The karyotypes of 43 populations in 11 Polygonatum species native to China were studied using traditional squash method．The results showed that: (1) all of those 43 populations were diploids, with the number of chromosomes between 16 and 60, base n=8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 30. (2) Among those 43 populations， 15 populations belonged to Stebbins 2B karyotype; 22 populations belonged to 3B karyotype，and the rest 6 populations belonged to 2C karyotype. The AS．K and the ratio of the length of the longest and the shortest chromosome were 55.78％-75.60％ and 2.01-6.12. (3) Among those 43 populations，23 populations had different numbers and positions satellite. (4) The chromosome number of Polygonatum species native to China increased gradually from alternate leaves to verticillate leaves, and the karyotype characteristics trend showed in: ① the ratio of the length of the longest and the shortest chromosome increased gradually. ② Satellite gradually disappear. ③ Karyotype asymmetry enhanced gradually. ④ The AS．K increased gradually. Above results indicated that, numbers of chromosome morphology diversity existed among different species or different populations of the same species． The genetic diversity among different species or populations could be discriminated by means of the number and position of different kinds of chromosomes， as well as the difference numbers and positions of satellite．