The karyotypes were studied via squash method in 10 Prunus mume cultivars and 3 related species that P.armeniaca L.,P.sibirica (L.) Lam.and P.cerasifera Ehrh.‘Pissardii’.The results showed that ploidy levels of all the test materials were diploid (2n=2x=16).Asymmetry index ranged from 55.17% to 61.71%,The karyotypes of all the test materials were made of m and sm chromosomes,which include 1A,1B and 2B.The chromosome information of P.mume ‘Fenghou’ and P.mume ‘Qiao Meiren’ was between Prunus mume and 3 related species.