Abstract:【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Streptomyces pactum Act12 broth on growth and physiological characteristics of Medicago sativa seedlings under petroleum stress.【Methods】 The effects of different concentrations (0, 1%, 10%, and 100%) of Act12 broth under a petroleum stress level of 3% (W/W) were examined on various parameters including seedling growth, root morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, osmoregulatory substance content, and antioxidant capacity in Medicago sativa. 【Results】 The results demonstrated that exposure to 3% petroleum stress significantly hindered photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of Medicago sativa seedlings, when compared to the control group (CK). Moreover, it resulted in an elevation in malondialdehyde levels, a decrease in soluble sugar and soluble protein content, as well as alterations in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). Compared to the absence of Act12 broth, solutions with low and medium concentrations (1% and 10%) effectively mitigated the toxic effects of petroleum stress, with 10% Act12 broth exhibiting the most significant effect. The seedlings treated with Act12 broth exhibited significant enhancements in plant height, above-ground dry weight, underground dry weight, stem tolerance index, root tolerance index, total root length, root surface area, root volume, and number of root tips. Additionally, the levels of MDA decreased by 42.49% and 56.45%, soluble sugar increased by 79.25% and 89.83%, while soluble protein increased by 167.63% and 256.15% in the above-ground and underground parts respectively. Moreover, SOD activity increased by 35.81% while POD activity of roots increased by 57.33%. 【Conclusion】 The fermented liquid with low/medium concentration effectively modulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic regulation ability of seedlings, resulting in reduced MDA content, enhanced photosynthesis ability, increased biomass, improved resistance, and alleviated the inhibition of oil stress on seedling growth.

Abstract:[Objective] Salt stress is the most important environmental factor affecting wheat germination, growth and production. In order to find out the alleviation effect of biological stimulator of Desmodesmus sp. on salt resistance, growth and physiology of wheat seeds and early seedlings under salt stress, and screening the best applcation concentration can provide a theoretical basis for their application to alleviate the impact of wheat salt stress. [Methods] Through the indoor petri dish cuiture method, wheat seeds grown under 100 mmol/L NaCl salinity stress were treated with 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L of Desmodesmus sp. extracts (DAE), and germination and growth parameters were measured after 7 days. [Results] The exogenous addition of DAE treatment alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on wheat seed germination and early seedling growth. It increased the germination rate and leaf water content of wheat seeds under salt stress, promoted the accumulation of biomass, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, as well as the contents of proline, total soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and chlorophyll, but lowered lipid peroxidation, reduced the content of malondialdehyde and membrane permeability. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress conditions, the concentration of 25 mg/L DAE had the best mitigating effect on wheat seed germination and early seedling growth inhibition under salt stress. [Conclusion] By promoting the early germination of wheat seeds, The Desmodesmus sp. cell extracts can improved the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmotic adjustment ability of wheat seedlings, improving the adaptability of wheat seeds and early seedlings to salt stress, and enhancing the salt tolerance of force wheat.

Abstract:【Objective】 The purpose of present study is to clarify the quantitative relationship between the hydraulic conductance of vine stem segments and temperature, and to explore the influence of nods on water transport efficiency and safety. 【Methods】 The water conductivity (K), sapwood specific conductivity (Ks) and percent loss of conductivity (PLC) of internode and single-node stem segments of Vitis vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. were measured by low pressure flow meter method with the temperature range of 0.5-40 ℃, and the differences of water conductivity between the two segments were analyzed. 【Results】 The K and Ks of Vitis vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. stem segment had significant linear relationship with temperature. As temperature raised from 0.5 ℃ to 40℃, the initial conductivity, maximum conductivity, initial Ks and maximum Ks of internode stem increased 154%, 198%, 157% and 200%, respectively. The K and Ks values in internode stem segment were higher than those in single-node stem segment, and the difference increased with the increase of temperature. The PLC of internode stem segment was significantly greater than that of single-node stem segment, while the water conductivity and specific conductivity of single-node stem segment were less affected by temperature than that of internode stem segment. The linear regression equation can be used to predict the K and Ks values at different temperatures. As the K and Ks being tradeoff against the viscosity coefficient of the water at each temperature, it showed no significant difference among the tradeoff water conductivity (K′) and sapwood specific conductivity (Ks′) at different temperatures. 【Conclusion】 The K and Ks of V. vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. stem increased with the rise of temperature, and the node can tradeoff the efficiency and safety of the stem water transport.

Abstract:In order to explore the relationship between leaf pigment content and leaf color parameters of tea germplasm resources, 143 tea germplasms with yellow,albino and purple variation in leaf color were selected, and the differences of the values of L*,a* and b* of leaf color parameters and the pigment contents of total anthocyanin, chlorophyll, carotenoid in various qualitative leaves were compared and analyzed.The relationship between leaf pigment content and leaf color parameters were explored through principal component analysis,cluster analysis,correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis, and path analysis to provide the basis for leaf color mechanism of tea germplasms and variety breeding.The results showed that：(1) The content of anthocyanin and a* value in purple tea germplasms were higher, and thecolor of leaves showed purple red.The ratio of carotenoid content to chlorophyll content and b* value in yellow germplasms were higher, and the color of leaves were yellow. The L*value of albino germplasms was higher and the color of leaves were white.In terms of leaf color phenotypic traits, leaf color specific tea germplasms generally clustered into two groups, white and yellow in one group and purple in the other group. (2) The leaf color parameter a* value of leaf color specific tea tree germplasms in tea leaves exhibited a significantly positive correlation with anthocyanin content, while L* value as well as b* value had extremely significant negative correlation with anthocyanin and chlorophyll content, and there were a very significantly strong negative correlation between b* value and carotenoid content.Anthocyanin and chlorophyll contributed more directly to the leaf CIEL*ɑ*b* value.In conclusion,ɑ* value can be used as a representative parameter to describe the leaf purple-red traits of leaf color specific tea tree germplasms and b* value to describe the leaf yellow traits of leaf color specific tea tree germplasms.

Abstract:[Objective] Dandelion（Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.） is an important medicinal and edible herb distributed commonly in Xizang. To study the contents of total flavonoids, polysaccharides and other sugars, the main pharmacologically active ingredients in different dandelion species and analyze the effect of altitude and slope direction to the content will provide important guidance for the efficient exploitation and utilization of Tibetan dandelions resources. [Methods] Taking the whole herb of 6 species of dandelion, T. eriopodum (D. Don) DC., T. calanthodium Dahlst., T. sikkimense Hand.-Mazz., T. maurocarpum Dahlst. T. grypodon Dahlst., and T. stenoceras Dahlst. grew at different altitudes and slope directions in Tibet''s Shergyla mountain as the research materials, contents of total flavonoids and several sugars were measured and analyzed, respectively. [Results] (1) The total flavonoid content of T. eriopodum west slope-3 900 m (80.9 mg/g) was higher than that of the others, and the total flavonoid content of T. sikkimense east slope-2 300 m (29.08 mg/g) was significantly lower than that of the other samples（P<0.05）. (2) The total sugar content of T. grypodon east slope-2000 m reached as high as 440.55 mg/g with significantly different from that of the other samples，but T. sikkimense west slope-4200 m was the lowest to 63 mg/g, which was significantly lower than that of the other samples. (3) The highest content of reducing sugar was 61.1 mg/g and the lowest was 35.98 mg/g in all samples, but the difference between different species and different altitudes was not as obvious as total sugar. (4) The contents of polysaccharide in T. grypodon east slope-2 000 m and T. sikkimense west slope-3 000 m were high to above 320 mg/g, while the contents of T. sikkimense west slope-4 200 m as well as 3 900 m and T. eriopodum west slope-3 900 m were below 70 mg/g and significantly lower than that of the other samples. [Conclusion] The total flavonoids and polysaccharides in Tibetan dandelion were high, and had obvious difference among different dandelion species and further showed opposite change trend affected by altitude and slope direction, while the contents of polysaccharides and total sugars showed a similar pattern of change .West slope direction and the higher altitude were benefit to the accumulation of flavonoid usually, while the east slope direction and the lower altitude were benefit to the accumulation of polysaccharide.

Abstract:【Objective】 The purpose of the research was to explore the evolutionary pattern of chloroplast genome in the Elaeagnaceae, and in turn provide a scientific basis for species identification and resource exploitation of Elaeagnaceae. 【Methods】 This study assembled four chloroplast genomes from the species of Hippophae and Shepherdia, and compared the gene composition, repeats, and structural properties of them with those genomes previously published for plants of Elaeagnaceae. Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on sequences of all these chloroplast genomes. The promising sites for DNA barcoding of Elaeagnaceae were identified in the chloroplast genomes by examining the highly divergent regions. 【Results】 It was found that chloroplast genomes of each genus of Elaeagnaceae exhibited a significant degree of similarity in terms of tetrad structure, gene number and organization. Moreover, it was demonstrated that both IR regions and repeats of Hippophae and Shepherdia species tended to expand and increase more than those of Elaeagnus species. The phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast genomes from eighteen species of Elaeagnaceae showed that all plants of Elaeagnus were grouped into a branch that exhibited an early differentiation, and all plants from Hippophae and Shepherdia were classified into another branch, with a most recent common ancestry. A total of three potential DNA barcoding regions were examined in this study and the identification effect of ycf1 gene was the best. Topology of the phylogenetic tree constructed based on sequences derived from these regions were found congruent with that obtained from analyzing the whole chloroplast genomes. 【Conclusion】 This study revealed that the chloroplast genome structure of the Elaeagnus family had a conservative pattern. The IR regions and repeated sequence of the chloroplast genome have extended and increased with the evolution of Elaeagnaceae. The DNA barcoding candidates in this study exhibited strong discriminatory abilities in differentiating variations from inter-genus of Elaeagnaceae, and inter-species of Elaeagnus, as well.

Abstract:[Objective] In order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the double petal trait in roses, we obtained an AG homologous gene RcAGL61 associated with flower development. [Method] qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of RcAGL61 in the flower buds of double-petaled strain and single-petaled strain in Rosa chinensis ''Zhaiye Tengben Yuejihua'' × R. chinensis ''Old Blush'' population, and RcAGL61 was cloned from double-petaled lines and single-petal lines, and bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization and VIGS experiments were carried out. [Result] The results showed that:(1) The expression level of RcAGL61 was significantly higher in the five developmental stages of flower of single-petaled strain than that of double-petaled strain, and the expression level was significantly higher in S4-S5 stages than in S1-S3 stages in single-petaled strain. (2) The coding sequence of RcAGL61 was consistent in double-petaled strain and single-petaled strain, with a length of 495 bp and a similarity to the RcAG coding sequence of 30.75%, encoding 164 amino acids, containing a MADS-Box conserved domain, belonging to the MADS-Box gene family. (3) RcAGL61 protein was subcellularly localized in the nucleus. (4) When the gene was silenced by VIGS technique in R. chinensis ''Old Blush'', the number of petalized stamens increased and the number of petals increased, while the number of stamens decreased. The number of sepals and pistil had no significant change. [Conclusion] RcAGL61 is involved in regulating the transition between stamen and petal primordium, and affecting the number of petal in roses.

Abstract:[Objective] The purpose of this study was to explore the role of 1-deoxy-D-xylo-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) gene in the synthesis of monoterpenes in lilac (Syringa oblata), and to provide effective genetic resources and theoretical basis for floral fragrance molecular breeding of lilac. [Methods] Firstly, the SoDXR gene was cloned. Then, bioinformatics and subcellular localization were analysis, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression patterns in different floral development stages and tissues. Finally, transient overexpression of SoDXR in the petals of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) was detected. [Results] The open reading frame (ORF) of SoDXR was 1425bp encoding 474 amino acids. SoDXR protein contains conserved domain of DXP_reductoisom, and has a similarity of up to 95% with Osmanthus fragrans and Olea europaea. Subcellular localization indicated that the protein was mainly located in the plastids, consistent with the software prediction results. Accompanied by flowering, the expression levels of SoDXR increased and then decreased, with the highest expression level in the initial openning stage. The SoDXR was differentially expressed in various tissues with the highest expression in petal and lowest in stem. Transient overexpression revealed that the expression level of SoDXR gene was significantly higher than that of control. Moreover, the main floral volatile components in snapdragon petals, myrcene and ocimene, were significantly increased by 15.03 and 4.83 times, respectively. [Conclusion] The SoDXR gene positively regulates the synthesis of monoterpenes in lilac, and SoDXR gene may play an important role in the synthesis of floral fragrance secondary metabolites.

Abstract:【Objective】 bHLH transcription factors are numerous and can widely participate in plant growth, development, and stress processes. This experiment used Medicago truncatula R108 as the material to preliminarily explore the function of the MtbHLH25 gene. 【Methods】 Cloning of MtbHLH25 gene and promoter from Medicago truncatula using PCR amplification technology, construction of yeast expression vector, and transfer to Y2H Gold yeast strain using LiAc transformation method for yeast detection, construct subcellular localization vectors and transfer them into Agrobacterium EHA105 through freeze-thaw method. Inject the bacterial solution into tobacco epidermal cells and observe using SP8 laser confocal microscopy. The spatiotemporal expression level of MtbHLH25 gene in Medicago truncatula was studied using fluorescence quantitative PCR technology. 【Results】 The MtbHLH25 gene and promoter were successfully cloned from Medicago truncata, with a total length of 882 bp and encoding 293 amino acids. Promoter analysis revealed that it contains ABA response elements, MeJA response elements, GA response elements, and SA response elements. (2) The evolutionary tree showed that the MtbHLH25 protein is highly homologous with the bHLH protein in Vicia faba and Vicia villosa Roth. (3) The subcellular localization results showed that the MtbHLH25 protein was localized in the nucleus. (4) The yeast self activation test results showed that the MtbHLH25 protein has self activation activity. (5) The expression analysis results showed that MtbHLH25 was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Medicago truncata, with the highest expression level in the roots; Exogenous SA, MeJA, ABA, GA, and salt stress all led to a decreasing trend in the expression of MtbHLH25 gene. It is speculated that SA, MeJA, ABA, GA, and salt stress have a negative regulatory effect on the expression of MtbHLH25 gene. Drought stress can significantly induce an increase in the expression level of MtbHLH25 gene, indicating that this transcription factor may play a positive regulatory role in drought stress. 【Conclusion】 The MtbHLH25 gene may be sensitive to salt stress and may play a positive regulatory role in drought stress. In addition, the MtbHLH25 protein has self activating activity and may have an activating effect on downstream promoter regulated reporter genes.

Abstract:【Objective】 WRKY transcription factors are involved in regulation of low phosphorus stress in plants. Based on previous transcriptome data of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under low phosphorus stress, the aim of this study is to isolate FtWRKY28 gene, to predict the structure of the gene and its deduced protein, to analyze the subcellular localization and transcription activating activity of the protein, and to investigate the gene expression patterns in different organs and under low phosphorus stress and hormone application, thus providing a basis for the function identification of the gene. 【Methods】 Specific primer sequences were designed according to the annotated Tartary buckwheat genome database. Reverse transcription PCR was used to amplify the entire coding sequence (CDS) of FtWRKY28 from the root RNA pools generated from Tartary buckwheat stressed by low phosphorus. Bioinformatical tools were employed to analyze the structures of the gene and protein and the phylogenetic relationships of homologous proteins. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate the gene expression patterns. Transient expression system of Arabidopsis proplasts was used to analyze the subcellular localization of the protein. Yeast one-hybrid was employed to analyze the transcription activating activity of the protein. 【Results】 The obtained CDS of FtWRKY28 was 876 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 291 amino acid residues consisting of one conserved WRKY domain with a zinc finger motif of C2H2, thus belonging to the WRKY group II. FtWRKY28 was localized in nucleus, and had transcription-activating activity. The transcript abundance of FtWRKY28 was relatively higher in roots, and was significantly induced by low phosphorus and hormones such as indole acetic acid, gibberellin 3, and 6-benzylamino purine in roots. 【Conclusion】 Taken together, FtWRKY28 possesses basic structural and biochemical characteristics as a putative transcription factor, and may be involved in low phosphorus response possibly by crosstalk of auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin signaling networks.

Abstract:【Objective】 Using transcriptomic analysis of kernels from different periods of Elaeagnus mollis Diels. to excavate the key genes related to fatty acid synthesis. 【Methods】 We observed and recorded the fruit development of Elaeagnus mollis Diels. and used the fresh seed kernels of adult trees during the period of fruit initiation (C6), rapid fruit expansion (C7) and fruit maturity (C8) as the experimental materials, determined the fatty acid fractions and contents of the kernels of the three periods by the method of hydrolysis-extraction, and analyzed the differences in the expression of samples of the period of C6 and C7 by using transcriptome sequencing technology, and looked for the key differentially expressed genes.【Results】 The average fatty acid content of the three periods showed a gradual increase over time; 6375 up-regulated genes and 8124 down-regulated genes were obtained from the seed kernel data of the C6 and C7 periods, totaling 14 499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among the selected DEGs, 8137 genes were annotated in the GO database, and 4 275 genes were annotated in the KEGG database, mainly involving metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, hormone transduction, amino acid synthesis pathways, and other pathways. Among them, pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis are enriched, with a focus on identifying 8 candidate genes related to fatty acid synthesis. Compared with the C6 stage, the up-regulation of EmBCCP1, EmSAD1, EmFAD2-1, EmFAD3-1, and EmPDCT1 genes, as well as the down-regulation of EmFAbG1, EmPDAT1, and EmKASI1 genes.【Conclusion】 EmBCCP1, EmSAD1, EmFAD2-1, EmFAD3-1, EmPDCT1, EmKASI1, EmFAbG1, and EmPDAT1 genes may promote the synthesis and accumulation of oleic acid and linoleic acid in the seeds of Elaeagnus mollis Diels., and serve as key candidate genes for fatty acid synthesis in Elaeagnus mollis Diels. seed kernels.

Abstract:【Objective】 Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao is an important primitive plant of Astragali radix, and its main planting areas are arid and semi-arid areas in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu and other places, and irregular intermittent rainfall causes the plant drought and rehydration cycle. Studying the characteristics of metabolites in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus during drought and rehydration is crucial to understand the drought stress mechanism in response to natural intermittent rainfall.【Methods】 In this experiment, the seedlings of annual A. membranaceus var. mongholicus were used as materials, subjected to repeated drought stress and rehydration treatment, measured soil nutrients and their root length and root diameter in potted plants, and analyzed the primary differential metabolites of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus using NMR based metabolomics technology, And conduct differential metabolite screening and metabolic pathway analysis; The content of total flavonoids, total saponins, and polysaccharides in the roots of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under repeated drought stress treatment was determined using sodium nitrite aluminum nitrate sodium hydroxide method, vanillin acetic acid colorimetry, and phenol sulfuric acid colorimetry. 【Results】 The results showed that (1) A. membranaceus var. mongholicus showed a trend of decreasing root diameter and increasing root length and fibrous root density when facing drought stress. (2) Under drought and rehydration treatment, a total of 42 metabolites were detected in the metabolome, mainly amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids, amines, ammonia compounds, and sugars; Metabolic pathway analysis found that plants mainly affect their amino acid metabolism pathways during repeated drought stress. By increasing the content of aspartate, alanine, glutamate, proline, and arginine, and reducing the content of asparagine, tryptophan, and 4-Aminobutyrate, they enhance their drought resistance. Specifically, the increase in metabolites such as alanine, glutamate, and proline is about 1～3 times greater, Metabolites such as tryptophan and 4-aminobutyric acid decreased by about 1-2 times. (3) Under the first round of drought stress, the accumulation of total saponins in Astragalus membranaceus decreased, while after the second round of drought stress, the production of three active substances, namely saponins, total flavonoids, and polysaccharides, all showed a downward trend. 【Conclusion】 The results of this study indicate that amino acids and their derivatives are closely related to the mechanism of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in response to water stress, and the plant itself also regulates its secondary metabolites in response to environmental changes.

Abstract:[Objective] The study aims to clarify the soil seed bank and seedling regeneration characteristics of Amygdalus ledebouriana in Xinjiang, and to explore the limiting factors affecting the population regeneration of Amygdalus ledebouriana. [Methods] In this study, Amygdalus ledebouriana in the Ta'e Basin of Xinjiang was taken as the research object, and the soil seed bank and seedling regeneration of Amygdalus ledebouriana in Xinjiang were studied by means of field plot investigation, soil sample collection and seedling number and grade statistics under mother plant. [Results] (1) The average density of seeds in the soil seed bank of Amygdalus ledebouriana was 96.45/m2. The complete seed density of the Tuoli population was the highest, and the density of seeds eaten by the Yumin population was the highest, and the insect-eaten seeds only appeared in the Tacheng population. (2) The seeds of Amygdalus ledebouriana were mainly distributed in the litter layer, accounting for 56.29% of the total seeds, S2(0-5 cm) soil layer accounted for 29.07%, S3(5-10 cm) soil layer accounted for 14.65 %, The horizontal diffusion distance of soil seeds is proportional to the slope of Amygdalus ledebouriana. (3) No seedlings were found in the investigated Amygdalus ledebouriana seedlings. Grade I seedlings accounted for 51.13% of the total number of seedlings. Amygdalus ledebouriana seedlings were concentrated in the range of 50 cm from the base of the mother plant. [Conclusion] The distribution characteristics of soil seed bank of Amygdalus ledebouriana were near mother plant and surface, and the characteristics of seedling regeneration were also near mother plant distribution. Under natural conditions, gnawed seeds, insect-infested seeds and niche loss were the main reasons why Amygdalus ledebouriana seedlings cannot germinate and the regeneration of seedlings was limited.

Abstract:【Objective】 The relationship between species diversity and soil factors in riparian zone is very important to maintain the stability of riparian ecosystem. The purpose of the study was to reveal the relationship between species diversity and soil factors in riparian zone in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, provide some reference and theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration, protection and high-quality development of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.【Methods】 The study studied the relationship between plant distribution, species diversity and soil factors in the transition zone of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province by means of quadrat survey, experimental analysis and CCA ranking. 【Result】 The results showed that: (1)Soil water content, organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus in the transition zone of the middle and lower reached of the Yellow River all belong to moderate variability, and the coefficient of variation of total nitrogen was strong variability, and the spatial distribution of soil nutrients was generally moderately uneven. (2) There was a significant negative correlation between the dominance index of riparian plants and soil total nitrogen (P < 0.05). Soil pH, available potassium and available phosphorus had no obvious effects on species richness index. The evenness index, Shannon-Wiener index and six soil factors did not reach a significant level. (3)The distribution of Polygonum polygonatum, Cyperus capitatum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Echinochloa cristatum and Eclipta prostrata communities was greatly affected by water content. The distribution of Artemisia annua, Ziziphus jujuba, and Populus tomentosa was mainly affected by total nitrogen, and was more distributed in areas with high total nitrogen content. Humulus scandens and Amaranthus retroflexus were greatly affected by available potassium. However, Cynodon dactylon, Xanthium strumarium,Phragmites australis, Setaria viridis, Polygonum persicaria, Vigna radiata and other communities were less affected by soil factors.

Abstract:Abstract: [Objective] Study the leaves of Artemisia stolonifera and Artemisia argyi to provide micro morphological data for their identification. [Methods] Digital camera, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope were used to to study the characteristics of leaf veins, leaf surfaces, and powder. [Results] (1) Under strong light background, only the veins at all levels of Artemisia stolonifera leaves can be clearly observed. (2) Glandular trichomes are only distributed on the lower surface of the leaves of Artemisia argyi, and there are a large number of glandular trichomes on both the upper and lower surfaces of Artemisia argyi leaves. (3) Similar to Artemisia argyi leaves, the lower surface of Artemisia stolonifera leaves is also densely covered with T-shaped non-glandular trichomes, and there are two types of apical cells: one is a long spindle-shaped and curved apical cell, with a average length about 1450 μm (Type I); the other type of apical cell is long and thin, flat and twisted, with an average length of approximately 2800 μm (Type II), exceeding 1700 μm of Artemisia argyi leaves. (4) There are fewer calcium oxalate cluster crystal in the mesophyll tissue of Artemisia stolonifera leaves, with a maximum of only 10 μm. [Conclusion] Research found that the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf veins and the presence or absence of glandular trichomes on the upper surface of the leaves of Artemisia stolonifera and Artemisia argyi can be used for rapid identification of the two leaves.

Abstract:[Objective] In all the plants life-history features, mating patterns may be the most important factor affecting macroscopic evolution. Under uncertain pollination environments, bisexual flowering plants often possess potential self-pollination ability. Given the mating cost of self-pollination, how to balance the two mating patterns, and what is self-pollination strategies are two key issues in deeply understanding the evolution of mating systems. [Methods] To explore the selfing strategies of plants under unstable pollination environments in early spring, we studied the flowering habits, pollinators groups, pollen dispersal dynamics, self-pollen transfer patterns, and mating systems in a natural population of Tulipa sinkiangensis, an early spring ephemeral plant. [Results] (1) T. sinkiangensis bloomed in early or mid-April, with a single flowering period of 5-6 days. They opened during the day and closed at night. The pollen dispersal started from the outer and appears in a zippered order from bottom to top. (2)The pollinators were mainly bees and syrphids. The visiting frequencies were significantly low, with great fluctuation among years, but the fruiting rates were generally higher in natural population. (3) Based on the unstable pollination environment in early spring, a mixed mating system with outcrossing as the main form and partial self-compatibility was presented in the population. The autonomous stamens movement during the closing of flowers in the evening promoted the autonomous self-pollination, and the massive deposition of self-pollen occurred on the 4th day after flowering, accounting for 50.22% of the total autonomous self-pollen deposition amount. It was a delayed self-pollination pattern, although also promoted the occurrence of competing selfing. (4) Under limited pollination, the competing and delayed selfing promoted the pollen deposition in T. sinkiangensis. This mating strategy that combined outcrossing, competing selfing, and delayed selfing flexibly responded to the unstable pollination environment in early spring. It is an adaptation to uncertain pollination services under low temperature conditions in early spring, and also a reproductive assurance strategy for early spring ephemeral plants.

Abstract:【Objective】 The purpose of this research is to investigate the species diversity of Mount Kunyu in Shandong Province and further identify its species composition and distribution. 【Methods】 Morphological, anatomical, chemical characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences were used in this research. 【Results】 Three lichens species new to China, Lepraria harrisiana Lendemer, Leprocaulon nicholsiae Lendemer & E. Tripp, Brownliella kobeana (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr., K?rnefelt, A. Thell, Elix, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, were discovered during a taxonomical study of the lichens from Mount Kunyu, Shandong Province. Descriptions in details and morphological photographs of these three species are provided. Specimens examined are deposited in SDNU (Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University). 【Conclusion】This research shows high species diversity of lichens in Mount Kunyu.

Abstract:【Objective】 Northern Hengduan Mountains are shaped like a huge funnel, which add to the flora and vegetation diversity. The study aims to better understand flora diversity and vegetation structure of the North edge of the Hengduan Mountain, we conducted the investigation in Northern Hengduan Mountains from June to August 2023. 【Methods】 In this study, plants were collected and photographed through field investigation, made into specimens, and sorted out and identified. The voucher specimens for each reported species were preserved in the Herbarium of Yibin University(GAO20230801-20). 【Results】 Eight species, Ephedra minuta Florin(Ephedraceae), Caragana korshinskii Kom.(Fabaceae), Rhododendron luhuoense H. P. Yang(Ericaceae) , Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim.(Ericaceae) , Rhododendron orthocladum var. longistylum Philipson et M. N. Philipson(Ericaceae) , Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. subsp. australe Philipson et M. N. Philipson(Ericaceae) , Artemisia capillaris Thunb.(Asteraceae), Chenopodiastrum gracilispicum (H.W.Kung) Uotila(Amaranthaceae) are reported as newly recorded species in Xizang Autonomous Region. 【Conclusion】 The investigation of plants in the border areas of Northern Hengduan Mountains are still insufficient, which should be further strengthened in the investigation of flora and resources in the future. The discovery of new distributed plants is of great significance to the nature of the local flora and the attribution of the regionalization.

Abstract:【Objective】 The study aims to ascertain the bamboo resources in Guizhou, to supplement and enrich the existing bamboo materials, as well as to provide a certain basis for the subsequent planning and development of bamboo industry. 【Methods】 Field investigations in the way of "surface" and "point" combination were carried out to collect and identify the specimens, as well as access of relevant reference data was sorted out to obtain genera and species of the bamboo that had never been recorded before. 【Results】 A genus and six species of newly recorded bamboo were found. The corresponding newly recorded genus was Schizostachyum species, and six newly recorded species were Schizostachyum pseudolima McClure, Bambusa funghomii McClure, Yushania longshanensis D. Z. Li & X. Y. Ye, Y. polytricha Hsueh et Yi, Y. pauciramificans Yi, Y. punctulata Yi. Report it now. 【Conclusion】 The discovery of these newly recorded genera and species in Guizhou expanded the distribution range and enriched the diversity of bamboo plants in Guizhou.