Alsophila spinulosa is a mesozoic ancient relic species which under the second-grade state protection. A. spinulosa and its habitat is the protection object of Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve of Guizhou. This A. spinulosa population is one of the populations with the most abundant and the largest distribution. Ecological and floristic methods were used to study the species diversity, floristic elements, life form spectrum and community structure. The results show that: （1）a total of 122 species, 96 genera and 60 families were found in the community, among them there were 17 fern species, belonging to 14 genera and 12 families, 2 gymnosperms belonging to 2 genera and 2 families, and 103 angiosperms belonging to 80 genera and 46 families; （2） the families and genera floristic composition was complex with various types, the floristic characteristics were mainly influenced by pantropic, followed by temperate, which reflected its transitional characteristic; （3）the main life form distribution was phanerophytes, about 57.38%, which reflected that the phanerophytes lifeforms were the dominant in midsubtropical forest; （4）vertical stratification was obvious, trees with the height between 4 m and 12 m had the highest proportion about 76.64%, shrubs with the height between 2 m and 3 m had the highest proportion of 69.78%, and herbs with the height between 0-0.2 m had the highest proportion, the level is obvious; （5）Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens and A. spinulosa were the dominant tree species; A. spinulosa was the dominant species of shrub layer; Dryopteris erythrosora and Selaginella uncinata were the main herbs. The result of species richness analysis was tree layer < shrub layer < herbaceous layer. Diversity index and uniformity analysis shown aggregated distribution for tree layer and its relatively simple composition. The distribution forms of shrub and herb layers were uniform with low abundance.