The wetland of Ebinur Lake is seriously degrading due to natural and anthropogenic factors, which affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, there have been fewer studies on the longterm change of soil water, salt and nutrient. In this study, the changes and spatial distribution of soil water content, salt content, pH value and organic matter under typical vegetation (Haloxylon ammodendronTamarix chinensis community, Haloxylon ammodendron community, Populus euphratica community, Phragmites communis community) were analyzed from 2006 to 2015. The results showed that: (1) soil organic matter and water content under different plant communities significantly decreased from 2006 to 2015, which decreased by 24.65%-48% and 5.41%-20.16%, respectively. In contrast, soil salinity and pH increased by 81.92%-128.74% and 2.99%-4.21%, respectively, which indicated that soil salinization aggravated around the wetland of Ebinur Lake. (2) The level of nutrient reduction was Haloxylon ammodendronTamarix chinensin > Populus euphratica > Haloxylon ammodendron > Phragmites communis. The soil of northwest reached heavy salinization level, and the organic matter decreased to sixlevel. The soil in other communities was moderately salinized, and the organic matter was fourlevel. The study found the soil condition in Ebinur wetland has been deteriorating in the past decade, as the the soil nutrients of different plants communities and water content have been decreasing, and salinization has been increasing. Soil texture, precipitation and climate warming and drying were the basis of soil degradation under different plant communities. Anthropogenic activities (the increase of population and agricultural water consumption, and the change of cultivated land) make the remarkable difference of soil degradation degree under different communities.