The family Ranunculaceae has played an important role in the evolution of angiosperms. However, agreement is lacking on the systematic relationships of many genera within Ranunculaceae. In recent twenties years, molecular phylogenetic studies discovered that previous classifications system based on morphological characteristics were quite difference with the molecular phylogeny. The vast majority of the subfamily defined by morphological traits was not supported by molecular systematic. Besides, several genera determined by morphology, such as, Cimicifuga, Souliea, Hepatica, Pulsatilla, Batrachium etc., were detected to be synonymies according to molecular analysis. At the mean time, molecular systematics studies also established genera in the family, such as, Gymnaconitum etc. Through molecular systematics study, a total of ten genera were reduced, and two genera were established in China. However, the relationships between many groups within Ranunculaceae are still in question. The phylogenetic framework of subfamily. Ranunculoideae and tribe Delphinieae still needs to further study. In the present paper, recent advances in molecular phylogenetics of Ranunculaceae are summarized and some problematical issues within the family are discussed.