome of Lingbao rhododendron, the length of amino acids encoded by the genes ranged from 179-1 072 aa with molecular weight ranging from 20.26-118.73 kD, the proteins were located in the nucleus, and the genes were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes. (2) 19 RhlSBPs were divided into 5 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis and most RhlSBPs were clustered with Arabidopsis SPL family members. (3) MEME analysis showed that all RhlSBP shared motif 1, motif 2 and motif 4, and the number of introns in subfamilys Ⅳ and Ⅴ was much higher than that in subfamilys I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. (4) The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that RhlSBP promoter contains a large number of light responsive elements, hormone responsive elements and stress responsive elements, suggesting that RhlSBP may play an important role in the response of Lingbao rhododendron to light regulation and abiotic stress. (5) Collinearity analysis indicated that the orthology of SBP genes in Rhododendron williamsianum and Rhododendron molle was higher than that of Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. (6) Transcriptome data analysis showed that RhlSBP gene subfamily members had similar tissue expression patterns. (7) qRT-PCR analysis showed that RhlSBP gene had a response to abiotic stress, but different members of RhlSBP gene had different response degrees under different stresses. After methyl jasmonate（MeJA）and low temperature treatment, the gene expression was generally up-regulated, and high salt treatment inhibited RhlSBP gene expression. Under drought conditions, RhlSBP gene expression was up-regulated and then down-regulated. RhlSBP1 and RhlSBP8 may be the key genes induced by drought, low temperature and MeJA.

Abstract:[Objective] Pepper is the largest vegetable crop planted in China. With the increasingly serious salinization of land in China, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of pepper salt tolerance mechanism to promote the sustainable development of pepper industry. Therefore, it is urgent to accelerate the functional study of key genes related to pepper salt tolerance. [Methods] In the early stage of this study, the transcription factor CaNAC36 related to pepper salt tolerance was excavated. On this basis, the full-length gDNA and cDNA sequences of CaNAC36 were cloned using salt-tolerant capsicum PI201224 and salt-sensitive capsicum PI438643 as test varieties. The expression of CaNAC36 and its interacting genes in different tissues under salt stress was quantitatively analyzed by fluorescence, and the potential relationship between CaNAC36 and its interacting genes was further explored by bioinformatics analysis. [Results] The results showed that the DNA and cDNA sequence homology of the CaNAC36 in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive materials were 99.86% and 100%, respectively. The results of fluorescence quantification showed that the CaNAC36 showed an up-expression of in roots and stems salt-tolerant pepper, and a down-expression in salt-sensitive roots and leaves. After analyzing the annotation information of 48 genes that may interact with CaNAC36, it was found that 14 genes belonging to transmembrane protein, transporter protein, water porin, chloride channel protein, detoxifying protein and other genes may have functional interaction with CaNAC36. Further analysis revealed that PI201224 and PI438643 exhibited significant differences in the expression of five related genes (Capana08g002748, Capana00g004514, Capana09g000275, Capana07g001450, Capana02g001031) at different time points and tissues under salt stress treatment. Meanwhile, the promoter domains of CaNAC36 and 5 associated genes were found to contain a large number of stress-related cis-acting elements. [Conclusion] This study combined with gene cloning, gene expression level analysis and bioinformatics analysis, found that CaNAC36 was an important transcription factor in pepper response to salt stress, and may interact with other genes to improve plant salt tolerance. This study provides data support for in-depth research on pepper salt tolerance and breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.

Abstract:【Objective】 Grapes are typical accumulators of tartaric acid, which not only affects the taste of grape berries but also determines the color, texture, microbial stability, and aging potential of wine. 【Methods】 The bHLH transcription factors are involved in the regulation of various biological processes in plants, including growth and development, secondary metabolism, and stress responses. Our research group has previously screened a bHLH transcription factor related to tartric acid biosynthesis. In this study, using ‘Traminer’, ‘Marselan’ wine grape as experimental material, we cloned the tartaric acid content related transcription factor VvbHLH79 by PCR. We performed bioinformatic and subcellular localization analyses of VvbHLH79. Furthermore, we measured the tartaric acid content and VvbHLH79 expression levels in grape berries at different developmental stages using HPLC and qRT-PCR techniques. We also constructed a plant expression vector and the expression and tartaric acid content of VvbHLH79 were detected after transient transformation of young grape berries using Agrobacterium-mediated fruiting pedicle infection, in order to clarify the role of the VvbHLH79 gene on the content of tartaric acid in grape berries.These results provide a foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tartaric acid biosynthesis by VvbHLH79. 【Results】 The results showed: (1) A grapevine VvbHLH79 gene was obtained by RNA-seq sequencing, with a full-length CDS sequence of 831 bp, encoding 277 amino acids, a relative molecular weight of 66.22 kD, and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.15. It belongs to the class of unstable hydrophilic proteins without signal peptides and transmembrane structures. Amino acid residues 147-232 contain the bHLH-SF conserved domain, classifying it within the bHLH transcription factor family. The protein is localized in the cell nucleus. (2) Homologous sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree results showed that the grapevine VvbHLH79-encoded protein had the highest sequence similarity with the bHLH89-encoded protein in riverbank grape (Accession number: XP_034699340.1), with a sequence identity of 99.64%. (3) qRT-PCR analysis revealed a gradual decrease in VvbHLH79 relative expression levels during the development of ‘Traminer’ grapes fruits, decreasing by approximately 67.25% from veraison to harvest. HPLC results indicated that the accumulation of tartaric acid occurred mainly before the color change of the grapes, with a rapid decrease in tartaric acid content after the color change. (4) Transient overexpression of VvbHLH79 in low tartaric acid grape berries resulted in a significant increase in tartaric acid content, whereas silencing of VvbHLH79 in high tartaric acid grape berries resulted in a significant decrease in tartaric acid content, confirming that the VvbHLH79 gene positively regulates tartaric acid content. 【Conclusion】 This study suggests that the VvbHLH79 transcription factor may play a role in the tartaric acid biosynthesis pathway in grape berries.

Abstract:【Objective】 The Tonoplast sugar transporter (TST or TMT) is a crucial sugar transport protein in the developmental trajectory of plants. The study aims to investigate the role of this gene family in the progression of grape growth and development, further provide a solid foundation for elucidation of the function of TST gene. 【Methods】 A total of 13 TST genes were identified from the grape genome using homology analysis technique. Information regarding the gene structure and encoded protein was analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Utilizing the qRT-PCR technique, the VvTST expression level in different grape tissues during ''Yinhong'' grape development was analyzed, and a correlation with soluble sugar content in the grapes at different time points were studied. 【Results】 The study''s results indicate that the gene family is distributed across six chromosomes and contains three segmental repetitions and three tandem repetition genes; according to systematics, it can be classified into three subfamilies, each with members sharing structural similarity; cis regulatory elements suggest that TST genes include ample cis regulatory elements related to phytohormone, light, and stress response; the protein structure reveals that the family is composed of α-helices and irregular coils, and the protein model of each subfamily is similar. The qRT-PCR results indicate that VvTST is expressed in various tissues, possessing spatiotemporal expression specificity. Correlation analysis between changes in gene expression levels in grapes and changes in soluble sugar content in grapes found that theexpression levels of four VvTSTs (VIT_18s0001g12560, VIT_18s0122g00850, VIT_04s0023g01860, and VIT_03s0038g03940) exhibit similar trends with the accumulation of soluble sugars in the grape flesh. 【Conclusion】The aforementioned findings indicate that VvTST may play a vital role in the accumulation of soluble sugars in the flesh of grapes.

Abstract:【Objective】The objectives of this study were to deeply dissect the genetic basis of soybean flowering and maturity time and identify important genomic regions that can be used for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and novel gene cloning. 【Method】224 soybeans with dominant E1 allele were planted in four environments to investigate phenotypic data. Six multi-locus association analysis models from the R-mrMLM software package were employed for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) on soybean flowering and maturity time. 【Result】 A total of 91 flowering and 83 maturity time QTNs (quantitative trait nucleotides) were detected by combining six multi-loci GWAS methods. Among them,6 flowering and 10 maturity time QTNs can be detected in various environments. These stable QTNs were distributed in 15 haplotype blocks (genomic regions) with an interval size of 90-490 Kb. Six out of 15 important genomic regions were newly detected in this study. 【Conclusion】The results indicate that the QTN composition of soybean flowering and maturation time under the dominant E1 gene background is complex. The 15 genomic regionss, such as 39.52~40.01 Mb on chromosome 5, were the important loci controlling soybean flowering or maturation time in this population.

Abstract:[Objective] In order to explore the effects of stand factors on the species diversity of plantation communities in different road areas, and to provide a reference for the construction and management of plantations in Chengdu road area. [Methods] This study used the typical plot method to analyze five different plantation communities (I, poplar pure forest; Ⅱ, camphor and poplar mixed forest; Ⅲ, pure camphor forest; Ⅳ, mixed forest of camphor and eucalyptus; V, eucalyptus grandis forest) to investigate the stand factors and species diversity of understory vegetation. [Results] (1) A total of 184 plant species belonging to 72 families and 132 genera were recorded in the study area. The number of plant species in the tree-shrub-grass layer of five different plantation forest communities varied from herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer, among which the number of understory species recorded in the pure camphor forest; was the highest. (2) The importance values of Broussonetia papyrifera and Humulus scandens dominated the shrub layer and herb layer of different plantation forest communities, respectively. (3) Among the five different plantation forest communities, the shrub species richness index D of pure camphor forest was significantly higher than that of the other communities(P<0.05); the Shannon-Wiener index H, Simpson index H′ and D size of the herbaceous layer had the same trend of change, which showed that the community: Ⅲ>Ⅳ>I>I>I>V, of which H of pure camphor forest was significantly higher than that of the other communities except mixed forest of camphor and eucalyptus(P<0.05). (4) The results of redundancy analysis showed that the average crown width in the tree layer was significantly positively correlated with D and H in shrub layer, H, H'', D and Jsw in herbaceous layer (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with H'' and Jsw in shrub layer (P<0.01). The average height under branches in the tree layer was significantly positively correlated with H, H'', D, and Jsw in shrub layer (P<0.01). [Conclusion] The study concluded that tree species composition, average undershoot height and average crown width of the tree layer significantly affected the species diversity of plantation communities in the road area, and the selection of appropriate tree species and regular pruning management would be conducive to the formation of good tree and shrub community structure and the maintenance of understory vegetation species diversity in road plantations.

Abstract:【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate the nut traits of the dominant varieties cultivating in north Anhui Province and analyse the suitability of the varieties for processing. 【Methods】 Twenty-two varieties of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts were introduced to north Anhui province since 2011 among which, 9 varieties were selected as advanced varieties based on their adaptation and yielding ability. In this study, the economic nut traits, the nutritional composition, mineral elements, composition and physicochemical properties of fatty acid of hazelnut kernels were studied. According to the analyzation and evaluation of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts from different processing and utilization perspectives, such as baking, kernel, oil and fresh-eating, the objective of this study is to show the performance of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts in north Anhui province, and provide a scientific basis for the selection and popularization of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts. 【Results】 The results showed that, the distribution range of nut mass, nut size, nut shape index, kernel mass, shell thickness and kernel mass percentage of 9 advanced varieties were 2.54-4.40 g, 18.99-21.49 mm, 1.04-1.31, 1.00-1.66 g, 1.53-2.41 mm and 34.36%-47.01%, respectively. The distribution range of fat, protein and soluble sugar content were 50.50-58.00 g/（100 g）, 21.10-25.10 g/（100 g） and 4.08%-4.94%, respectively. There were 8 fatty acids were detected from the hazelnut kernels, including palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid, among which, the content of oleic acid was the highest one with the distribution range of 81.21%-88.53%. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was 92.19%-94.61% among the total content of fat in hazelnut kernels. In terms of mineral nutrition, the content of potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in hazelnut kernels were relatively rich. As for the processing capacity, the distribution range of single plant yield, fat production and protein production of 9 advanced varieties were1.52-2.20 kg, 330.50-503.47 g and 141.68-224.40 g, respectively. 【Conclusion】 According to different consumption patterns, the result showed that among the 9 advanced varieties of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts, Liaozhen 3 was the best one for base market, Liaozhen 3, Dawei and Liaozhen 4 were the best ones for kernel market, Dawei, Liaozhen 3 and Ping’ou 545 were the best ones for the fresh-eating market. Liaozhen 4 could be used as oil processing varieties, Liaozhen 1 could be used as functional protein beverage processing varieties, Dawei and Liaozhen 9 could be used as high calcium processing varieties.

Abstract:【Objective】 Rosa odorata is an important germplasm resource of Rosa, which has high value of appreciation and utilization. In order to promote the development and utilization of the germplasm resources, the chromosome ploidy, floral synthesis and breeding system characteristics of different R. odorata were studied.【Method】In this study, the chromosome ploidy, pollen vitality, stigma vitality and flower characteristics of 9 R. odorata were observed and determined by flow cytometer and out crossing index, and the breeding system was analyzed. 【Results】 9 R. odorata were identified as diploid, and their flowers were bisexual with bright colors and mostly double or semi-double petals. Male and female flowers of 4 varieties mature at different time. Meanwhile, their pollen vitality was generally low, and the highest pollen vitality was only 35.47%.The out crossing index(OCI) of all varieties was ≥4, and Pollen volume-ovule ratio(P/O) values ranged from 6 709 to 75 521. 【Conclusion】 The combination of out crossing index(OCI) and Pollen volume-ovule ratio (P/O) indicated that the breeding system type of 9 R. odorata was mainly outcross, and the breeding system was affected by many factors, such as the number of pollen grains and petals.

Abstract:【Objective】 Most species of phoebe are similar in morphology and the boundaries among species are blurred, making the identification and recognition of species very difficult, particularly in the period without flowers and fruits. Micromorphological characteristics of leaves are valuable for the interspecific definition of plants, but studies on Phoebe in this aspect are still scarce. 【Methods】 In this study, authors observed leaf morphology and leaf micromorphology of eight species and one variant of Phoebe in Hubei Province using stereo microscope and light microscope. For all species, authors measured and analyzed the quality properties and quantity properties of stomata and trichomes. The purpose is to provide the necessary basis for the identification and classification of Phoebe. 【Results】 Four types of leaf shapes were characterized, including large, medium, small, and irregular leaves. Trichomes were grouped into thin pubescent, thick pubescent, villous, and mixed pubescent and villous (villous trichomes are mainly found on leaf veins). The trichoid density of P. hunanensis (200 roots/mm2) differed significantly to P. bournei, P. chekiangensis, and P. sheareri (under 100 root/mm2). Shapes of epidermis cells were polygon or irregular, and the anticlinal wall in epidermis cells was classified intostraight-curved, sinuolate or undulated. The shape of stomatas was wide oval or nearly round. Density of stomatal apparatus was highest in P. sheareri(with an average of 700/mm2), and was lowest in P. chinensis and P. hunanensis (less than 500/mm2). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between density and aspect ratio of stoma, as well as density and length of trichome. 【Conclusion】 It is suggested that the combination of morphological and micromorphological characteristics of leaves could not only provide important basis for identification and differentiation of the nine species, but also provide necessary references for interspecific definition of phoebe.

Abstract:【Objective】During a survey of forest germplasm resources in the Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve in northeastern Jiangxi, China, in 2021, the authors discovered a plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family and Sedum genus. This species differs from previously reported plants of the same genus, and this paper discusses and determines its taxonomic status. 【Methods】 Multiple populations on Yangjifeng were tracked, and detailed observations and morphological comparisons were conducted at different phenological stages to identify similar and distinguishing characteristics. Additionally, its national distribution was determined through literature review and specimen examination. 【Results】 The species has a lotus-shaped nutritive branch in the seedling stage, with the most similar species being Sedum subtile Miq. Distinguishing features include well-developed and trinodal sterile branches, 5 to 16 flowers per branch on the flower stem, and spatulate-lanceolate bracts in the former, while the latter has slender sterile branches with alternate or opposite leaves, 3 to 5 flowers per branch on the flower stem, and linear bracts. 【Conclusion】 The study indicates that this species is new to science and is named Sedum fluviale B. Chen & Z. W. Zhu. It is specifically found in stream environments and has a broad distribution, including provinces such as Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Hunan, and Guizhou. There were previously many misidentifications. The holotype specimen is stored at the Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium(CSH).