Abstract:【Objective】 The study aims to explore the physiological mechanism of different grafting patterns to alleviate the low temperature stress of melon(Cucumis melo L.) seedlings, in order to provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate grafting patterns to improve the low temperature resistance of melon in production practice. 【Methods】 Taking thick skin melon varieties ''Early Honey 1'', ''Snow Pear'' and thin skin melon variety ''Sesame Honey'' as scions, and white seed pumpkin as rootstock, and taking melon self rooted seedling as controls, the effects of double root grafting, adhering and attaching on the photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, cell membrane permeability and antioxidant enzyme activity of various melon seedlings leaves before low temperature(4 ℃), low temperature and after low temperature treatment (rewarming treatment) were studied. 【Results】 (1) The photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoid) and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration) of various melon varieties and grafted seedlings leaves were significantly decreased after low temperature treatment, among which the grafted seedling decreased rate of attaching treatment was the lowest, and all treatments increased after rewarming, and the increase range of attaching treatment was the highest. (2) The relative conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and superoxide anion (O2·-) production rate in leaves of all kinds of grafted seedlings of all melon varieties under low temperature treatment were significantly increased compared with those before low temperature treatment, and the attaching grafted seedlings had the lowest increase. The REC, MDA content, H2O2 content and O2·- production rate in leaves of all kinds of grafted seedlings of all melon varieties under rewarming treatment were decreased compared with those low temperature, and the attaching grafted seedlings had the highest decrease. (3) The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves of all kinds of grafted seedlings of all melon varieties under low temperature were significantly increased compared with those before low temperature treatment, and these antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of all kinds of grafted seedlings of all melon varieties under rewarming treatment were significantly increased compared with those low temperature treatment, and the attaching grafted seedlings had the most significant increase. 【Conclusion】 The three grafting patterns can significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes of thick-skinned and thin-skinned melon seedlings under low temperature stress and rewarming, effectively reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, maintain the photosynthetic capacity of seedlings, and improve the low temperature tolerance of seedlings, and the attaching grafting pattern has the best performance.

Abstract:[Objective] The study aims to clarify the influence of virus diseases on the growth, yield and quality of Polygonatum kingianum, and provide basis for further study on the pathogenic mechanism of virus. [Methods] The photosynthetic gas parameters, total chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure of P. kingianum leaves infected by virus were studied. The contents of superoide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), biological characteristics of tuber, and effective chemical components were determined and analyzed. [Results] Infection with viruses caused decreased photosynthesis, the value of Pn decreased by about 2 times, the stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of leaves decreased by 11.25% and 5.79% respectively on infected P. kingianum plants. The content of MDA increased more than twice because of viruses causing strongly lipid peroxidation on the cell membrane. Filamentous viral particles and subsequently polymerising to form inclusive bodies accumulating in cytoplasm of plants infected by virus. Infection of virus, the chloroplast structure was disrupted, and some of them had disintegrated in the infected cell, and the contents of chlorophyll A and B significantly decreased, namely 22.97% and 35.38%, respectively. Meanwhile, the defense response was induced by virus-infected, the activities of defense enzymes including SOD, POD, PPO and PAL increased significantly, PPO increased by 1.6 times. Furthermore, infection with viruses inhibited the expansion of rhizome and the growth of new buds, and caused the fresh weight and the content of polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and total phenol of P. kingianum plant decreased by 48.08%, 6.97%, 23.31%, 15.32% and 11.07% respectively. Infection with viruses activated defense response, damaged cell membrane, and caused decreased photosynthesis. [Conclusion] Consequently, the rhizomes are significantly reduced in size and active ingredients, so its yield and quality are reduced.

Abstract:[Objective] The study aims to further study the leaf morphology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Actinidia arguta under greenhouse cultivation conditions, and to explore the difference of leaf photomorphogenesis between greenhouse and open field cultivation. [Methods] In this experiment, the 5-year-old plants of A. arguta varieties ''Jialv'' and ''Kuilv'' were used as test materials to determine the relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves at different leaf ages under greenhouse and open field cultivation conditions. The differences in photomorphogenesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics under greenhouse and open field cultivation conditions were analyzed. [Results] The photomorphogenesis of A. arguta cultivated in greenhouse and open field was between 1-40 d leaf age, and the fluorescence characteristics of the same variety under different cultivation conditions tended to be consistent. After flowering, the fluorescence characteristics of the same variety under different cultivation conditions were quite different. The leaf area of A. arguta cultivated in greenhouse was larger, the content of chlorophyll b was higher, and it tended to shade leaf characteristics. The performance parameters such as PIabs were significantly lower than those of open field cultivation. The absorption and capture ability of light energy was stronger, but the heat dissipation was higher. The energy used for electron transfer was lower than that of open field cultivation, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed adaptive changes to the environment. [Conclusion] The photomorphogenesis time of A. arguta leaves was 1-40 days after leaf expansion, which was equivalent to completion before flowering. The photomorphogenesis of A. arguta leaves in greenhouse cultivation was significantly different from that in open field cultivation, and the photosynthetic capacity decreased slightly with the increase of leaf area. Greenhouse cultivation changed the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves to a certain extent and reduced the photosynthetic performance.

Abstract:【Objective】 With the change of regional cultivation environment, the problem of rooting difficulty of cuttings is gradually highlighted. Exploring the effects of suitable concentration of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting and sprouting, antioxidant property and gene expression related to growth hormone biosynthesis pathway of fig(Ficus carica) cuttings may provide theoretical basis for its application in fig breeding, propagation, promotion and planting. 【Methods】 The hard branches of ''Brown Turkey'' fig variety were used as cuttings to analyze the effects of different mass concentrations of IBA (0, 30, 45, 60, 90 mg/L) treatments on the rooting traits and antioxidant properties of the scions, as well as transcriptome analyses of axillary buds in the middle part of fig cuttings from 45 mg/L IBA treatments and the control group. 【Results】(1) The germination and rooting rates of fig spikes reached the maximum at 45 mg/L IBA treatment and differed significantly from other treatments and control.(2) With the increase of IBA concentration, the SOD and CAT activities of spike showed the trend of decreasing and then increasing, and both were significantly lower than the control in 45 and 60 mg/L IBA treatment, while POD activity was not significantly different between the treatment and the control; the content of MDA and H2O2 in the spikes of each concentration of IBA treatment was significantly higher than that of the control, and the MDA content in the spikes of 45 mg/L IBA treatment was significantly lower than the rest of the treatments. (3) The results of transcriptome analysis showed that there were 6 879 differentially expressed genes in 45 mg/L IBA treatment and control, and KEGG enrichment showed that there were 10 differential pathways, and GO enrichment analysis indicated that the biological processes and molecular functions were the main biological pathways; the genes related to CAT and SOD were enriched in peroxisomal pathway, while the genes related to POD were enriched in phenylpropane biosynthetic pathway. The metabolism-related gene FcGH3 was significantly up-regulated in the IAA biosynthesis pathway, and the genes related to signaling, such as FcAUX1, FcARG7 and FcARF, were significantly down-regulated. 【Conclusion】 Exogenous IBA treatment led to differential changes in the expression of relevant genes in the antioxidant enzymes and IAA biosynthesis pathway of the fig spikes, enhanced the spikes'' resistance to stress, and promoted the spikes'' rooting, sprouting and seedling formation. Exogenous 45 mg/L IBA treatment had the best effect.

Abstract:[Objective] To investigate the effects of different shading levels on the photosynthetic characteristics and leaf anatomical structure of wild plant Ranunculus ternatus Thunb and provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of its negative tolerance and large-scale planting[Methods] This experiment adopts the method of controlling variables and Ranunculus ternatus Thunb was used as experimental material. Five shading treatments (CK),30% shading (T1),50% shading (T2),70% shading (T3) and 90% shading (T4) were applied.[Results]（1）With the increase of shading, the leaf area reached the maximum under T3 environment; Plant height and stem diameter decreased with the decrease of light.（2）With the increase of shading, the leaf apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of Ranunculus ternatus first increased and then decreased, and was significantly lower than other treatments under T4 treatment; Light Saturation Point (LSP),light compensation point (LCP),dark respiration rate (Rd) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) decreased gradually;Maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), maximized chemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and PSII potential activity (Fv/F0) increased first and then decreased, while the electron ratio (φDo) of the initial fluorescence (F0) heat dissipation decreased first and then increased.（3）With the increase of shading, the stomatal density of Ranunculus ternatus first decreased and then increased, and reached the minimum value at T3 treatment. the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis and the thickness of the sponge gradually decreased, the tissue structure compactness (CTR) decreased first and then increased, and the tissue structure porosity (SR) first increased and then decreased.（4）Leaf palisade tissue, sponge tissue, leaf thickness, and upper and lower epidermal thickness were significantly or positively correlated with Rd. Sponge tissue thickness(ST) 、CTR and SR were significantly positively correlated with Pnmax; (P/S) and SR were significantly positively correlated with AQE .However,sponge tissue thickness(ST) and SR were significantly negatively correlated with F0 .[Conclusion]Ranunculus ternatus can improve its negative tolerance by reducing the photosynthetic rate and changing the leaf structure, it grows well in full light and can also adapt well to 30%-70% shading environment.

Abstract:【Objective】 This study aims to examine how different seedling containers affect the growth, blooming, and physiology of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica seedlings. The goal is to determine the optimal seedling containers for growing purple-leaf L. indica container seedlings and to lay the groundwork for effective vetch container seedling breeding. 【Methods】 Taking the excellent new variety of Lagerstroemia indica 'Ebony Embers' as the research object, a total of 9 treatments with different types and specifications of seedling containers were designed to determine the effects of different treatments on the growth, flowering, and physiology of container seedlings. 【Results】 (1) Different nursery containers had significant effects on the growth, flowering, and physiology of .purple-leaf L. indica container seedlings. The growth, root system, biomass, flowering period, flower diameter, inflorescence, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and other indexes of the container seedlings increased with the container specifications, and all of them reached a significant difference. (2) The C3D3 treatment（25 cm diameter, 25 cm high black root control container） exhibited the greatest in-ground growth, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, number of root tips, above-ground dry weight, below-ground dry weight, total dry weight, and flowering period. These results were significantly greater than the smallest C1D1 treatment（16 cm diameter, 16 cm high black plastic nutritional cups） by 817.12%, 108.12%, 94.60%, 75.66%, 144.14%, 135.67%, 228.45%, 164.65, 20d; additionally, the C1D3 treatment had the highest growth in terms of seedling height, crown growth, leaf area, inflorescence length, and width, which were significantly greater than the lowest C1D1 treatment by 116.05%, 81.39%, 114.95%, 70.44%, and 65.79%, respectively. (3) The C3D3 treatment had the highest relative chlorophyll content and water use efficiency. The C1D3 treatment（25 cm diameter, 25 cm high black plastic nutritional cups） had the highest soluble protein and soluble sugar content, net photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance; there were no appreciable differences between the treatments in terms of intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency. (4) In terms of biomass, blooming stage and diameter, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and diameter growth, black root-control containers outperformed other container types. (5) The comprehensive analysis score ranking for each index affiliation function method is as follows: C3D3>C1D3>C2D3>C3D2> C2D2>C1D2> C2D1>C3D1>C1D1, the most suitable seedling containers for the cultivation of 2-year-old purple-leaf L. indica container seedling cultivation are the 2.5cm diameter and 2.5cm high black root-control containers.

Abstract:[Objective] The invasion of Trifolium repens have occupied the living space of turfgrasses and seriously have threatened the quality and function of turfs. To clarify the impact of T. repens invasion on the functional traits of Poa pratensis and turf quality, which can provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the invasion mechanism of T. repens and the establishment and maintenance of gramineous turfgrass. [Methods] Taking the T. repens invasion of P. pratensis turf as the research object, the sample survey method was employed to investigate the differences in the functional traits and turf quality of P. pratensis under different invasion degrees of T. repens （control and low invasion, moderate invasion, heavy invasion）, and to comprehensively evaluate the turf quality under the degrees of invasion by the membership function method. [Results]（1）With the increase of the degree of T. repens invasion, the carbon content of each organ of P. pratensis, the cost of leaf construction, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, carbon to phosphorus, nitrogen to phosphorus gradually decreased, while the specific leaf area, nitrogen and phosphorus content of each organ increased. （2）At the same level of invasion, the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of each organ of P. pratensis were greater in leaves than in roots and stems, and the carbon to nitrogen rations and carbon to phosphorus ratios were greater in roots and stems than in leaves, while the nitrogen to phosphorus ratios were greater in stems and leaves than in roots. （3）The density, texture, greenness index and uniformity of P. pratensis turf decreased with the increase of T. repens invasion, while the aboveground biomass and belowground biomass increased. （4）The results of the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function method showed that the turf quality was the best under no T. repens invasion, and the worst under T. repens heavy invasion, and the leaf carbon content had the greatest influence on the turf quality. [Conclusion] The invasion of T. repens changed the functional traits of P. pratensis, reduced the turf quality in the invaded area, and seriously affected the landscape and function of the turf.

Abstract:[Objective] To identify and analyze the members of the tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIP) subfamily in apple, and to investigate the expression patterns under drought stress. [Methods] The whole genome of apple MdTIPs was identified by bioinformatics methods, and the physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements, phylogenetic trees, etc. of the subfamily members were analyzed, and the expression patterns of the MdTIPs were also analyzed under drought stress in different organs by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). [Results] A total of 13 MdTIP genes were identified in the apple genome, most of members were subcellularly localized on the plasma membrane. The chromosome localization suggested that all members were distributed on 10 chromosomes, with 1-3 members localized on each chromosome. Besides, the promoter regions of the subfamily members contained a variety of response elements in response to hormonal and adversity stresses. The qRT-PCR showed that MdTIPs subfamily members were up-regulated in roots except MdTIP1;1, of which MdTIP1;3 and MdTIP1;4 were up-regulated 5.27 times and 5.69 times, respectively, compared with the control. Therefore, these two genes were presumed to be the key genes involved in the regulation of drought stress. [Conclusion] Preliminary identification and information of MdTIPs subfamily members were provided. 10 MdTIPs subfamily members were differentially expressed in roots, stems and leaves, and 12 members were highly expressed in roots. The results provide valuable information for further research on utilization of drought resistance gene resources in apple.

Abstract:In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of photosynthetic midday depression breaking by water spraying, the effects of continuous spraying on mango leaves were studied by omics technology. This study can provide scientific basis for further optimizing water management to achieve the best results, , and will have theoretical significance for improving mango yield and quality by responding to the national policy of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency. 【Methods】 The mango cultivar "Tainong No. 1" in Yuanjiang was used as the experimental material. The mango in the fruiting stage was sprayed by water for three times during the photosynthesis midday depression (12:30-14:10), 20 minutes each time, with no water spraying as the control. Then the leaves collected from treatment and control were conducted for transcriptome sequencing analysis by The Illumina Hi SeqTM 2000. The gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. Differential analysis of gene expression was conducted by using DESeq, with |log2αFC| >1 and P<0.05 as the conditions for screening the DEGs. 【Results】 3 789, 2 885, and 1 667 differentially expressed genes were obtained separately from three development stages. GO analysis found that the DEGswere highly correlated with the membrane, intrinsic components of the membrane, components of the membrane and other items in the classification of cell components. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, plant MAPK signal pathway, plant circadian rhythm, metabolism of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthetic biological carbon fixation, biosynthesis of cutin, sulfite and wax, metabolism of porphyrin and chlorophyll, starch and sucrose metabolism, and glyceride metabolism. According to the enrichment results, eight differentially expressed genes were screened. Through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification, the gene expression trend was roughly consistent with the results of RNA-seq. 【Conclusion】The delayed expression of CAO and POR genes suggests that water spraying can prolong the synthesis time of chlorophyll; the gene expression of FBPase and SBPase slightly decreased, suggesting that the spraying treatment might regulate the expression of genes and relieve the midday depression of photosynthetic, which may be beneficial to the carbon assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency.

Abstract:[Objective] The role of WRKY70 homologous gene in strawberry response to stress was analyzed in depth, so as to provide new genetic resources for strawberry molecular breeding. [Methods] The WRKY70 was cloned from strawberry fruits and leaves by homologous cloning method, and the physicochemical properties, protein structure and evolutionary relationship of the gene were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis, and its expression pattern was analyzed by qRT-PCR data. [Results] The FaWRKY70 was 1 020 bp in length and encoded 339 amino acids. Among the homologous genes obtained, FaWRKY70 had a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity with the same family species such as apple and peony, and most of the homologous genes were related to plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting that FaWRKY70 may be involved in the process of strawberry resistance to stress. FaWRKY70 was expressed in flowers, fruits, leaves, roots and stems of strawberry, with the highest expression level in flowers and the lowest in fruits. After salicylic acid treatment, the expression level of FaWRKY70 could respond rapidly, reaching the highest level after 3 hours, and then gradually decreasing. However, when treated with methyl jasmonate, the FaWRKY70 was less responsive to induction, and the overall trend was down-regulated. [Conclusion] FaWRKY70 can participate in strawberry life activities and hormone signal transduction through different response modes.

Abstract:【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of peanut ASR gene family and their roles in drought and salt stress responses, and to provide potential gene loci for the breeding of drought and salt-resistant peanut varieties. 【Methods】 The ASR gene family of peanut was identified at the genome level and analyzed in basic characteristics by bioinformatics methods, and the expression changes of ASR gene family under 200 mmol/L NaCl and PEG treatment were analyzed by using transcriptome data. 【Results】 (1) Seven peanut ASR genes were identified by analyzing the reference genome of peanut cultivar Shitouqi, and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was between 5.34-6.98. the Aliphatic index was between 23.77-56.84, and the GRAVY value was negative, indicating that these seven proteins were hydrophilic proteins. (2) The expression pattern of AhASR3 and AhASR7 genes was similar, with high transcription level, similar gene structure, protein structure domain and the number of conserved motifs, and motif 5, 6, and 9 were only found in AhASR3 and AhASR7 proteins. (3) The promoter regions of AhASR1, AhASR5 and AhASR2 had drought-induced MYB transcription factor binding sites, and the promoter regions of AhASR1, AhASR2 and AhASR4 had ABA response elements. (4) The result of transcriptome analysis of peanut salt stress treatment showed that AhASR2, AhASR3 and AhASR7 were upregulated in the root after 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment. (5) The result of transcriptome analysis of PEG treatment showed that the transcription levels of AhASR1, AhASR3, AhASR4 and AhASR7 were up-regulated more than twice after PEG treatment for 4 h or 8 h. 【Conclusion】 The basic characteristics of peanut ASR family genes and proteins were preliminarily clarified, and the ASR genes that may be involved in salt and drought stress responses were identified, which provided potential target genes for further breeding salt- and drought-tolerant peanut varieties.

Abstract:【Objective】 Sagittaria trifolia is an important horticultural and cash crop in China. Identification of genome size and conducting karyotype analysis are essential for genome research and molecular genetics of S. trifolia. At this stage, the genome size of the S. trifolia. and chromosome morphology''s are still unclear, the present study with a view to provide more cytological references to S. trifolia. breeding and species evolution. 【Methods】The study was conducted using flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridisation and with reference to the lysate formulation, probe configuration, to identify the genome size of the root tips of S. trifolia. arietinum variety ''Zijinxing'' (ZJX) and to analyze and observe the chromosome morphology of the root tips.【Results】 (1) The tested cecropia was a diploid plant, and the genome of ''Zijinxing'' cecropia was about 16 Gb. (2) Using DAPI fluorescence staining, the number of chromosomes was obtained to be stable and in perfect agreement with the results of telomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization, which were all 22, and the chromosome types were middle mitotic (metacentric chromosome), near-middle mitotic (submetacentric chromosome), and proximal mitotic (acrocentric chromosome), with the largest number of proximal mitotic and no follower was found; and the formula for the karyotype was 2n=2x=22=6m+4sm+12st, which belonged to the Stebbins type. The karyotype formula was 2n=2x=22=6m+4sm+12st, which belonged to type 3B of Stebbins type, and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 99.13. 【Conclusion】 The study concluded that the genome of S. trifolia. was of medium size, with a highly asymmetric karyotype and a high degree of evolution.

Abstract:【Objective】To study the effects of drought stress on the distribution and stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in different organs of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings.【Methods】The 1-year seedling of Pinus yunnanensis was used as experimental material, and four water treatments were set, that is, the relative water content of soil was controlled at 90%±5%(CK), 75%±5%(mild drought), 60%±5%(moderate drought) and 45%±5%(severe drought), respectively. The contents of C, N and P in leaves, stems, coarse roots and fine roots of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings under drought stress were determined, and the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were analyzed. 【Results]】(1) Compared with the appropriate water treatment, the C content in leaves, stems and fine roots of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings decreased under drought stress, but increased in coarse roots. N content decreased in coarse roots and increased in fine roots. P content increased in leaves and decreased in stems. C:N increased first in coarse roots and then decreased in fine roots. C:P decreased in leaves; N:P decreased in leaves and increased in stems. (2) The order of variability of each element content was P > N > C. The variability of C content in leaves and stems was small and the degree of variation was weak, and the variability in fine roots was the largest; The variability of N content and C:N was the largest in fine roots. The variability of P content was the largest in leaves and the smallest in coarse roots. C:P variability is the largest in the stem, N:P variability is the largest in the stem and the smallest in the coarse root. (3) There was no significant correlation between the contents of C and P in leaves, stems, coarse roots and fine roots; there was a significant negative correlation between the contents of N in leaves and coarse roots, and a significant positive correlation between the contents of N in stems and fine roots. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the contents of N and P in stems and coarse roots.【Conclusion】The results showed that the growth of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings was restricted by N element, and the utilization efficiency of N and P increased with the increase of drought stress. The overall variability of C, N and P contents in coarse roots and fine roots of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings was higher than that in leaves and stems, and the root system was more sensitive to soil water environment.

Abstract:【Objective】 The aims of the study is to know the origin and development process of adventitious roots of Aronia melanocarpa cutting, and reveal its cutting rooting mechanism. 【Methods】 Taking the semi-lignified cuttings of ''Fukangyuan No.1'' as the research material, the changes in internal structure and external morphology of cuttings during the formation of adventitious roots were observed by hydroponic cutting technology and paraffin section method. 【Results】 The results showed that under hydroponic conditions, the rooting period of IBA treated cuttings was 30-40 d. During the cutting process, adventitious roots appeared at 10-15 d at the lenticel, and adventitious roots appeared at 15-20 d at the cuttings incision, the rooting speed, number and root length were better than the control. The number of adventitious roots in the cuttings was the largest and the rooting was fast. Exogenous induction can significantly improve the rooting rate and rooting quality. There was no latent root primordium in the cuttings before cutting, and the adventitious root primordium was formed after cutting. The adventitious roots were formed into callus rooting type and internal meristem rooting type. Adventitious roots produced in the bark originated from vascular cambium and phloem parenchyma cells or cortex; the adventitious roots produced by the callus are specialized by the parenchymal cells in the callus; leaf gap or branch gap is the main area for the formation of adventitious root primordium and callus formation. [Conclusion] The cutting rooting belongs to the multi-site occurrence mode and belongs to the induced rooting type.

Abstract:【Objective】 The study aims to investigate the morphological adaptation characteristics of tree peonies growing in different habitats to the environment of the plains, and to provide references for research on conservation measures of tree peonies and screening of excellent germplasm resources. 【Methods】The Central Plains tree peonies （Paeonia ostii ''Fengdan'' and ''Luoyanghong''）and wild tree peonies（P. delavayi Franch，P. potanini，P. ludlowii，P. lutea Franch，P. lutea and P. qiui）in different habitats were used as experimental materials, and the anatomical structure of the leaves was observed by paraffin section technique and the relevant indexes were determined and analyzed. 【Results】（1）The upper and lower epidermal cells of the leaves of the Central Plains tree peonies and the wild tree peonies were irregularly shaped, the stomata were uniformly distributed in the lower epidermis, and the morphology of the leaf epidermis showed different degrees of variability. （2）The leaves of both the Central Plains tree peonies and the wild tree peonies were heterofacial, and there were significant differences in the anatomical structure and photosynthetic pigment content of the leaves of different tree peonies. P. ludlowii has characteristics of wet plants, such as relatively thin leaf blade and cuticle, undeveloped fenestrated tissues, large cell gaps and maximum stomatal density; P. lutea has the greatest thickness of leaf blade, fenestrated tissues and spongy tissues, and shows strong adaptability to the high temperature and partial aridity of the plain habitat. （3）There were highly significant positive correlations between leaf thickness and upper epidermal thickness, fence tissue thickness, and spongy tissue thickness. There were highly significant positive correlations between stomatal long axis, stomatal index and traits such as fence tissue thickness and leaf thickness. 【Conclusion】All the germplasm of wild tree peonies except P. ludlowii is well adapted to the high-temperature and arid plains habitats, and the indicators of wet structure and photosynthetic pigment content of P. ludlowii can be the main reason why it cannot be cultivated in the plains.

Abstract:[Objective] The woody stems of plants are difficult to obtain satisfactory microscopic image in both freehand and paraffin sections due to the high content of secondary vascular tissue, high degree of lignification of cell wall. Microtome cryostat can section the tissue with a certain hardness. It will be one of the effective tools for the section of plant woody stems. [Methods] Some woody stems with uniform texture and high water content can be directly sectioning without chemical fixation by using cryo-sectioning. For stems with hard wood and less water content, after fixation with FAA and other fixation, OCT embedding, (-30)-(-25) ℃ section, and staining with 0.1% toluidine blue staining solution. [Results] The microstructure of the wood stem is relatively complete, the image is clear and rich in color. [Conclusion] The microtome cryostat can be used for microstructure sections of wood stem, combined with toluidine blue staining, which has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency and ease of operation.

Abstract:[Objective] The study aims to explore the plant resources of Micangshan Nature Reserve in Shaanxi, field investigation was carried out. [Methods] The authors determined one newly recorded genus and four newly recorded plants in Shaanxi Province by consulting the literature and comparing the specimens in the collection. [Results] One new record genus of the vascular plant, Gonocarpus Thunberg, and its new record species Gonocarpus micranthus Thunberg in Shaanxi Province were determined. In addition, three new record plants were found. They were Viburnum atrocyaneum C. B. Clarke (Viburnaceae), Carpesium minus Hemsley (Asteraceae) and Euonymus oxyphyllus Miquel (Celastraceae). [Conclusion] This report was of great significance to improve the records of vascular plants in Shaanxi province. The voucher specimens were stored in the herbarium of Northwest A&F University(WUK).

Abstract:【Objective】 The aim is to enrich the angiosperm germplasm resources in Shanxi Province, and promote research on biodiversity and forest ecosystems in Zhongtiao area. 【Methods】 photos of Zhongtiao Mountains plant specimens and typical features were collated through specimen identification, data access and expert consultation, according to a large number of field vegetation survey. 【Results】 Five species of angiosperms had not been recorded in Shanxi Province, viz. Rumex acetosella L., Anemone narcissiflora subsp. protracta (Ulbrich) Ziman & Fedoronczuk, Cardamine flexuosa With., Impatiens lushiensis Y. L. Chen, Physalis minima L.. 【Conclusion】 These plants belonged to 5 families and 5 genera, These were newly recorded species of angiosperms from Shanxi Province, The discovery of these new records had enriched the angiosperms germplasm resources and provided the basis for the study on the plant diversity and florogenesis of Shanxi Province.