In this paper, the pollens and seeds were compared and analyzed with the morphology, size and exine ornamentation characteristics of the four species of genus Ypsilandra, by using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The seeds of Ypsilandra thibetica, Y. cavaleriei, Y. yunnanensis and Y. alpina were reported for the first time, and the pollens of all the species (except for Y. yunnanensis) were also reported for the first time. Results showed that: (1) the pollen shapes of Ypsilandra were mostly prolate, the minority of them were perprolate with the size of (22-36.5) μm × (11.5-24) μm, and the equatorial view shapes were elliptical, the polar view shapes were round. The exine ornamentation were granulated with spinules. (2) The largest pollen size was to Y. thibetica accompanied with longer polar axis than other congeners, and the smallest was to Y. cavaleriei. (3) The pollen exine ornamentation characteristics among the four species were significantly different. (4) The seeds of Ypsilandra were fine spindle with double reticulum exine ornamentation, both ends have long fibrous tail. (5) The largest seed size was to Y. yunnanensis with significant seed ridge, and the smallest was to Y. cavaleriei. (6) The characteristics of line, ridge and mesh of reticulum were different among each species. This studies provided taxonomic evidence for the identification of the genus Ypsilandra species, and the evolutionary biological significance of pollen and seed micromorphological features was also discussed.