Cucumber leaf was treatment with different concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as NAP, PHE, FLA, BaA and BaP mixture by the smear method. We studied the effects of PAHs on growth, physiological performance, and quality of cucumber and to understand their patterns of accumulations in different parts. Objective was to investigate the growth effects and toxicity mechanisms for vegetable with PAHs stress. The result showed that：(1) with PAHs treatment concentration rising, PAHs accumulation in seven parts of cucumber firstly ascended then descended. The highest PAHs contents were in leaves for the vegetative organ, the lowest contents in flesh for the fruit. (2) Low concentration of PAHs stress had positive effects on cucumber plant height, stem diameter, root length, leaf length, leaf width, fruit longitudinal stem, fruit cross stem and single fruit weight, whereas medium and high concentrations had negative impacts. (3) With PAHs treatment, leaf SOD and CAT activities reduced, MDA activity firstly ascended then descended. With intermediate concentration PAHs stress, POD activity obviously enhanced. (4) Low concentration of PAHs stress had positive effects on cucumber fruit vitamin C, soluble protein, titrate acid, whereas medium and high concentrations had negative impacts, the reduced soluble sugar and soluble solids were inhibited by PAHs. The study considers the PAHs had distribution characteristics in cucumber and the part easier to absorb and accumulate PAHs that exposed directly to the atmosphere. As a typical organic pollutant, PAHs have brought about harms also plays a positive role in growth and development of cucumber. There are certain threshold values for the leaves absorption of PAHs and the positive or negative effects on physiological characteristics of cucumber.