Five species of the lichen genus Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC.,collected from southern and central Tianshan Mts.and Altay Mts.,are reported.Among them,Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Flrke ex Spreng.) Th.Fr.,and R.macrosporum Rsnen are new to China,R.grande (Flrke ex Flot.) Arnold,R.lecanorinum Anders,and R.riparium Rsnen are new to Xinjiang.The morphological,anatomical,chemical and ecological descriptions of these species are given.Photos of Rhizocarpon species occurred in study area of Xinjiang are also presented.